2023年6月英语四级真题及答案解析第二套

2０23年6月英语四级真题第二套(文字版整理）PartIWｒitｉｎg(30mｉnuｔｅs)Dirｅctions：Ｆorthｉｓｐarｔ,yｏuaｒeallowｅd3０mｉnuteｓtowriｔｅａletｔeｒtoｅxprｅssyｏurthankstoｏｎeofｙoｕｒscｈooｌteaｃhersuponentｅringcolｌｅge.Ｙｏushouldｗｒiteatlｅaｓt１20wordsbutｎomorｅｔhaｎ１80wｏrds.PａｒtIIIReadiｎｇCｏmpｒehenｓiｏｎ(40minuｔes)SecｔionADirｅctionｓ:Inthisｓｅｃtｉon，ｔhｅreｉsapａsｓagewitｈｔenbｌanks．Youarereqｕiredｔoｓｅlecｔonewordｆoｒeachbｌanｋfｒomａliｓｔofchoiｃesgiveninawoｒdｂａnkｆollowingｔｈepassagｅ.Contrarytｏｐｏpｕｌａｒbelｉｅf,ｏldeｒpeoplegeｎeralｌyｄonoｔｗanttoliveｗiththeiｒchｉldren.Morｅoｖｅｒ,ｍosｔadultchiｌｄreｎ_____(2６)evｅrybitａsmuchcａreａｎdsupporttotheiragingpａｒentsasｗasthecaseiｎthe"gooｄolddａｙｓ＂，aｎdrｏosｔolderpｅopleｄoｎotfeeｌ_＿__＿（2７）．Aｂouｔ80%ｏfｐeoｐle6５yeaｒsａnｄoldeｒｈａveliｖingchiｌｄren，ａndabout90%ofthemhave_＿___(28)ｃｏntactwiｔhthｅirchｉｌdｒeｎ.About7５％ofelderlｙparenｔｓwhoｄon'tgｏtｏnursinghomesｌivｅwithｉn30minｕtesｏｆatleａstｏneofthｅｉｒｃhildren.However,＿___＿（29）hａvingｃontacｔwｉtｈchｉｌｄｒendoesnotｇuａrａnteeｈappinessｉnｏｌdage.Inｆact,somerｅseａrｃｈhａsfｏｕｎdtｈａtpeｏplewhoaremostｉnｖolvｅdwiｔhtｈeirfamilieshavethｅlowestspirｉts.Thiｓreｓeａｒchmaybe＿_＿__(3０）,hｏwever,aｓilｌｈeａｌｔhoftenmaｋesolｄｅｒpeｏpleｍore_____(3１)andｔheｒebyinｃreaseｓcｏntacｔwｉtｈfａmilymembers.Soｉtｉsmorelｉkelytｈatpoｏｒhｅaｌth,notjuｓｔfamiｌyｉｎvｏlvemeｎt,__＿__(３2)spiｒits．Incｒeasｉｎgly,rｅｓeａｒｃhershavebegｕntolｏoｋａttheqｕalｉtｙofｒｅｌａtｉoｎsｈips,ratheｒthanatthefｒeｑuenｃｙofcontact,ｂetwｅentｈeelｄeｒlｙandtｈｅirｃhｉｌdrｅｎ.Ifpaｒeｎtsaｎdｃhｉｌdrensharｅｉnterestsａndvaluesａｎｄａgreｅｏｎchildrearinｇprａctｉcｅsandｒｅlｉgioｕs_____(３3)theyaｒeliｋｅｌytoenjoyeachotｈer'ｓcomｐany.Ｄiｓａgreemeｎtsｏnsuchmａtｔerｓcan_＿___(34)caｕseprｏbｌems.Ifparentsａreangeｒｅdbytheirdaｕghtｅr'sdivoｒce,dislikeｈerｎeｗhuｓbanｄ,ａnddisapprｏｖeofhowｓheisｒaｉｓinｇtheｉｒｇrａｎdchildrｅn,____＿(35)areｔｈattheyarenoｔgoinｇｔoenjoyherviｓits.Ａ.ａbaｎdonｅdB.aｄｖａncedＣ.biaｓedＤ．chaｎcｅsE．ｃommｉｔmｅｎtF.dampenｓG．depenｄｅnｔH.diｓｔantI.ｆrｅquｅntJ.ｆulｆillmｅntＫ．grａｎtL．ｍerｅlyM．pｒｏｖｉｄｅＮ．underｓtandａｂｌｙO.unｒealisticａllyＳecｔiｏnB

Diｒections:Inｔhiｓsｅｃtion,youａrｅgoingtorｅａdapaｓsagｅｗithtenstaｔementsaｔtachedtｏit.Ｅaｃhstatemenｔcｏnｔaiｎsinｆorｍaｔioｎgiｖeninoｎeofthepaｒagraphs.Ｉdenｔifythepaｒagraｐhfrｏmwhichtheｉnfoｒｍａtｉonｉｓｄerived.Yoｕmaｙchooseａpａragrapｈmorｅｔhanoｎcｅ.Eａchｐaｒagｒａpｈismarｋedwｉthaｌettｅr.AnswｅrtｈeqｕeｓｔionsｂｙｍarkｉngthecoｒｒesｐondinｇｌetｔeronAnｓwerSｈｅet2.CouldＦooｄShoｒtageｓBringDownCivｉliｚation?ﻫ[A]ＦoｒmaｎyyｅaｒｓIhaveｓtudiedｇlｏｂaｌagricuｌtural，popｕlatｉon,enｖｉronmenｔaｌaｎdeｃonｏmictｒeｎｄeraｃtiｏns．Theｃombｉnedeffectsｏfｔhosetreｎdsａｎdthepoｌiticａｌtensionsｔheygenｅｒatepointｔothebreakｄownoｆｇoverｎｍenｔsandｓocｉｅties.YetI,ｔｏｏ，hａvｅrｅsiｓtｅｄtｈｅｉｄeａthaｔfooｄshｏrtagescｏuldbｒｉngｄownnotｏnlyindividuaｌgovernｍentsbutaｌｓooｕｒｇloｂａｌｃivilizatｉｏn.

[B]Icannolonｇerｉgnoｒetｈaｔｒisk.Ｏｕrcｏntｉｎuiｎgｆailｕretodｅalwiｔhｔheenviｒｏｎmｅntaldeclinesthａｔaｒeunderminingthewoｒldfoodeｃｏnomyforcｅsmetoconcｌｕdethatsuｃhａｃoｌlapseiｓpossｉｂle.

[C]Ａsdemandｆorfoｏdriseｓfasterthａｎｓｕppliesaregroｗｉnｇ，tｈeresｕltiｎgfood-ｐrｉceinflaｔionpｕtsｓevereｓtreｓｓonｔｈｅｇovernmenｔsofmanｙcｏuntries.Unａｂletobｕyｇraiｎorgrｏwtheiｒown,hunｇｒypeｏpleｔaｋeｔotｈeｓｔreｅts.Indeｅｄ,evｅnbefｏreｔhesteｅｐclimbiｎgｒａinｐricｅsin2０23,thenuｍbｅｒoｆfaiｌｉngｓtatｅswaｓexpandiｎg.Iｆthefooｄsituatｉｏncontiｎｕesｔoｗorｓen,entirenａｔｉonswillbｒｅakdｏwnａｔanevｅrincreａｓｉｎｇrate．Inthe20thcentｕｒytｈemaｉｎｔｈreattointｅｒnatiｏｎalsecuｒitywａｓsupｅrpowercｏnflｉct;toｄayitisｆaｉlingstatｅｓ.ﻫ[D]Sｔａtesfailwheｎｎａtｉonalgovernｍentscａnnolongｅｒprｏｖideｐｅrｓｏnａlｓｅcｕrｉty,foodｓecurityａndｂasicsociａlｓeｒvｉceｓsuchaseducatｉonaｎdheａlthｃaｒe.Whｅｎgｏvernmentｓｌｏseｔheircontrolｏｎｐoweｒ,laｗandoｒｄeｒbegｉntodisintegrate.Afteraｐｏinｔ，countriesｃanbeｃoｍesodaｎｇｅrousthatfoodreliｅｆｗorkeｒsarenolｏngersafeａｎdｔheｉrprｏgramsareｈａltｅd.Failｉｎgｓtatesａreｏｆinteｒnaｔｉonａlconｃｅｒnbecausｅtheyareasourｃeoftｅｒroｒists,drugs,weaｐonｓａndrｅｆuｇｅes(难民),ｔhｒｅａｔenｉngpolｉtiｃaｌstａｂilityｅverｙwhere.

[E]Thesurgeiｎｗorｌdgrainｐricesin２023anｄ2０2３—anｄｔｈethreａtthｅyｐｏseｔofoodsecuｒity——hasaｄiffｅreｎt,moreｔroｕｂｌｉｎｇqualiｔytｈaｎｔheincreasｅsoftheｐａst.Durinｇtｈesecondofｔhe２０thcenｔury，grainpriｃｅsrosedramaticallｙseｖerａltiｍes.In1972,forinｓtaｎｃe,tｈｅSoviｅtｓ.Irecogniｚiｎgｔheirpoｏrｈaｒvesteaｒly,qｕietlycoｒｎeredｔheｗｏrldwhｅatmarｋet.Asaresult,wheatprｉceselsｅwhereｍoｒethaｎdoubled,ｐuｌlｉngricepricesuｐwｉthtｈem．Bｕtthisandｏtherpriｃeshｏｃｋｓｗｅrｅｅｖｅnｔ-ｄriｖen——ｄrｏugｈtinthｅSoｖiｅtUｎion,cｒop－ｓｈrｉnkｉngheatintheU.S.CｏrnBelt.Ａndtheｒｉsesweｒeshorｔ-lived:pｒiｃesｔyｐicaｌlyreturneｄtonorｍａｌwｉththｅneｘtharvｅｓt.

[F]Ｉnconｔrast,reｃeｎtsurgeiｎｗoｒldgraiｎpricｅsｉstrenｄ-ｄriveｎ，ｍaｋiｎgｉtunlｉkelｙtoｒevｅrsｅｗithoｕtaｒｅｖersａlｉnthetｒenｄsｔhemselveｓ．Oｎthedemａndsiｄe,ｔhoｓetrendsinｃluｄeｔhｅonｇoiｎgadditionofｍoｒetｈａn７0milｌionｐeopleaｙｅａr,ａｇroｗingnｕｍbeｒoｆｐeopｌewanｔingtomoveupthefoodchaｉnｔoconsumｅｈｉghlｙgrain－intensiveｍｅatproｄuctｓ,ａnｄtheｍaｓsivedｉｖersion(转向)ｏｆU.Ｓ.graintoｔhepｒｏductionofｂｉo－fｕel.ﻫ[G]Ａsiｎcomeｓriseａmongloｗ-ｉｎcｏmecoｎsｕmｅrｓ,thepotentｉalforfｕｒthｅrgｒaincｏnsumｐtｉonｉshｕgｅ.Bｕtthａtｐotentｉａｌpaｌeｓbeｓidetｈenever－enｄiｎｇdemaｎdforcroｐ-baｓeｄfuels．Afｏuｒｔhofthisyeaｒ＇ｓU.S.grａinhａｒｖeｓｔwｉllgｏtｏfｕelcars．

[H]Whataｂoutｓupply?Ｔｈethrｅeenviｒoｎmenｔａltrｅnds——thｅshoｒtageoffｒeshｗatｅr,ｔheｌossoｆｔopsoｉｌandｔhｅrisinｇteｍperatｕrｅs——ａｒemａkｉnｇitiｎｃreaｓinglyｈａrｄｔoexpandｔhewoｒld'sｇｒainｓuppｌｙfastenougｈtokeeｐupｗitｈdeｍand.Ofaｌlthoｓetｒenｄs，howevｅr,ｔhespreadｏfwateｒshoｒtageｓposesthemosｔimmeｄｉaｔｅthrｅat.Thebiggｅstchallｅngehereisirrｉｇatｉon，ｗhichcoｎsuｍeｓ7０%ｔｈeworld'sｆresｈwａter.Milｌionsｏｆirｒiｇaｔｉoｎweｌlｓiｎmanycｏuｎｔriesareｎｏwpｕmpiｎgwateroｕtofｕndｅrｇroundｓourcｅsfasterｔｈａnｒaiｎｆallｃaｎｒefillｔhem.Theresuｌtiｓｆallingwaｔeｒｔables(地下水位)incounｔriesｗithｈaｌfthewｏｒlｄ'speoｐle，ｉncludingthethrｅeｂiｇｄｕｃｅrｓ——Chｉｎa，IndiaandtheU．S．ﻫ[Ｉ］Aswatｅrｔabｌeｓhａvefallenandirｒigatiｏnｗellshａvegonedｒｙ,Ｃhiｎa'swｈeatｃrｏp,tｈeworld＇slargest,hasdecliｎedｂy8%sinceitｐeakedat1２3ｍillioｎtonsin1９９７．BuｔwatershorｔagｅsaｒeevｅnmorｅworryinｇinIndia．Ｍillioｎsｏｆiｒrｉgatｉｏｎwellｓhａvesｉgnifｉｃaｎｔｌyloweｒedｗateｒｔａblｅsinaｌmosteｖeryｓtate．ﻫ[J]Ａsｔhewoｒｌd'sｆｏｏｄsecurｉtyfallsｔoｐieｃeｓ,indｉvｉdualｃountｒiｅsacｔiｎgiｎtｈeｉｒoｗnｓelf－interesｔaｒｅａctｕalｌyworsenｉnｇtｈｅｔｒｏublesｏｆmａｎy.Theｔrenｄbeganin2023，whenlｅadingwheaｔ-eｘpｏrtｉngｃoｕntriessucｈａsRｕｓsiaａnｄArgentｉｎalimiｔedorbａnｎedtｈeirexpｏｒtｓ,inhopesｏfincreasinｇlocａlfoｏdsuppliesａndtｈeｒｅbyｂrｉｎｇingdowndｏmestｉcfｏodpｒices．Vietｎambannedｉtｓexportsfｏrsｅｖeｒaｌｍｏnthsfｏｒｔheｓamerｅasoｎ．Sｕｃhmｏvesmａｙｅliminatetｈefｅarsofｔｈoｓelivｉngiｎtheｅxpｏrtiｎgcouｎtriｅs，buttheyareｃreaｔingｐａｎiｃｉnimpｏrtinｇcｏｕｎtriesthatｍｕsｔrｅlyｏnwhatｉstｈenleftｆoｒexporｔ.ﻫ[K]Inｒｅsｐonsetｏｔhoserｅstriｃtiｏns，ｇrａin－impｏｒｔｉngcountriesaretryingｔｏnaildｏwｎlong-termｔｒａdeagreｅｍenｔsｔhａtｗoｕldlｏckｕpfutｕｒｅｇrａinsupplｉes.Fｏod－importanxiｅtyisｅｖenｌeadingtoneweffortsbyfood-ｉmｐｏrtiｎgcountriestobuyｏrleaｓefarmlandinothｅrcｏuｎtries.Iｎspiteofｓｕchtemporaｒｙｍeasures，soａringfoｏdpｒiｃｅsａｎdspreaｄinｇhungeriｎmanｙotｈｅrｃｏuntrｉeｓarebｅgiｎｎｉｎｇtｏbｒｅakdownthesｏｃialoｒｄｅr．

［L]Ｓinｃetheｃuｒｒentｗorldfooｄshoｒtaｇeistrend-ｄｒiven,tｈｅｅnｖironｍenｔａltrendsthａｔcａuseitmustberevｅrｓeｄ.Weｍｕstｃｕtｃarｂonemissiｏｎsby80%ｆromｔheir2023leｖelsby２02３,stabiｌｉzeｔheｗorld'sｐｏpulatｉonateiｇhtbｉllionby2040,ｃｏmｐlｅtelyrｅmovepoveｒｔy,aｎｄresｔoreforeｓtsandsoｉlｓ.Thereiｓnotｈiｎｇnewabｏutｔhefｏuｒobjeｃtiｖes.Iｎdeed,weｈａvｅｍadeｓubstantialproｇrｅssinsomepartsofthｅｗorlｄonatleａｓtｏnｅoftheｓｅ——thedistributionｏffamily-plaｎniｎｇｓｅrvｉcesａnｄｔheaｓsｏciａｔeｄsｈifttｏsmallerｆamiliｅs．ﻫ[Ｍ]Foｒmanyinｔheｄeｖelopmｅｎtｃomｍunｉｔｙ，ｔhefourobjectiｖesｗereseeｎａsｐosiｔiｖe，promｏtｉｎｇdevelopmentasｌoｎgastｈeyｄidnｏtcosttoｏmuｃｈ.Otherssａwtｈeｍasｐoliｔicallycoｒrectａｎdmoｒaｌlyapproｐｒｉaｔe.Nowaｔhiｒdａｎdfarmoｒesｉgniｆiｃantmｏtivatｉonpresentｓitｓelf:meｅtｉｎgthｅｓegoalsmaｙnecesｓａrytopｒeｖｅnｔthecollapseofouｒcivilizaｔioｎ．Yｅｔthecｏstweprojeｃｔforsaｖｉngcｉvilｉzaｔionwouldａmounttｏlessthan$200biｌｌioｎayeａr,1／６ofcuｒrentgｌｏbalmｉlitaｒysｐeｎding.Iｎeffect,ourｐｌanisｔｈenewsecuritybuｄgｅｔ.Ｔhemoreｒeｃentsteｅpcｌimbinｇｒainprｉcｅsｐartlyresultｓfｒomｔｈefacｔthatmoｒeaｎｄmoｒeｐeｏpｌewａnttoconｓｕmｅｍｅaｔproｄucts.

37．Socialorderisbreａｋｉnｇdownｉnmanycountrｉesbecａuseoffoodsｈortaｇeｓ.

38.Rａｔｈerthａnｓuperpowerｃoｎflｉｃt,coｕntｒｉesuｎａｂlｅtｏcopｅwitｈfｏodshｏrtagesnowconｓtitutethemaiｎthrｅａttoｗoｒldsｅｃurｉty．

39.Somepaｒtsｏfｔhewｏrｌdhaveseｅnsucｃesｓfulimpｌemeｎtationoffamilｙｐlaｎning.ﻫ40.Ｔｈeauthorhａsｃometoａgreeｔhatｆoodsｈｏrtagｅscouldultiｍatelyleaｄtothecollaｐseofｗｏｒldciｖｉlｉzatiｏn.

４1.Increａsinｇwaterｓhortａgesproｖetｏbｅthｅbiggestobstaｎｔetoｂoｏsｔｉngthewｏrlｄ＇sgrａｉnproduction．ﻫ４2.Theｃostforsavingouｒcｉvilizationｗouldbｅconsiderａblylｅsｓthａｎthewｏrld'scｕｒｒentmiｌitaｒyspeｎｄing.

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