材料专业常用术语英语单词表

(完word版材料专业常用术英语单词表Unit1property(材料的）性heattreatment

热处理metalglass

金属玻璃plastics

塑料fiber

纤维electronicdevices电子器件component

组元,组semiconductingmaterials半体材料materialsscienceandengineering材料科学与工程materialsscience材料科学materialsengineering材料工程materialsscientist材料科学家materialsengineer材工程师synthesize

合成synthesissyntheticsubatomicstructure亚原子结构electronatom原子

电子nucleinucleusmolecule

原子核分子microscopicmicroscope

微观的显微镜

(完word版材料专业常用术英语单词表nakedeyemacroscopic

裸眼宏观的specimen

试样deformation

变形polishedreflectmagnitude

抛光的反射量级solidmaterials固体材料mechanicalproperties力性质load载荷force

力elasticmodulus弹模strength

强度electricalproperties电性质electricalconductivity导电性dielectricconstant介常数electricfield

电场thermalbehavior热学行为heatcapacity

热容thermalconductivity热导（导热性）magneticproperties磁学性质magneticfield

磁场opticalproperties光学性质electromagneticradiation电辐射lightradiation光辐射indexofrefraction折率reflectivity

反射率

(完word版材料专业常用术英语单词表deteriorativecharacteristics劣特性processingperformance

加工性能linear

线性的integratedcircuitchip集成电路片strengthductility

强度延展性deterioration

恶化，劣化mechanicalstrength机强度elevatedtemperature高温corrosivefabrication

腐蚀性的制造Unit2chemicalmakeup化学组atomicstructure原子结构advancedmaterials先进材料high—technology高术smartmaterials智能材料nanoengineeredmaterials纳工程材料metallicmaterials金属材料nonlocalizedelectrons游离电子conductorelectricity

导体电

(完word版材料专业常用术英语单词表heat热transparentvisiblelight

透明的可见光polishedsurfacelustrousaluminumsiliconaluminasilica

抛光的表面有光泽的铝硅氧化铝二氧化硅oxidecarbidenitridedioxide

氧化物碳化物氮化物二氧化物clayminerals

黏土矿物porcelain

瓷器cement

水泥mechanicalbehavior力行为ceramicmaterials陶瓷材料stiffnessstrengthhard坚硬

劲度强度brittlefracture

脆的破裂insulativeresistantresistance

绝缘的耐……的耐力，阻力，阻

(完word版材料专业常用术英语单词表molecularstructures分结构chain—like链状backbone

骨架carbonatomslowdensities

碳原子低密度mechanicalcharacteristics力特性inert

隋性synthetic（人工合成的fiberglasspolymeric

玻璃纤维聚合物的epoxy

环氧树脂polyester

聚酯纤维carbonfiber-reinforcedpolymercomposite碳纤维增强聚合物复材料glassfibermaterials玻纤维增强材料high-strength，lowstructuralmaterials高强度低密度结构材料solarcell

太阳能电池hydrogenfuelcell氢燃料电池catalyst

催化剂nonrenewableresource不再生资源Unit3periodictable(元素）周期表atomicstructure原子结构magneticoptical

磁学的光学的

(完word版材料专业常用术英语单词表microstructuremacrostructure

微观结构宏观结构positivelychargednucleus带正电的原核atomicnumber

原子序数proton

质子atomicweight

原子量neutron

中子negativelychargedelectrons带负电的电子shell

壳层magnesium

镁chemicalbonds

化学键partially—filledshells未电子壳层bond成键metallicbondnonmetalatomscovalentbond

金属键非金属原子共价键ionicbond

离子键Unit4physicalproperties物理性质chemicalproperties化学性质flammability

易燃性corrosionoxidation

腐蚀氧化oxidationresistance抗化性

(完word版材料专业常用术英语单词表vapor（vapour)蒸汽，气，汽melt熔化solidifyvaporizecondensesublime

凝固汽化，蒸发凝聚升华stateplasma

态等离子体phasetransformationtemperatures相变温度density

密度specificgravity比thermalconductivity热linearcoefficientofthermalexpansion线性热膨胀系数electricalconductivityandresistivity电导和电阻corrosionresistance抗蚀性magneticpermeability磁率phasetransformations相变phasetransitions相变crystalformsmeltingpointboilingpointvaporpressure

晶型熔点沸腾点蒸气压atm大气压glasstransitiontemperature玻璃化转变温度mass质量volume

体积perunitofvolume每位体积

(完word版材料专业常用术英语单词表theaccelerationof重力加速度temperaturedependent随温度而变的，与温有关的grams/cubiccentimeter克每立方厘kilograms/cubicmeter千每立方米grams/milliliter克毫升grams/liter

克每升poundspercubicinch磅每立方英寸poundspercubicfoot磅每立方英尺alcoholbenzenemagnetize

酒精苯磁化magneticinduction磁感应强度magneticfieldintensity磁场强度constantvacuum

常数真空magneticfluxdensity磁密度diamagnetic

反磁性的factor

因数paramagneticferromagnetic

顺磁性的铁磁性的non—ferrousmetals非铁金属，有色金属brassferrous

黄铜含铁的ferrousmetals含铁金属,黑金属relativepermeability相磁导率transformer

变压器，变换eddycurrentprobe涡探针

(完word版材料专业常用术英语单词表Unit5hardness

硬度impactresistance耐击性fracturetoughness断裂韧度，断裂韧性structuralmaterials结构材料anisotropicorientation

各向异性取向texture

织构fiberreinforcement纤维增强longitudinal

纵向transversedirection横向shorttransversedirection短横向afunctionof温度的函数，温度条件roomtemperature室温elongation

伸长率tension

张力，拉力compression

压缩bendingsheartorsion

弯曲剪切扭转staticloading

静负荷dynamicloading动载cyclicloading

循环载荷，周载荷cross—sectionalarea横截面

(完word版材料专业常用术英语单词表stress

应力stressdistribution应分布strain

应变engineeringstrain工应变perpendicularnormalaxis

垂直垂直轴elasticdeformation弹性形变plasticdeformation塑性形变qualitycontrol质控nondestructivetests无检测tensileproperty抗张性能，拉伸能Unit6lattice

晶格positiveions

正离子acloudofdelocalizedelectrons离域电子云ionizationmetalloidnonmetal

电离，离子化准金属类金属非金属diagonalline

对角线polonium

钋semi—metallowerleftupperright

半金属左下方右上方conductionband导带valenceband

价带

(完word版材料专业常用术英语单词表electronicstructure电子结构syntheticmaterials（人工）合成材料oxygenoxide

氧氧化物rust生锈potassium

钾alkalimetals

碱金属alkalineearthmetals碱金属volatile

活泼的transitionmetals过渡金属oxidize

氧化barrierlayer

阻挡层basicacidic

碱性的酸性的electrochemicalseries电化序electrochemicalcell电电池cleave

解理，劈开elemental

元素的，单质metallicform

金属形态tightly-packedcrystallattice密排晶，密堆积晶格atomicradiusnuclearcharge

原子半径核电荷numberofbondingorbitals成键轨道数overlapoforbital轨道能重叠crystalform

晶型planesofatoms原子面agasofnearlyfreeelectrons近自由电子气

(完word版材料专业常用术英语单词表freeelectronmodel自电子模型anelectrongas电子气bandstructurebindingenergy

能带结构键能positivepotential正势periodicpotential周期性势能bandgap

能隙Brillouinzone

布里渊区nearly-freeelectronmodel近由电子模型solidsolution

固溶体puremetalsduralumin

纯金属硬铝，杜拉铝Unit9purificationrawmaterials

提纯净化原材料discrete

离散的分散的iodine

碘long-chain

长链alkaneoxidenitridecarbidediamond

烷烃，链烃氧化物氮化物碳化物金刚石graphiteinorganic

石墨无机的

(完word版材料专业常用术英语单词表mixedionic-covalentbonding离子—共价混合键constituentatoms组原子conductionmechanism传导机制phononphotonsapphire

声子光子蓝宝石visiblelight

可见光computer—assistedprocesscontrol计机辅助过程控制solid—oxidefuelcell固体氧化物料电池sparkpluginsulator火花塞绝缘材capacitorelectrodeelectrolyte

电容电极电解质electronmicroscope电子显微镜surfaceanalyticalmethods表分析方法Unit12macromolecule

高分子repeatingstructuralunits重复结构单covalentbond

共价键polymerchemistry高分子化polymerphysics高子理polymerscience高子学molecularstructure分子结构molecularweights分子量longchains

长链chain—likestructure链状结构

(完word版材料专业常用术英语单词表monomerplasticsrubbers

单体塑料橡胶thermoplastic

热塑性thermoset

热固性vulcanizedrubbers硫化橡胶thermoplasticelastomer热塑弹性体naturalrubbers天橡syntheticrubbers合成橡胶thermoplastic

热塑性thermoset

热固性resin

树脂polyethylenepolypropylenepolystyrene

聚乙烯聚丙烯聚苯乙烯polyvinyl-chloride聚氯乙烯polyvinylchloridepolyester

聚乙烯的氯化物聚酯polyurethanepolycarbonate

聚氨酯聚碳酸酯nylon

尼龙acrylics

丙烯酸树脂acrylonitrile—butadiene—styreneABS树脂polymerization

聚合（作用）condensationpolymerization缩additionpolymerization加聚

(完word版材料专业常用术英语单词表homopolymercopolymer

均聚物共聚物chemicalmodification化改性terminologynomenclature

术语命名法chemist

化学家theNoblePrizeinChemistry诺尔化学奖catalyst

催化剂atomicforcemicroscope原子力显微镜（AFMUnit15compositemultiphasebulkphase

复合材料多相体相matrix

基体matrixmaterial基质材reinforcement

增强体reinforcingphase增相reinforcingmaterial加材料metal-matrixcomposite金属基复合材料ceramic—matrixcomposite陶瓷基复合材料resin-matrixcomposite树脂基复合材料strengtheningmechanism增强机理dispersionstrengthenedcomposite弥强化复合材料

(完word版材料专业常用术英语单词表particlereinforcedcomposites颗粒增强复合材料fiber—reinforcedcomposites纤维增强复合材料Unit18nanotechnology

纳米技术nanostructuredmaterials纳结构材料nanometernanoscale

纳米纳米尺度nanoparticle

纳米颗粒nanotubenanowirenanorodnanoonionnanobulbfullerene

纳米管纳米线纳米棒纳米葱纳米泡富勒烯sizeparameters尺参sizeeffect

尺寸效应criticallength临界长mesoscopic

介观的quantummechanics量子力学quantumeffects量效surfaceareaperunitmass单质量的表面积surfacephysicsandchemistry表物理化学substrategraphene

衬底，基底石墨烯chemicalanalysis化学分析

(完word版材料专业常用术英语单词表chemicalcomposition化学成分analyticaltechniques分技术scanningtunnelingmicroscope扫隧道显微镜spatialresolution空间分辨率deBrogilewavelength德布罗意波长meanfreepathofelectrons（电子）平均自由程quantumdot

量子点bandga