高三英语时态、语态

高三英语时态、语态知识要点完成时态用法要点1）现在完成时态与过去时态的区别现在完成时态说明过去到现在为止已发生的动作或已有的经验，并对现在有影响。过去时态表示曾发生过事情。例：HowlongdidyouliveinShanghai?（现在不在上海）HowlonghaveyoulivedinShanghai?（现在仍在上海）--Wherehaveyouputmybook?Ican'tfindit.--Iputitrighthere.2）完成时态常见句型Ithasbeen（is）+时间+since+一般过去时态havedone+since（for）haddone+before/when+一般过去时态haddone+bytheendof/upto/till+过去时间E．willhavedone+bytheendof+现在时间例：A.Itis（hasbeen）fiveyearssinceImovedhere.Wehaven'tseeneachothersincewemetlastmonth（foryears）.Hehadlearned2000EnglishwordsbeforehewenttoAmerica.Wehadputupfivepowerstationsherebytheendoflastyear.Wewillhavelearnedtentextsbytheendofthisterm.注意：表示第几次去（到）某地，在句式中，后面常用现在完成时。ThisisthefirsttimeIhavecometoAmerica.先行词是形容词的最高级或者被最高级修饰时，定语从句常用完成时态。ThisIsthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.瞬间动词用于完成时态不能与for+一段时间或since+时间连用。常见瞬间动词有:arrive,reach,start,begin,leave,close,open,finish,join,buy,die,find,see,go,但可以与否定式连用例：Hehasjoinedthearmyforthreeyears.误Hejoinedthearmythreeyearsago.正Hehasn'treturnedhomefor3years.3）完成进行时态与进行时态的区别完成进行时态表示动作从过去一直持续到现在；而进行时时态只指目前正在发生的动作。例：Hehasbeenreadingthatmagazinesincelastnight.Heisreadingamagazine.4）在状语从句中代替将来时态。例：Don'tgetoffthebusuntilithasstopped.IwillgivemyopinionwhenIhavereadthebookthrough.Wewillstartateightifithasstoppedrainedbythen.2．将来时态的表达形式1）will/shall（只用于第一人称）+do单纯的将来例：TheywillflytoBeijing.IshallgotoShanghaibeforeyoucomeback.一般将来时有时可以表示一种倾向或习惯性动作。1.Cropswilldiewithoutwater.2.Oilwillfloatonwater.begoingto+do表示近期的计划的计划、打算、安排或根据现有的各种因素判断很快发生的事情例：Wearegoingtovisitachemistryplantnextweek.It'sgoingtorain,forit'sgettingdark.betodo表示预先的计划或说话人的意志(命令，劝告)例：HeistostayheretillIreturn.(Hemuststay)Heisworkinghardathislessonsandheisgoingtotakeanexaminationnextweek.beabouttodo表示很近的将来，“就要”“即将”，“快要”的意思。例：Hurryup,theplayisabouttostartnow.Theplaneisabouttotakeoff.be+comimg(leaving,reaching,returning,starting,dying,arriving,settingout)表示即将发生的动作，常与表示未来的时间副词连用。例：Allaboardplease,thetrainisleaving.Hisfatherisarrivingtonight.一般现在时态代替将来时态(1)表示按规定或预计将要发生的事情。(2)用于间、条件等状语从句中。例：Theplanetakesoffateightinthemorning.ItisSundaytomorrowWeleaveBeijingat8a.mandarriveat7p.mIfIseehimtomorrow,Iwilltellhimthatgoodnews.1)过去的两个动作如果一个动作发生在另一个动作之前，那么发生前的就用过去完成时，即“过去的过去，。Whenhereachedtheshop,Ithadalreadyclosed.had+hoped(expected,supposed,meant,thought,wanted)表示未实现的希望、计划、想法等。例：Ihadhopedtopassedtheexam,butIwasnotwellthatday.Ihadthoughtthathehaddiedthreeyearsbefore.在Nosooner...than,hardly(scarcely/barely)..when…句式中，前面用过去完成时。意为“刚……就……”“……就……”Hardlyhadtheybeenseatedwhenthebusstarted.NosoonerhadIfinishedtheworkthanthelightwentout.时态呼应时态呼应主要用于宾语从句中，既：1)当主句是现在或将来时态时，从句可以用任何所需时态。2)当主句是过去时态时，从句必须用过去的某种时态。例：HesaysthathewillgotoWuhan(hewenttoWuhanlastweek)HetoldmethathehadbeentoAmerica.be+always+doing表示的不是进行时态而是一种感情色彩。例：Heisalwayshelpingothers.(表扬)Theyarealwaysspittinginpublic.(批评)主动形式被动意义的句子。例：Thebooksellswell.Thepoemsreadsmoothly.Theclothwasheswell.Theknifecutswell.Thefilmwillfinishsoon.Theboxcarrieseasily.主动表示被动的结构。havesomethingtodoSth.+be+adj.+todobeworthdoingtaste(sound,smell,feel)+adj.Sth.needs(require,want)+doing例：Theyhavealotoffoodtoeat.Thetextisveryeasytounderstand.Thatbookiswellworthreading.Theclothfeelssoft.Theoldneedrespecting.cost,易误用于被动语态的动词，如：breakout,takeplace,happen,belongto,last,become.cost,例：Thebookisbelongedtome.误Thebooksbelongstome对Vt+宾语+do句型转换成被动语态时“do”前要加“to”.例：Thebossmadehisworkersworkdayandnight.Hisworkersweremadetoworkdayandnight.Ill.高考题实录-Yourphonenumberagain?Iquitecatchit.(95)--It's9568442.didn'tB.couldn'tC.don'tD.can't--thesportsmeetmightbeputoff.(95)--Yes,italldependsontheweather.I'vebeentoldB.I'vetoldC.I'mtoldD.ItoldAsshethenewspaper,Granny___asleep.(95)A.read;wasfallingB.wasreading;fellC.wasreading;wasfallingD.read;fellYoudon'tneedtodescribeher.I___herseveraltimes.(95)A.hadmetB.havemetC.metD.meetdo'tthinkJimsawme;he___intospace.(95)A.juststaredB.wasjuststaringC.hasjuststaredD.hadjuststared--___myglasses?--Yes,Isawthemonyourbedaminuteago.(96)A.DoyouseeB.HadyouseenC.WouldyouseeD.HaveyouseenHelen___herkeysintheofficesoshehadtowaituntilherhusbandhome.(96)A.hasleft;comesB.left;hadcomeC.hadleft;cameD.hadleft;wouldcome8.-CanIhelpyou,sir?--Yes.Iboughtthisradiohereyesterday,butit.(96)A.didn'tworkB.won'tworkC.can'tworkD.doesn'tworkfirstmetLisathreeyearsago.Sheataradioshopatthetime.(97)A.hasworkedB.wasworkingC.hadbeenworkingD.hadworked—Isthisraincoatyours?(97)--No,minetherebehindthedoor.A.ishangingB.hashungC.hangsD.hung—WhoisJerryCooper?(97)--___?Isawyoushakinghandswithhimatthemeeting.A.Don'tyoumeethimyetB.Hadn'tyoumethimyetC.Didn'tyoumethimyetD.Haven'tyoumethimyet—Youhaven'tbeentoBeijing,haveyou?(98)--.HowIwishtogothere!Yes,IhaveB.Yes,Ihaven'tC.No,IhaveD.No,Ihaven't-Nancyisnotcomingtonight.—Butshe!(98)A.promisesB.promisedC.willpromiseD.hadpromisedShirleyabookaboutChinalastyearbutIdon'tknowwhethershehasfinishedit.(98)A.haswrittenB.wroteC.hadwrittenD.waswriting-Hi,Tracy,youlooktired.-Iamtired.I___thelivingroomallday.(98)A.paintedB.hadpaintedhavebeenpaintingD.havepaintedTheprice___,butIdoubtwhetheritwillremainso.(99)A.wentdownB.willgodownhasgonedownD.wasgoingdown—Hey,lookwhereyouaregoing--Oh,I'mterriblysorry..(99)A.IamnotnoticingB.Iwasn'tnoticingC.Ihaven'tnoticedD.Idon'tnotice18.Ifcitynoisesfromincreasing,peopleshouttobeheardevenatthedinnertable20yearsfromnow.(92)A.arenotkept;willhavetoB.arenotkept;havetoC.donotkeep;willhavetoD.donotkeep;havetoneedonemorestampbeforemycollection.A.hadcompletedB.completesC.hascompletedD.iscompleted20.--thesportsmeetmightbeputoff.--Yes,italldependsontheweather.(95)A.I'vebeentoldB.I'vetoldC.I'mtoldD.ItoldIV.自测题Wheneleveno'clock___andhestill___,Ibegantowonderifhe___anaccident.A.came;arrived;hadhadB.came;hadn'tarrived;hadC.came;hadn'tarrived;hadhadD.hadcome;hadn'tarrived;hadhad—Canyoutellmewhenthetrainwillleave?--Itat7tomorrowmorning.A.willleaveB.leavesC.isgoingtoleaveD.wastoleave—Look.Itagain.--Thisisthethirdtimeweitthisweek.A.willrain;shallhaveB.israining;havehadC.israining;haveD.isgoingtorain;had___wefailthistime,we___trying.A.Evenif;don'tstopB.Eventhough;wouldn'tstopEvenalthough;neverstopD.Eventhough;won'tstop—WasthedrivingpleasantwhenyouwenttoAustralialastyear?---No,it___forfourdayswhenwearrived,sotheroadswereverymuddy.A.wasrainingB.hadbeenrainingC.wouldberainingD.hasrainedTheyfriendssincetheymetinShanghai.A.havemadeB.havebecomeC.haveturnedD.havebeenJack,I___gonow;theTurners___forme.A.must;willwaitB.must;willbewaitinghaveto;mustwaitD.haveto;shouldbewaitingThiscloth___thoughitlookscolorful.A.doesn'twashwellB.didn'twashwellC.isn'twashedwellD.isn'twellwashedWhenshe___Ididn'thavemuchtimetotalk,becauseI___forBeijingintwohours.A.phoned;wasleavingB.hasphoned;amleavingC.phoned;haveleftD.phones;willleave___thatshewouldcometohelpme,buthedidn'tcome.A.expectB.haveexpectedC.hadexpectedD.wasexpectedBythentheboyforthreedays.A.wentawayB.hadleftC.leftD.hadbeenaway--Idon'tknowhowtousethiscamera.--It'squiteeasy.Iyou.A.willshowB.amgoingtoshowC.wouldshowD.wasgoingtoshowAssoonashe___howtousethecomputer,theboss___himajob.A.islearning;shallgetB.willlearn;shallhavegotC.learns;shallbegettingD.haslearned;shallgetJohnvisitedhisunclebeforeheforBeijing.A.wouldleaveB.leavesC.hadleftD.leftTheyhadallthoughtthetrain___bythetimetheyarrived.A.wasleavingB.wouldhaveleftC.leftD.wouldbeleaving—Haveyougottheticketfortomorrow'sconcert?--Notyet,andItogetitinthelastthreedays.A.havebeentryingB.willbetryingC.hadtriedD.havebeentried—Wehaven'theardfromJaneforalongtime.--Whatdoyousuppose___toher.A.washappeningB.tohappenC.hashappenedD.havinghappenedOnSaturdayafternoon,MrsGreenwenttothemarket,___someappleandvisitedhercousin.A.boughtB.buyingC.tobuyD.buy___downtheradio,andthebaby'sasleepintheroom.A.TurningB.TurnC.TurnedD.ToturnI'llgowithyouassoonasImywork.A.willfinishB.shallfinishC.finishD.havefinished—Where___thedictionary?Ican'tseeanywhere.---Iitrighthere.Butnowit'sgone.A.didyouput;haveputB.haveyouput;putC.haveyouput;wasputtingD.wereyouputting;haveputTheyaskedmetohaveadrinkwiththem.IsaiditwasatleasttenyearssinceIagooddrink.A.hadenjoyedB.wasenjoyedC.enjoyedD.hadbeenenjoyingMybrother___whilehehisbicycleandhurthimself.A.fell;wasridingB.fell;wereridingC.hadfallen;rodeD.hadfallen;wasridingTomwasdisappointedthatmostoftheguests___whenheattheparty.A.left;hadarrivedB.left;arrivedC.hadleft;hadarrivedD.hadleft;arrived---Wecouldhavewalkedtothestation,itwassonear.Yes.Ataxiatallnecessary.A.wasn'tB.hadn'tbeenC.wouldn'tbeD.won'tbe26.Ifcitynoisesfromincreasing,peoplebeheardonlyatthedinnertable20yearslaterfromnow.A.arenotkept;willhavetoB.arenotkept;havetoC.donotkeep;willhavetoD.donotkeep;haveto27.Tom___intothehousewhennoone.A.slipped;waslookingB.hadslipped;lookedC.slipped;hadlookedD.wasslipping;lookedJanewhenshecottoninthefields.A.hadseen;waspickingB.saw;pickedC.hadseen;pickedD.saw;waspickingMydictionary.Ihavelookedforiteverywherebutstill___it..A.haslost;don'tfindB.ismissing;haven'tfoundC.haslost;haven'tfoundD.ismissing;got一I'msorrytokeepyouwaiting.---Oh,notatall.I___hereonlyafewminutes.A.havebeenB.hadbeenC.wasD.will—Doyoulikethematerial?---Yes,it___verysoft.isfeelingB.feltC.feelsD.isfeltIdon'treallyworkhere,Iuntilnewsecretaryarrives.A.justhelpoutB.havejusthelpedoutC.amjusthelpingoutD.willjusthelpoutThemanisdyingfast,yetnodoctor.A.hadbeensentB.hasbeensentC.hadbeensentforD.hasbeensentforDon'tgetthatinkonyourshirt,forit.A.won'twashoutB.won'tbewashingoutC.isn'twashingoutD.doesn'twashawayThedriveroftheredcarwhenablackonecameupquickly.A.hasjuststartedB.wasjuststartingC.wouldjuststartoutD.isjuststartingoutJohntoworkinagovernmentofficethoughhehatedservingthere.A.wantedB.hadwantedC.waswantedD.waswantingComeandsitdownbythefire.Youhand.A.feelssocoldB.isfeltsocoldfeelssocoldlyD.feelssocold—Haveyoumovedintothenewhouse?--Notyet.Therooms.A.arebeingpaintingB.arepaintingarepaintedD.arebeingpaintedInsomepartsoftheworld,teawithmilkandsugar.A.isservingB.isservedC.servesD.served—WhydoesJennylooksounhappy?___Shewhereshedoesn'twantto.A.madetogoB.ismadegoC.makestogoD.ismadetogo41．Hehislegwhenheinafootballmatchagainstanotherschool.A.broke;playedB.wasbreaking;wasplayingC.broke;wasplayingD.wasbreaking;played—Willyougotothemuseumtomorrow?--IwillifInovisitor