人教版高中虚拟语气讲解及试题(附有答案)

虚拟语气讲解及练习一．非真实条件句的虚拟情况:句型条件从句主句对现在的虚拟were/didshould/would/could/might+v.对过去的虚拟haddoneshould/would/could/might+have+done对将来的虚拟1.were/did2.wereto3.should+v.Should/would/could/might+v.1.与现在事实相反的条件e.g.IfIwereyou,Iwouldgoatonce.IfIhadHIV,IwouldknowbecauseIwouldfeelsick.2.与过去事实相反e.g.Ifyouhadcomeafewminutesearlier,youwouldhavemethim.Ifshehadtoldhimaboutthedanger,hewouldnothavehurt.3.与将来事实相反e.g.Ifitweresunnytomorrow,Iwouldcometoseeyou.Ifheshouldfailintheexperimentthistime,hewouldtryagain.Ifweweretopanic(受惊,惊慌),weshouldnotbeabletohelp.4.混合时间条件句：主从句不一定用指同一时间的动词。即:假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致，叫做混合虚拟语气（错综条件虚拟语气）。主句和从句的谓语动词要依照假设的时间而定。e.g.Ifyou____thatlatemovielastnight,youwouldn’tbesosleepy.A.haven’twatchedB.didn’twatchC.hadn’twatchedD.wouldn’twatchedIfPaulhadreceivedsixmorevotesinthelastelection,hewouldbeourchairmannow.Iftheweatherhadbeenfiner,thecropswouldbegrowingstillbetter.Ifyouhadfollowedtheteacher’sadvice,youwouldn’tbeinthehospital.e.gIfIhadgonetoakeyuniversity,Iwouldearnmoremoneynow.5．含蓄条件句：有时假设的条件不通过条件从句表示而含蓄在介词短语或上下文中。(1)without和butfor(要不是)构成虚拟。e.gWithout(butfor)theparty,wewouldn’tbesohappy.Wemighthavediedwithoutyourhelp.=Wemighthavediedifyouhadn’thelpedus.(2)otherwise,or(否则，要不然)=if…not…e.g.Hestudiesveryhard,or/otherwisehecouldn’tstudysowell.Iwasbusylastweek,otherwiseIwouldhavecometoseeyou.=IfIhadnotbeensobusylastweek,Iwouldhavecometoseeyou.(3)ifonly后加句子…“要是……就好了”注意：“ifonly”e.g.IfonlyIcouldlearnEnglishinoneday.Ifonlyitwasn’training.IfonlyJimhadpassedtheexam.IfonlySamwouldreplytomyletter.6．假设虚拟条件倒装。条件从句中有shouid,were,had三个助动词，可以把if省略，并将这三个词提到句首IfIwereyou,Iwouldgiveitup.WereIyou,Iwouldgiveitup.Ifitwerenotforyouradvice,wecouldn’thavegotoverthedifficulties.Werenotforyouradvice,wecouldn’thavegotoverthedifficulties二．虚拟语气用于宾语从句中。现在：过去：未来：过去时（were现在：过去：未来：过去时（were/did）过去完成时(daddone)would/could/might+V.should(不常用)wish+(that)+主语+e.g.IwishIcouldbuyaspaceshipsomeday.Iwishthathewasn’tsolazy.TheexhibitionwassoboredthatIwishIhadnotgonetoit.现在：过去：未来：过去时过去完成时过去时2.wouldrather(that)+从句现在：过去：未来：过去时过去完成时过去时wouldrather(that)+主语+e.g.Iwouldratheryouhadgonethere.(与过去相反)你要是去那里就好了。Iwouldratheryoustayedathomenow.(与现在)IwouldratheryoucouldgotoAmericatomorrow.3.用于表示意愿,建议，命令，请求，提议等动词后的that宾语从句中，用(should)+动词原形,这类动词有:ask,advise,arrange(安排),beg,command,decide,demand,desire,determine,insist(坚持要求,硬要),intend,propose,object(反对),order,require,request,suggest(建议)…一个坚持，两个命令，三个建议，四个要求。即1.insist2.order,command3.advise,suggest,propose4.demand,require,request,desiree.g.Sheadvisedthatweshouldkeepthedoorlocked.Hesuggeststhatsheshouldleavethedangeroushouseatonce.Hisfacesuggestedthathewasangry.(暗示)Heinsistedthathewasinnocent.(坚称,坚持说)Heinsistedthatshe(should)showhimherpassport.三．用于主语从句中。（1）It’snecessary/strange/natural/important+that---Clause从句中的动词要用虚拟，即（should）+动词原形Eg.Itisimportantthatwe(should)masteraforeignlanguage.Itisstrangethatsherefusetocometotheparty.It’snecessarythatweshouldstudyhard.（2）It’s+apity/ashame+that—clause从句中的动词要用虚拟，即（should）+动词原形e.gIt’sapitythatIshouldmissthefilm.(3)It’s+p.p+that—clause从句中的动词要用虚拟，即（should）+动词原形，其中的p.p为建议，要求，命令的动词。如：insisted,ordered,requested,required,demandedetc.e.gItwasorderedthattheoldsickman(should)besenttothehospitalatonce.四．用于表语从句。主语为表示建议。要求，命令等的名词如：insistence,order,advice,suggestion,proposal,reqirement等e.gMysuggestionisthatEnglishtest(should)bereadaloudbystudentseverymorning.五．用于同位语从句e.gHissuggestionthatstudentsshouldwearschooluniformhasbeenagreed.现在:过去:将来:过去时过去完成时现在:过去:将来:过去时过去完成时过去将来时asif/though+主语+e.g.Youaretalkingasifyouhadseenthem.HespeaksEnglishasifhewereanEnglishman.Shelooksasifshewouldcry.主语+should+V.(should不能省略)主语+should+V.(should不能省略)主语+过去时Itis(about/high)timethate.g.Itistimethatyoushouldhaveaclass.=Itistimethatyouhadaclass.可该上课了(早该上课了，你怎么还不去?)Itistimeforyoutohaveaclass.该上课了.(上课的时间到了.)Itistimethatyoushouldleave.=Itistimeyouleft.八.应用举例:1.——Didyousubmit(递交）yourapplicationforaMaster’sdegree(硕士学位）？——Notyet.IfI_____toseemyfather,Iwouldhave.”A.didn’tgoB.haven’tgoneC.wouldn’thavegoneD.hadn’tgone2.——Whydidn’tTomgiveyouoneofhispaintings?——Ididn’twantone,buthewouldhavegivenmeoneifI____.A.DoB.wouldC.willD.had3.——Doyouthinkthethiefenteredthroughthegaragedoor?——No,ifhehad,Idon’tbelieve_____brokenthelivingroomwindow.WouldhehaveB.hehadC.hewouldhaveD.hehas4._______I’dhavetoldyou.A.IfIwouldhaveknownitB.IfIhadhaveknownitC.HadIknowitD.ShouldIknowit5.I____comeyesterday,butIcouldn’t.A.wastohaveB.mustC.oughtD.haveto6.——Itisraining,andIhavenoumbrella.——Here’smine,andIinsist____it.A.youtotakeB.thatyoutakeC.thatyoutakingD.youtaking7.Theprofessorgaveordersthatthetest____before5:30.A.befinishedB.willfinishC.willbefinishedD.shallfinish8.Imustgothereearlier.JohnhassuggestedthatI_____anhourbeforethediscussionbegins.A.goB.shallgoC.willgoD.wouldgo9.Ididn’tgototheparty,butIdowishI____there.A.WasB.wereC.hadbeenD.went10.Shespeaksasifshe____onthespot.A.wasB.wereC.hadbeenD.is11.IfI______tenyearsyounger,I_____veryhappy.A.were,wouldbeB.am,shallbeC.were,shallbeD.am,wouldbe12.——Youcanaskyourbrotherforhelp.——Heisnotathome.Ifhe____,I_____.A.is,wouldB.were,wouldC.is,willD.were,will13.Ifyou____thedoctor’sadvice,youwouldhavealreadyrecovered.A.followB.followedC.wouldfollowD.hadfollowed14.Ifhehadnotmissedthetrain,he_____bythen.A.mightgetB.mighthavegotC.gotD.hadgot15.Whatwouldyouhavedonelastnight,ifyou_____towriteyourhomework.A.hadn’tB.haven’thadC.didn’thaveD.hadn’thad16.Whydidn’tyoutellhimthetruth?IfI_____you,Iwouldhave.A.wereB.hadbeenC.amD.wouldbe17.Ifyou_____earlytomorrowmorning,youwouldbetherebynoon.A.havestartedB.werestartedC.weretostartD.hadstarted18.—Itwasthedrug，notthedisease，thatkilledtheboy.—Hewouldbestillalivetodayifhe________thatdrug.A.nottake

B.shouldn’thavetakenC.didn’ttake

D.hadn’ttaken18.Simonlooksasthoughhenever___asquaremeal(吃得饱),thoughhisparentsfeedhimverywell.A.getB.gettingC.gotD.shouldget20.–HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?--No,butIwishI___.A.haveB.willC.doD.had21.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit＿＿＿＿.A.breaks

B.hasbroken

C.werebroken

D.hadbeenbroken22.(2002上海高考题)ItishardformetoimaginewhatIwouldbedoingtodayifI________inlove，attheageofseven，withtheMelindaCoxLibraryinmyhometown.A.wouldn’thavefallen

B.hadnotfallenC.shouldfall