高考英语一轮复习UnitLanguage学案北师大版选修

PAGEPAGE18Unit19Language(一)阅读词汇——明其义、写其形第一组：明其义1．explicitadj. 明确的；清楚的2．transparentadj. 清晰易辨的；透明的3．ambiguousadj. 模棱两可的4．certificaten. 证书；证明5．competencen. 能力6．diploman. 毕业证书7．amateuradj. 业余的第二组：写其形1．nationwideadv. 全国性地2．attainvt. 达到；获得3．ensurevt. 确保，保证4．acceleratevi.&vt. 加速5．enlargevt. 扩大6．guaranteevt. 保证7．informvt. 告知；通知8．resemblevt. 像；与……相似9．merelyadv. 只；仅仅10．purchasevt. 购买11．fastenvt. 束紧12．registervt. 登记13．adequateadj. 足够的，充分的14．punctualadj. 准时的；守时的15．theoryn. 理论；学说16．regulationn. 规则17．adjustvt. 调节；调整(二)表达词汇——晓其变、通其用1．fluencyn．流利度，流畅度→fluentadj.流利的，流畅的→fluentlyadv.流利地2．accuracyn．精确度，准确度→accurateadj.精确的，准确的→accuratelyadv.精确地3．absencen．不存在；缺乏；缺席→absentadj.缺席的，不在场的4．acquisitionn．(语言)习得→acquirev．获取，得到5．surroundvt.环绕，围绕→surroundingadj.周围的→surroundingsn．环境6．adjustvt.调节；调整→adjustmentn．调节；调整7．congratulatevt.祝贺→congratulationn．祝贺8．negotiatevt.谈判；协商→negotiationn．谈判；协商9．offencen．冒犯；得罪→offendv．冒犯10．approvaln．赞成；赞许；批准→approvevt.赞成11．applicantn．申请人→applyvi.申请→applicationn．申请书12．embarrassvt.使窘迫→embarrassingadj.令人难堪的，令人窘迫的→embarrassedadj.窘迫的→embarrassmentn．窘迫，难堪(三)常用短语——多积累、准运用1．keep_in_mind 记住2．be_aware_of 意识到，觉察到，明白3．rely_on 依靠；依赖4．adjust_...to_... 调整……以适应……5．on_purpose 故意地6．regardless_of 不管；不顾7．on_the_other_hand 另一方面8．get_ahead 取得成功；获得进步9．take_the_form_of 以……的形式出现(存在)10．inform_sb._of_sth. 通知某人某事11．consist_of 由……组成/构成12．catch_on 学会；受欢迎13．congratulate_sb._on_sth. 就某事向某人祝贺14．I_bet 我肯定15．more_than 不仅仅；超过16．stand_out 出色；突出(四)经典句式——明特点、会仿用1．Itis/waspredictedthat...“据预测……”悟原句Itwaspredictedasearlyasthe1700sthatEnglishwouldonedaybethegloballanguageandthathasprovedtobethecaseinthelastfewdecades.背佳句(2018·天津高考满分作文)ItissaidthatyouhavehadagoodperformanceintheRoboticsCompetition,itwillbeofgreatimportancetousduetoyourrichexperienceinguidingtheroboticsskillcontest.2.whether...or...引导让步状语从句悟原句Qualityinputensuresqualityoutput,whetheritisspeakingorwriting.背佳句(2019·江苏高考满分作文)TherearedifferentopinionsonwhethertowearthetraditionalCvidedthat引导条件状语从句悟原句Thirdly,yousaythatthereisadiscountprovidedthatIpayinadvance.背佳句(2018·天津高考满分作文)Wearealsoverypleasedprovided(that)youcangiveyourvaluableadvicewhenyoureceivethetrainingprograminyouremail.1.由“surroundings”想到的①savings 积蓄②earnings 工资③belongings 所有物④greetings 问候的话⑤sufferings 痛苦，苦恼2.“故意地”相关词汇知多少①purposelyadv.②deliberatelyadv.③intentionallyadv.④bydesign⑤onpurpose3.前缀“en­”动词知多少①enlarge 扩大②ensure 确保，担保③enrich 使充实④enable 使能够⑤endanger 使……遭遇危险4.与“购物”相关的名词一览①purchase 购买②customer 顾客③consumer 消费者④discount 折扣⑤bargain 便宜货eq\a\vs4\al(巩固于训练上页记熟，本页练通；薄弱的考点，留待课堂重点攻坚)Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空1．Surrounded(surround)byalake,thebuildinglooksverybeautifulunderthelightsatnight.2．Iaskedthephotographertoenlarge(large)thepictureandthenhungitonthewall.3．Asamonitor,Iwouldkeepyouinformed(inform)ofwhathappenedintheclassroomeveryday.4．Whenachildisstudyingabroad,hemustlearntoadjusttoliving(live)onhisown.5．Heisalwaysabsentfromclass,andhisabsencemakeshisteacherangry.(absence)6．Hisembarrassingquestionsmademeembarrassedgreatly.Ifeltmyfaceburningwithembarrassment.(embarrass)7．Tellyourdoctortheaccuracyofthesymptomsothathecangiveyoutheaccuratetreatment.Ifyouarenottreatedaccurately,_you'llbeindanger.(accurate)8．Thankstoyourapproval,_andifyoudidn'tapproveofmyplan,Iwouldbefiredbytheemployer.(approve)9．Theheadmasterwrotealettertocongratulateheronhergoodperformanceandtheexcitingcongratulationsencouragedhergreatly.(congratulate)Ⅱ.介、副词填空1．Hestoppedtotrytoadjusthisvisiontothefaintstarlight.2．Ifyoukeepworkinglikethis,there'snodoubtthatyou'llgetaheadofothers.3．Anyone,regardlessofageorleveloffitness,canpracticeandbenefitfromTaiChi.4．Wewillneverbecomewhowewanttobeifwerelyoneveryoneelsetoqualifyus.5．Ithinkthisnovelwillcatchonwellafteritcomesout.6．Theythoughtsomeonewaspoisoningthepeopleonpurposebutnooneknewhowitwaspossible.7．Keepin_mindthatforgivenessdoesnotnecessarilymeanbecomingfriendsagainwiththepersonwhoupsetyou.8．Sheisthesortofpersonwhostandsoutinacrowd.9．Itconsistsofseveraldome­shapedlaboratories,similartotheonesimaginedforthefirstMarssettlers.10．Thecarislessthanayearold,andthereforestillunderguarantee.Ⅲ.选词填空1．congratulate/celebrate①Myunclesentmeacardtocongratulatemeonmyeighteenthbirthdayyesterday.②HereturnedhomeeachyeartocelebratetheSpringFestivalwithhisfamily.2．embarrassing/embarrassed①Iwastotallyembarrassed,_forImistookastrangerformynewneighbor.②Itwasanembarrassingsituation,butshemanagedtolaughitoff.Ⅳ.写出加蓝部分在语境中的含义1．Hegavemeaguaranteethatitwouldneverhappenagain. 保证2．Hewasn'tbadlyhurt—that'ssomethingtobethankfulfor. 高兴的3．①Hegavemeveryexplicitdirectionsonhowtogetthere. 清楚的②Shewasquiteexplicitaboutwhyshehadleft. 明确的4．①Youreallyhavetoexplainthisaboutyourabsence. 缺席②Intheabsenceofanyevidence,thepolicehadtoletMyersgo. 缺乏5．①Shedesperatelywantedtowinherfather'sapproval. 赞成；同意②Theplanwillbesubmittedtothecommitteeforofficialapproval. 批准6．WemustthinktwicebeforewedecidetomakeapurchaseontheInternet. 购买Ⅴ.完成句子1．Provided_that_you_learn_these_resources_by_heart,_youwillbenefitalotfromthem.(providedthat)只要你用心学习这些资源，你将会从中受益很多。2．Whether_you_like_it_or_not,_youhavetotakegoodcareofthehomelessdog.(whether...or...)不管你喜欢与否，你必须照顾好这只流浪狗。3．It_is_predicted_thatbytheendofthe21stcentury,halfoftheseplantandanimalspecieswillbegone.(Itispredictedthat...)预计到21世纪末，这些动植物物种中的一半将会消失。4．On_the_one_hand,_weshoulddevelopoureconomy;on_the_other_hand,_weshouldprotecttheenvironment.(ontheotherhand)一方面我们应该发展经济；另一方面我们应该保护环境。5．Itmadehisbossangrythathe_was_absent_from_the_meetingsomanytimes.(absent)他多次缺席会议使他的老板很生气。1．absencen．不在，缺席；缺乏，没有(1)absencefrom 缺席；离开absenceofmind 心不在焉inone'sabsence＝intheabsenceofsb. 在某人不在的时候(2)absentadj. 缺席的；茫然的absent­mindedadj. 心不在焉的beabsentfrom 缺席；不存在；缺少[演绎法练通]单句语法填空①Thelittlegirloftentakestheresponsibilitytolookafterheryoungbrotherintheabsenceofherparents.②Itisbecauseofalongabsence(absent)fromschoolthatIamabitbehindtheotherclassmates.③Hopefully，therobotlikehumanbeingswillhelpsomechildrenfeellesslonelywhiletheyareabsentfromclass.句型转换④Herabsencefromthemeetingcausedlotsofdoubts.→Thatshewas_absent_fromthemeetingcausedlotsofdoubts.⑤Heactedaschairmaninmyabsence.→Heactedaschairmanin_the_absence_of_me.完成句子⑥Themistakewasmadeduetohis_absence_of_mind.他因心不在焉才犯了这个错误。⑦Igot_somewhat_absent­mindedandmissedthelastpartofhisspeech.我有点儿心不在焉，没有听到他最后那段讲话。2．surroundvt.环绕，围绕；包围(1)surroundsb./sth.withsb./sth.用某人/某物包围某人/某物besurroundedby/withsb./sth. 被某人/某物包围(2)surroundingadj. 周围的，附近的surroundingsn. 周围的事物；环境[演绎法练通]单句语法填空①Theexperimentiscarriedouttoprovetheearthissurroundedby/withalayerofaircalledtheatmosphere.②WhenIheadedtowardthecentre,Ifoundmyselfsurrounded(surround)bybuildingsthatmirrorthebestpalacesofEurope.③Onlyifwetakegoodcareofthesurroundingtreesandriverscanweliveinmorecomfortableandbeautifulsurroundings.(surround)④Icametorealizethatthekeytosuccesslayintryingtosurroundmyselfwithcreativepeople.3．guaranteevt.保证；担保n.保证；保证书；抵押品(1)eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(guaranteesb.sth.,guaranteesth.tosb.)) 保证某人得到某物guaranteetodosth. 保证做某事beguaranteedtodosth. 必定做某事(2)underguarantee 在保修期内givesb.aguarantee(that...) 向某人保证(……)[演绎法练通]单句语法填空①Iguaranteeto_finish(finish)offmypaperontime,nomatterwhathappens.②Thiskindofbehaviourisguaranteedto_make(make)himangry.③Thecarisstillunderguarantee,soyoushouldbeabletogetitrepairedfreeofcharge.完成句子④Temporaryextensionoftwoyearswillguarantee_scientists_enough_time/guarantee_enough_time_to_scientists.临时延长两年将保证科学家有足够的时间。⑤Canyougive_me_a_guarantee_thattheworkwillbefinishedontime?你能向我保证工作会按时完成吗？[名师指津]如果表示“保证某人做某事”，不能用guaranteesb.todo...，只能用guaranteetodo...或guaranteethat...。如句②。4．adjustvt.调节；调整；整理vi.适应(1)adjustto 适应于adjuststh.tosth. 调整……以适应……adjustto(doing)sth. 适应于(做)某事adjustoneselfto... 使自己适应于……(2)adjustmentn. 调整，调节；适应makeanadjustment/adjustmentsto... 对……作出调整(3)adjustableadj. 可调节的，可调整的[针对训练]单句语法填空①Ifyouadjusttosomeone,thepersonwillbegintofeelthatyouarewithhimonthesamewave.②Withthecontinuouschangesofjobmarket,Imadeadjustments(adjust)tomyjobexpectationstimeandagain.③Youshouldadjustyourlanguagetotheageofyouraudience.④Achairwithadjustable(adjust)heightisbeneficialtoyourhealth.完成句子⑤Inthenewterm,moststudentsadjusted_themselves_to_their_new_environmentveryquickly.在新学期，大多数学生很快使自己适应了他们的新环境。⑥Iheardthatthecompanywouldmake_an_adjustment_toyoursalary.我听说公司将对你的薪金作出调整。[名师指津]在adjustto中，to为介词，后面要跟名词、代词或动名词。5．informvt.告知，通知(1)informsb.of/aboutsth. 通知某人某事informsb.that... 告知某人……(2)informedadj. 了解情况的；消息灵通的rmedofsth. 使某人知道某事(3)informationn． [U]信息[演绎法练通]单句语法填空①TheInternetkeepsusinformed(inform)ofwhatisgoingonaroundusatanytime.②Themainthingistoinformthepublicabout/ofitsothatpeoplelearnwhatisneededtobedone.③Infact,theaimofreadingistoexpresstheinformation(inform)youhavegotfromthetext.完成句子④Amonthago,ourteacherinformed_us_thatwewouldtakethetestonApril12th.一个月前，老师通知我们将会在4月12日考试。⑤Wetryandkeep_ourselves_informed_ofcurrenttrends.我们设法随时了解形势的发展。6．congratulatevt.祝贺；庆贺；恭喜(1)congratulatesb.on(doing)sth. 就(做)……向某人祝贺congratulateoneselfon(doing)sth. 感到自豪；暗自庆幸； 为自己高兴(2)congratulationn. 祝贺；恭喜offer/sendone'scongratulationstosb.(onsth.) (为某事)向某人表示祝贺[演绎法练通]单句语法填空①Themanagercongratulatedtheemployeesontheirgreatachievements.②Iwanttoexpressmysincerecongratulations(congratulate)onyoursuccess.完成句子/一句多译③Iheartilycongratulate_myself_onhavingsuchprofoundparents.我由衷地为自己有这么知识渊博的父母而感到高兴。我们祝贺你通过了高考。④Wecongratulate_you_on_your_passingtheCollegeEntranceExamination.(congratulate)⑤Weoffer_our_congratulations_to_you_on_your_passingtheCollegeEntranceExamination.(congratulation)[易混辨析]congratulate“祝贺；道贺”，只能用人作宾语，若要表明所祝贺的事情，后面要用on/upon连接，构成congratulatesb.on/uponsth.celebrate举行仪式、典礼的“庆祝”，只能用事(节日、胜利、成功等)作宾语7．resemblevt.像；与……相似单句语法填空/句型转换①Sheresembleshermotherincharacterbutnotinappearance.②Theresemblance(resemble)betweenthetwosignatureswasremarkable.③Lookingatthephotosthatyouhavepostedme,Iamamazedthathowcloselyyouaresimilartoafamousstarinappearance.→Lookingatthephotosthatyouhavepostedme,Iamamazedthathowcloselyyouresemble_a_famous_star_in_appearance.(1)resemblesb./sth.in...在……方面与某人/物相似(2)resemblancen.相似[归纳法记牢][名师指津]resemble不能用于进行时，也没有被动语态。8．embarrassvt.使窘迫，使尴尬；使为难(1)Itembarrasses/embarrassedsb.todosth. 做某事使某人窘迫(2)embarrassedadj. 难堪的，尴尬的beembarrassedat/about 对……感到为难/尴尬embarrassingadj. 令人困窘的(3)embarrassmentn. 困窘，难堪toone'sembarrassment 令某人感到困窘的是[演绎法练通]单句语法填空①Oneday,thisapproachthrewmeintoembarrassment(embarrass)．②Themoreembarrassing(embarrass)orshamefulthesecretis,thejuicierthegossipitmakes.③Hewasembarrassedat/aboutbeingthecentreofattention.④Hetoldaratherrudejoke,andeveryonepresentlookedembarrassed(embarrass)．完成句子⑤It_embarrassed_me_to_meettheyoungmanagain,forIhadmisunderstoodhim.再次见到这个年轻人让我感到尴尬，因为我误会过他。⑥Much_to_her_embarrassment,_sherealizedthateveryonewasstaringather.令她感到非常困窘的是，她意识到大家都在盯着她看。1．catchon学会；受欢迎，流行起来；(与to连用)理解；被接受[辨析法理清]辨清楚写出下列句中catchon的含义①Heisveryquicktocatchontothings.理解②Ifonlythisideacouldcatchon,weshouldbeabletomakequitealotofmoneyoutofit.被接受③Thenewdancequicklycaughtonamongtheyoung.受欢迎，流行起来理明白catch的相关短语归纳catchholdof抓住catchupwith赶上；缠上catchsightof看见catchone'sattention吸引某人的注意catchsb.doingsth.撞见某人做某事[针对训练]单句语法填空④IwastryingtodecidewhattodowhenIcaughtsightoftheadvertisementonaboard.⑤Onlyinthiswaycanwecatchupwiththemincomputertechnologyinthenearfuture.⑥ButI'mnotsureiftheyarewrittenwellenoughtocatchtheir(they)attention.⑦Catchholdofthisrope,andwe'llpullyouup.⑧Icaughtmyclassmatereading(read)myprivateletters.⑨Shedoesn'tseemtocatchonwhenpeopletrytotellherwhatotherpeoplemightbedoingtoher.2．onpurpose故意地；有意地完成句子①Iknowyoudidn'tbreakthevaseon_purpose.Don'tcry!我知道你不是故意打碎花瓶的。别哭了！②AnewscholarshipwascreatedbytheGraduateBusinessCouncilwith_the_purpose_ofhelpingstudents.研究生商业委员会设立了一个旨在帮助学生的新奖学金。③IremindmyselfoverandoverthatI'mworkingonlyfor_the_purpose_ofoneofmydreams.我一遍又一遍地提醒自己，我工作只是为了实现我其中一个梦想。forthepurposeof为了……，出于……目的withthepurposeof带着……的目的[归纳法记牢][名师指津]onpurpose意为“故意地；有意地”，介词用on；其反义词“偶然地，意外地”的表达有：byaccident,bychance,accidentally等。3．ontheotherhand另一方面完成句子①On_the_one_hand,_computersimprovetheworkingefficiency;on_the_other_hand,_theyalsobringaboutsomenewproblems.一方面，计算机提高了(人们的)工作效率；另一方面，也引起了一些新的问题。②First(ly),_thehighertheratingis,thebetterthequalityofgoodsandservicesare.Second(ly),_accordingtotherating,Icanquicklymakethechoice.首先，评级越高，商品和服务的质量就越好。第二，根据评级，我可以很快做出选择。③For_one_thing,_Icanhelptakecareofthechildren.For_another,_IcanimprovemyEnglish,makemorefriends,andenrichmylifeduringthesummervacation.一则，我能帮助照看孩子；二则，我能提高我的英语、交更多的朋友并丰富我在暑假期间的生活。(1)ontheonehand...ontheother(hand)...一方面……；另一方面(却)……(引出不同的，尤指对立的观点、思想等)(2)foronething...foranother...一则……；二则……(引出并列的理由)(3)first(ly)...second(ly)...第一……；第二……[归纳法记牢]4．whether...or...Qualityinputensuresqualityoutput,whetheritisspeakingorwriting.不管是说还是写，高质量的输入确保高质量的输出。用法规则(1)whether...or...引导让步状语从句，意为“不管是……还是……，不论……还是……”。(2)whetherornot意为“无论，是否”。(3)whethertodosth.(ornot)意为“是否做某事”，为“引导词＋todo”形式，常用来作动词宾语。注意事项(1)whether...or...既可以引导让步状语从句，又可引导名词性从句。(2)whethertodosth.ornot作宾语时，ornot可以省略。[针对训练]完成句子①_Whetherhedrives_or_flies,he'llbeontime.不管他开车来还是坐飞机来，他都将准时到达。②Everystudentshouldconsidertheirownsituationtochoosewhether_to_do_a_part­time_job_(or_not)．每个学生都应该考虑他们的自身情况来选择是否要做兼职工作。③Whether_we_will_go_there_or_nottomorrowdependsontheweather.我们明天是否去那里取决于天气。5．providedthat引导条件状语从句Thirdly,yousaythatthereisadiscountprovided_thatIpayinadvance.第三，你们说我只要预付就有折扣。此句中providedthat作连词用，引导条件状语从句，that可以省略，相当于providingthat。类似的连词有：suppose/supposing(that),given(that),assume/assuming(that)假如，如果onconditionthat如果，在……条件下as/solongas只要[针对训练]单句语法填空①Wewillbetherebefore10o'clock,provided/providing(provide)wedon'twastetime.②Given(give)Ihaveaknowledgeofcomputer,Iwon'ttroubleyouwithsuchsmallthings.③Theyagreedtolendusthecaronconditionthatwereturneditbeforetheweekend.一、在考题集训中查验单元语基(一)高考中的语法填空1．(2020·天津高考)Thelibraryisnowamultimediazone,loadedwithinformation(inform)inmanyformats(载体形式)．2．(2020·浙江高考)Thehungrybearfollowedhisnosetoourcamp,whichwas_surrounded(surround)byahighwirefence.3．(2019·天津3月高考)Eventhoughweliveinahigh­techage,it'sstillimpossibletopredicttheweatheraccurately(accurate).4．(2018·天津高考)Ittookhimalongtimeto_acquire(acquire)theskillsheneededtobecomeagooddancer.(二)高考中的阅读理解词类活用①(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Thebeautyofrereadingliesintheideathatourbondwiththeworkisbasedonourpresentmentalregister.n.记录②(2010·福建高考)Twothirdsofcustomerssaythatenvironmentalconsiderationsinformtheirpurchasestothesamedegreeastheydidayearago.n．购买的东西生词僻义(2013·天津高考)Thereisyetapopulationbesidesprofessionalandamateurstarobserversthatsuffersevenmorefromlightpollution.业余的(三)高考中的完形填空1．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Butourinsistingit's__45___awindowhaskeptthemfromattemptingmillionsofrequeststoopenthedoor.A．merely B．slightlyC．hardly D．partly解析：选A作者他们坚持说那只是一扇窗户，阻止了孩子们无数次试图开门的请求。merely“仅仅，只是”。故选A。2．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Inhisintroduction,hemadeitclearthatourcreditswouldbehard­earned.Inordertopasstheclass,amongothercriteria,wehadtowriteapaperonhowweplanto__51__whatwewouldlearninclasstoourfutureprofessionsand,eventually,toourlives.A．add B．exposeC．apply D．compare解析：选C联系空后的“toourfutureprofessions”可知，我们的论文是关于我们打算如何将所学的东西应用(apply)到未来的职业中。apply...to...“将……应用到……”，符合语境。add...to...“把……添加到……”；expose...to...“使……暴露在……”；compare...to...“把……比作……”。(四)高考中的写作1．(2019·浙江高考书面表达)Provided_that_praise_is_sincere_and_focused_on_the_effort_not_the_outcome,_you_can_give_it_as_often_as_possible_when_your_child_does_something_that_deserves_a_verbal_reward.(providedthat引导条件状语从句)如果表扬是真诚的，并且关注的是努力而不是结果，那么当你的孩子做了一些应该得到口头奖励的事情时，你可以尽可能多地表扬他。2．(2018·浙江高考书面表达)I've_l