2023年12月四级真题及答案第2套

２023年1２月大学英语四级考试真题（第2套)PａrtⅠＷriting(３0minｕｔｅｓ）Direcｔions:Forthｉsparｔ,yoｕareallowｅｄ3０minuｔestｏｗrｉｔeａshｏrtｅｓsａybａsedontｈepｉctｕrｅbelow.Yｏusｈouldstarｔyourｅssaywiｔhabrｉｅfaccountoftheincreasingusｅofｔhｅmｏｂilｅpｈoneinpｅople’ｓlｉfeandthｅnexplaｉntheconsequｅncesofovｅruｓｉngit.Ｙｏushouldwriteaｔleaｓt120woｒdsbuｔnｏmoｒethan１80words．注意:此部分试题请在答题卡１上作答。ＰartⅡLisｔeｎingComprehenｓｉon(30minutes）SecｔionADirections:Inthissectioｎ,yｏuwillheaｒ8shｏrtcｏnversationsaｎd2ｌoｎgconversatioｎｓ.Ａttｈeenｄofｅａcｈcｏnvｅrsatioｎ,oneormorequesｔiｏnsｗｉllbeaｓｋｅdaboｕtwhatｗassaid.Bothｔｈecoｎｖｅrsatiｏｎanｄｔhequestionsｗｉlｌbespoｋeｎoｎlyｏnce.Ａｆteｒeaｃhquｅｓtiｏnｔherｅwillbeapaｕｓe.Durｉngtheｐaｕse，youmustreadｔhefouｒchoicｅsmarｋedA)，Ｂ）,C）andＤ）,aｎｄdecidewｈｉchｉｓthebestanswer．TｈenmarkｔｈecoｒrｅｓｐoｎdingletterｏｎAnswｅｒＳheet1withasｉngｌｅliｎethroughｔｈｅcｅntre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。1.Ａ)Gotｏａpｌacｅhehasvisitｅd．C)Consuｌtatｒavelagｅnt.Ｂ)Mａkeherowｎaｒrangements.Ｄ)Ｊｏinｉnaｐacｋagetouｒ.２.A)Thｅyａrｅonaｌongｔripbyｃａr．C）Tｈeyａreuｓｅdtogetｔinguｐeａｒly.B)Theyａrestｕckｉnatrafｆｉcｊaｍ.Ｄ)Ｔｈeyaretｉredofｅａtingoutａtｎight.3.A)Ｈｅｉsapersondｉfｆiｃultｔoｄｅalｗｉth.C)Hｅisunwiｌlingtｏsｐeａｋinpubｌic.B)Heｄisｌikesａｎyformａｌgatｈerinｇ.D)Ｈｅoｆtｅnkeepsadistaｎcｅｆｒoｍotｈerｓ.4.A)Workｉｎanothｅrdｅpartmenｔ．C)Reｃrｕitｇrａduaｔｅstuｄents.Ｂ）Pｕrｓueｆurthｅreducation.Ｄ）Takｅanaｄminisｔratiｖejob.5．A)Ｈewoｕｌdnotｂeａｖailabｌｅｔosｔaｒttｈejobiｎｔiｍe.Ｂ)Heiｓnotquiteqｕalifiedfｏrtheａrtｄirectorposition.C）Hewｏuldliｋetoｌeaveｓomemoretimeｆorhｉmseｌf.D)ＨewillgｅthisappｌiｃaｔionlettｅrｒeaｄybeforeMａy1．6.A)Cｌeaner．Ｂ)Mecｈaｎic.C)Poｒtｅｒ.D)Sａｌｅsman.7．A）Requeｓtoneｏrtworｏommatesｔodotｈｅcleａning.B）HelpLaurawitｈherterｍpａpeｒduethiｓweeｋend.C)GｅｔＬａuraｔｏcleaｎtheaｐaｒｔmeｎtｈｅrsｅlfthistimｅ.D)AskLauratoｐuｔoffｔhecｌeanｉｎguｎtilaｎoｔherweｅk.８．Ａ)Aｐrobleｍcauｓedbytｈeconstrｕｃtｉｏn．Ｃ)Thebｕiｌdingprojecttheｙareworkｉngon．Ｂ)Aｎaccidｅｎtthatoｃcurreｄonthｅbriｄｇｅ．Ｄ)Ｔｈepubｌictrａnｓportａtioｎcｏｎdｉtioｎs.Questions9to11arｅbasｅdoｎtｈeconversationyouhaｖｅjustｈearｄ．９.A)Ｔolookｆｏrajobasasaleｓpeｒｓｏn.C）Ｔoplaｃｅａnoｒdeｒforｓoｍeproｄuｃtｓ．B）ＴｏhavｅatalｋwithMiｓｓTｈomｐｓon.D)Ｔｏｃomｐlainａboutafaｕltyappｌｉａnce.10.A）Ｔheｐｅrsｏnｉnchargeisnotiｎｔhｅofｆice.B)Ｔhｅsuｐpliｅsaｒｅoｕtofstocｋfoｒtｈｅmomenｔ.Ｃ)Theyｆａiｌedtoｒｅａchａｎａgrｅｅmenｔontheｐｒiｃe．D)Thecoｍpａnyｉｓre－cａｔaｌoguingtheiteｍｓ．11.Ａ)0７43，125３6exｔenｓiｏn15.Ｃ)0７3４,3８750extｅnｓion15.B）０7３4，216５3exteｎsiｏn51.D）0７43,６2１３５exteｎｓｉon51．Queｓtioｎs12tｏ１5arebａsedonｔheｃoｎvｅrｓatiｏnyouｈaveｊustｈearｄ.1２．A)Ｓincehefｏundagiｒlｆrｉenｄ.C)Siｎｃehebegantoexerｃisereguｌaｒly．B）Ｓｉｎｃeｈｅtooktoheavysmoking.D)Sｉncehestａｒtｅdｔoｌｉｖeoｎhisown.13.Ａ)Heisｇeｔtiｎｇtoofａｔ.Ｃ)Ｈedoesｎ’ｔeatvegetables.Ｂ)Hesｍｏkestooｍuｃｈ.D）Heｄoｅsn’ｔlｏokwelｌatall.1４.Ａ)Theyａreｏvｅｒweightfortheiｒａｇe．C)Theyaｒestillinｔheiｒeaｒlytwenties.B)Ｔhｅｙareresｐｅcｔfuｌtotheirpaｒｅｎtｓ.D）Theydisliｋｅdｏingphyｓiｃaleｘeｒcisｅ.15.A）Toquｉtsmoking.C)Tofindaｇiｒlfｒiｅnd．B)Tｏrｅduｃeｈｉsweighｔ.Ｄ)Tofollowheｒadviｃｅ.SeｃtioｎＢDｉrections:Inthissection，youwilｌheaｒ３ｓhortpassａｇes．Aｔtheｅndofeaｃhpassage,yｏｕwillhearｓomequestｉonｓ.Botｈthepassageaｎdｔhｅquestioｎswiｌlｂespokｅnonlyonce.Afterｙouhｅaｒａｑｕｅｓtｉoｎ,ｙouｍｕｓｔcｈoosｅｔhebestaｎｓwerfromthefoｕrchｏicesmarkedＡ),Ｂ),C)andD）.ThenmarkthecｏrresponｄinｇｌｅtteronAnsｗｅrSｈeet１withａｓinｇlelinetｈroughｔheceｎｔre.注意:此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。ＰａｓsageOneＱｕestiｏns16tｏ19arebaseｄonｔhepassageyouhaｖejuｓthｅaｒd．16．A）Ｔｈｅyhaｖeｄeｓtrｏｙedseverａｌsｍalltｏwns.Ｃ)Theｙhaveiｎjｕredmanｙｒesｉｄenｔs．B)TheywｉｌlsoonspｒeadｔoＳaｎFrａｎcisco.D)Theyaｒｅbｕrｎｉnｇoutｏfｃontrｏl．17.A）Tｈeyhａvｅbeeｎhｏｓpitalｉzｅd．B）Thｅｙhaveｇｏｔｓｋinprｏblｅms．C)Theｙwerｅchokeｄbyｔhetｈicksmoke．Ｄ)Theyｗerｅpoisoneｄｂyｔｈｅｂurninｇchemicalｓ.１8.A）Itfailｅdbecausｅｏｆaｓｕddｅnrocketｅｘｐloｓion.B)Ithasｂeenｒe-sｃｈeduledforaｍiddayｔakeoｆｆ.Ｃ)Ｉｔhａsbeeｎｃaｎｃｅledduetoｔeｃhｎicaｌpｒoｂlems.D）Itwasdｅlａyedforeｌevｅnｈｏursａｎdtｈiｒtｙmｉnｕｔｅs.19．A)Theyｍadefrequeｎtlｏｎg-distancｅcalｌstoeacｈｏthｅr.B）TheyillegalｌyusｅdgoｖｅｒnｍeｎtcomputｅrsｉｎＮewJeｒseｙ．Ｃ)Tｈeywｅｒefounｄｔobesmartertｈancomｐuｔeｒspｅcialisｔｓ.D)Theｙwerearｒestedfｏrstealiｎgｇｏveｒｎmｅｎtinｆorｍatｉoｎ.PassａｇeTｗoQuestiｏnｓ20to２２ａrｅbasedoｎｔｈepａｓsageyｏuｈａvejuｓtheard．20.A)Pｅａｃｅｆul.Ｃ)Ｇeneｒouｓ.B)Coｎsiｄerate．Ｄ)Cooｐｅrａｔive.2１.A)Ｓoｍｅonedｕmpedthｅclｏtｈeｓｌeftinthｅwａsｈｅranｄdryer．B)Someｏnｅbrokethewasｈeranddryｅrｂyoverloadingｔheｍ．C)MiｎdyＬanｃe’slａuｎｄｒybloｃkedtheｗａｙtotheｌaｕnｄryｒoom.D）MｉｎｄｙLanｃethrｅatenｅdtotａｋｅｒｅvengeｏnheｒｎeighbｏｒs.22.A)Ａskｉngthenｅighborhoｏｄcomｍｉtｔeeforheｌp．B)Limitinｇtheaｍouｎｔoflauｎdryforeacｈwash.C）Ｉnformｉngｔhebｕildinｇｍａnagerｏｆｔｈemaｔtｅr.D)Ｉnstallｉｎgafｅｗmorｅｗashｅrsａnddryers.PassageThreeＱｕesｔｉｏnｓ23tｏ２５ａｒebaseｄonｔhｅｐaｓsageyouhavｅjustheaｒd.2３.Ａ）Ｓhｅisbothａpopuｌaｒandｈｉghｌyrespectｅdauｔhor.B)SheisthemｏstlovedAfrｉcａｎｎovｅlistofalｌtｉmｅs.Ｃ）Shｅisthemostｉnfluentialaｕtｈorsｉｎcethe１930’s.D)Sｈeisｔhｅfirstwｒitｅrtｏfocusoｎｔhefateofslavｅs.２4.A)TｈeBoｏｋCriticｓCircleAwａrd.C)ＴhePulｉtzerPrizｅfｏｒfictｉｏn.Ｂ)TｈeNoｂelPrizｅforliteraturｅ．Ｄ）ThｅＮａtionａlBookAwaｒd.25.Ａ)ＳheisarelativeofMｏrrison’s.C)Shｅisaskiｌｌeｄｓtoｒyｔeｌleｒ.Ｂ)SheｉsaslaｖefｒomAfrica.D)Shｅｉsablackwｏmａn.SｅcｔｉonCDirectｉons:Ｉnthｉsｓｅctiｏn,youwilｌｈearapａssaｇethrｅeｔimes.Ｗhenthepasｓaｇeisreａdforthefｉrsｔtiｍｅ,yｏushouldlｉｓtencaｒｅｆｕｌlyfoｒｉtsｇｅnｅrａｌｉdeａ．Whenthepaｓｓageiｓrｅａｄfortｈeｓecondtime,ｙｏuａｒｅｒequiredtofｉｌｌiｎtheblanｋswiththｅexactwordｓyoｕhaveｊusｔhｅaｒd.Finalｌy,ｗhenｔｈepassagｅiｓｒeaｄfｏrthｅｔhirdtimｅ,youshouldchｅckwｈatyouhａｖｅｗriｔteｎ．注意:此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。Manycoｌｌegeｓtuｄｅnｔsｔodayoｗnpeｒsｏnalcoｍｐuｔersthａtｃoｓtanyｗherefｒoｍ$100０topｅｒhaｐs$5０00ｏrｍore.２６,itｉsnotuncommｏnfｏrthemtｏpｕrｃhaｓe27cosｔｉnganothｅrseｖerａｌhundreddollars.Tｗｅｎｔｙyeaｒsago，compｕtｅrｓｗｅｒe２８,bｕtthｅyweｒeveryｌargeandｅxtreｍelyｅxｐensive.Ｆew,ifａnｙ,２９ｐuｒchaｓeｄcomputersforhomｅｕsｅ.Overtheyears，thepriceoftｈe“ｇuｔs”ofaｃoｍputer—ｉtｓmemoｒy—hasｄeclinedtｏｌeｓｓｔhanａｔhｏusandthｏfthｅpriceｐｅrunｉｔｏfmｅｍorｙthatprevailｅｄtwenｔyｙearsａgo.Ｔｈisisthemainreａsonwhycoｍputerscostｓoｍuchlesstｏdaythａnthｅyｕsedto.Moreoｖｅｒ,30iｍprｏvｅmeｎｔsｈａvemａdeitpossiｂleto３1meｍoryｃiｒcuitｒythatisｓmａｌleｎoｕghtofiｔｉｎtotｈepｏｒｔabｌepersonalcomｐｕｔersthaｔmanyofusownanduｓe.3２,asｔheprｉceｏｆcomputatioｎhaｓdeｃｌiｎedtheaveragecｏnｓumerａｎdｂusineｓsｈａvespｅntmorｅonpuｒｃhasingｃomｐutｅrｓ.3３,ｉｍprｏvedagｒiｃｕltｕｒaｌtechｎoloｇy，hybrid（杂交）ｓｅｅds，3４aｎimaｌｂrｅedinｇ,ａndsoonhａｖeｖastlyinｃｒeaｓｅdtｈeaｍountｏｆoutpｕtａtypicalfarmｅｒcanpｒｏdｕce.Thepriceｓofｇoodsｓｕchasmｅatsａndｇｒainshavefallenｓharpｌyreｌａtivetothepｒｉcesofmosｔotheｒgoodsandserviｃeｓ.Aｓagricｕltuｒａlpriｃeshavefallen,maｎyhｏuseholdｓhaｖｅdｅcreasｅｄtｈｅirｔotａlexpenｓesonfood.Eｖeｎｔhoughthe３5ｏfaｐroductpuｒcｈasedgeｎeｒalｌyiｎｃｒeaｓesｗｈenitspｒｉceｆaｌls,totaleｘpｅnsesｏｎiｔmaydｅcline.PartⅢReaｄingCompreｈｅnｓiｏn（40minｕteｓ)ＳｅctionADiｒecｔioｎs：Inthisｓｅction,tｈeｒｅiｓapasｓaｇewithｔenblanｋs.Youarereｑuiredtoseleｃｔonewordforeachbｌankfromalisｔｏfchｏicesgiｖｅnｉnａwordbａnkｆollｏｗingthepassage.Rｅadtｈｅｐassagethroｕｇhｃarefｕllybefoｒeｍakingyouｒcｈoices.Eachｃｈoｉceintheｂankisiｄentiｆiｅdbyaｌｅtter.ＰlｅasemarkｔhecｏrｒesponｄingleｔterforeａｃhｉtemｏnAｎsｗeｒSｈeet2wiｔhaｓinglｅlｉnetｈｒｏuｇhtheｃenｔｒｅ.Ｙoumaynotuseanyｏｆtheｗordｓｉnthebanｋmorethａnonce.Questions3６to4５arｅbａsｅdoｎtｈｅfollowｉｎgpａｓsage.Ｔogｅtａｓｅnｓeofhowwomｅｎhａvｅｐrogresｓｅdｉnｓｃieｎce,takeaquicktouｒofthephysｉcsdｅparｔmentattｈeUｎivｅｒsityofＣalifornｉa,Bｅrkeley.Tｈisｉsastoｒieｄplacｅ,ｔhe36ｏfsomeｏfthemoｓｔｉmｐortanｔdiscovｅriesinmoｄeｒnscience—startiｎgwitｈＥrnestＬａｗrence’sinveｎtｉｏｎofthecｙｃlｏｔron(回旋加速器）ｉn１9３１．Ageneｒａtioｎago，ｆemaｌefａｃeswere37ａｎd,eventoday,vｉｓitｏrswaｌkingthｒouｇhｔｈefirｓtfｌoorｏｆＬeCoｎteＨallｗillｓeeaｆullcorrｉdoｒofexhｉｂits38ｔhemanydisｔingｕishedphｙsicistｓwhomadｅhｉｓtoｒyhere,39alｌｏｆthｅmwhｉｔemales.Butcｌimbupｔothｅthirdfｌooｒandyou’lｌsｅea40display.Therｅ，amongthephｏtosofcurrｅntfaｃultymembersanｄｓｔｕdenｔs,areｐoｒtrａiｔsoｆｔｈe４1headofｔhedeｐarｔment,MaｒjｏｒｉｅShａpiro,andfoｕｒotheｒｗomeｎwｈoserｅsｅarch42eｖｅrythiｎｇfｒomtheｍeｃhaｎicsｏftｈeuniversｅtotheｓｍaｌｌeｓtｐａrｔiｃlesofｍatｔer.Ａsｉxthwomaｎwashiｒｅdjustｔwoweeksａgo.Aｌｔhｏughthey’restｉlｌｏnｌyabout10peｒcentｏｆthephysｉcsfａｃulty，ｗomenareclｅarｌyapreseｎceｈｅre.Ａndtheｒeal43maybeiｎthesmａlｌｅrｐｈｏtostｏtｈeｒｉght:graduateａndunｄerｇradｕatｅsｔudents，aboｕｔ２0percenｔoｆtｈemfemale.EvｅryyｅarＢｅrｋｅｌeyseｎdｓitｓfrｅshｆｅmalｅphyｓicsPhDstｏｔｈecｏuntｒy’stopuｎivｅrsities．ThatmakeｓShapiｒooptiｍｉsｔic,butaｌso44．“Iｂelievetｈinｇｓaregｅｔtｉngｂｅttｅr,”sｈeｓａys,“ｂｕtｔhｅｙ’renｏtgeｔｔingbeｔteｒaｓ45asＩwoulｄlike．”注意:此部分试题请在答题卡２上作答。A）ｃircｕmstanceB)coｎｆｉdenceC)ｃoversD)curreｎtＥ)ｄｅaｌsＦ)ｄifｆerentG）eｘposingＨ)fａstI）ｈonorinｇJ）ｈｏｐeK)preseｎtｌyＬ)rａreM)realisticN)ｓitｅO)vｉrtuaｌlyＳectｉoｎBDirｅctions:Inthiｓsｅcｔｉon，yｏuarｅｇoingｔoreaｄaｐaｓｓagewithteｎstａteｍentsａtｔachedtoit．Eacｈｓtatemenｔcoｎｔaｉｎsiｎformatｉｏｎgｉvenｉｎoneofｔhepaｒagrａphs．Ｉdenｔｉｆyｔｈeparagrapｈｆromwhｉｃhｔheinｆormaｔionisｄeriｖeｄ．Ｙoumayｃhooseａpａraｇrapｈmorethaｎｏｎce.Ｅａchｐaｒaｇraphismａrkedwithａletｔer.AnｓweｒthｅｑｕeｓｔｉonsbymaｒkinｇtheｃｏrresｐoｎdingleｔteronAnswerSheｅt2.ＩsColleｇeaWorthyInvestｍｅnt？A)Wｈyａｒewｅspｅndinｇｓoｍuｃｈｍonｅyoｎcolｌeｇe？Ａｎdwhｙarewｅsounhａppyaboutit?Wｅallsｅemtoａｇｒｅethａｔacolｌegeeｄucaｔｉonｉswonderful,anｄyetstrangｅlyweworrywｈenwesｅｅｆamｉlieｓinvｅstinｇsomuchinｔhiｓsuppｏsedlｙesｓentiaｌgooｄ．Maｙｂeit’stiｍetoaskaqueｓtionthａtseemsａlmoｓｔｓacrｉｌegiｏus(大不敬的):isａlｌthisｉnvestmｅnｔincｏllｅgeeｄuｃaｔｉonreallyｗortｈｉt?B)Ｔｈeａnsweｒ，Iｆｅａr,ｉsｎo.Fｏｒaninｃreasingｎumberｏfkiｄs,theeｘtｒatimｅaｎｄmｏnｅｙspentpursuinｇａcoｌlegeｄiplomａｗillleavｅthemｗorseoffthanｔheyｗeｒeｂefｏrｅtheｙsetｆｏｏtｏncampuｓ.C)Formｙentireaｄuｌtlife,agoodeduｃationhasbeenthemｏｓtimporｔaｎtthｉngfｏrｍiｄdｌe-ｃlａsshoｕseholds.Mｙpaｒentsspentmoreedｕｃatingmｙsｉstｅrandmethanthｅyspentontheirhousｅ,andｔｈey’ｒｅnotｔｈeonｌyｏnes.．.ａnｄ,ofcouｒｓe,ｆorａｎincreａsingnumｂeｒoffamiｌｉｅｓ，mostoｆthecoｓtoftheirhoｕseisactuaｌlytheｃostoｆlivingiｎaｇoodｓchｏoldistrict.Quｅsｔioｎingthevａlueｏｆacｏllegeeducationsｅemsaｂiｔlｉkeqｕｅstioningthevaｌuｅofhappineｓs,orfun.D)Tｈｅａveraｇepｒｉcｅｏfalｌｇｏｏｄsａｎdserｖiceshasrｉsｅｎabouｔ5０peｒcent.Bｕtthepriceofacollegeeｄucａｔionｈａｓneaｒlydoｕbledinthａｔtimｅ．Istｈｅeducａtionthattodａｙ’ｓｓtｕdeｎtsaｒegｅttinｇtwｉceａsgood?Arenewwｏrkersｔｗｉceassｍart?Haｖetheyｂｅcomesomehｏwmassiveｌｙmorｅexｐensivｅtoeducａte?E)Ｐerｈａpｓaｂｉt.RicｈardVedder,anOｈioＵniveｒsiｔyecｏnomiｃｓprofessoｒ，ｓａｙｓ，“Ilｏokaｔthedata,ａndIｓeecｏlleｇecosｔsrisingfａsteｒthaniｎflａｔionｕptothemｉd－19８０sbｙ1perceｎtayeａｒ.NoｗIseeｔhemrisiｎg3to4perｃentａyeａｒｏｖｅrinfｌａtiｏn.Whatｈａshappened？Thefedeｒaｌgｏveｒnmeｎｔhaｓstａｒteｄdrｏppingmoneｙoutofａirｐlanｅs.”Ａidhasincrｅａsed,subsidized(补贴的)loaｎshａvebｅcomｅavailａble,and“ｔｈeｕniversｉtｉeｓhavegottentｈｅmｏney.”EcｏｎomistBryａnCapｌａn,ｗhoiswｒitｉngabｏoｋabｏuｔeducatiｏn,agreｅs:“It’sａｇｉaｎtwasteoｆrｅｓｏurｃesthatwiｌlcｏnｔiｎueaslongasthｅsubsidiescｏntinuｅ.”F）Prｏmotｉonallｉterａtureｆorcollｅgｅsaｎdｓｔudentlｏａnsoftenｓｐeaｋsofdeｂｔaｓaｎ“ｉnvｅｓtmeｎｔiｎｙoursｅlf.”Ｂutaniｎｖeｓtmenｔissuppoｓｅdｔoｇeｎｅrateincｏｍｅｔoｐayofftheｌｏans.Morｅｔhanhalfｏfallｒｅcｅｎtｇraduatｅsａｒeunemploｙedorｉnjoｂstｈatdoｎotreｑｕireaｄｅgree,anｄtｈeamounｔofｓtｕｄent-lｏandebtcarrｉedbｙｈousｅholdshasiｎcｒeaｓedmoretｈaｎｆivｅtｉmeｓsｉnce1９99．Tｈesegraｄuatｅｓｗerｅtｏldthatａdipｌomａwａsaｌlｔheyneedeｄｔosｕｃｃeｅd,butitｗon’ｔｅｖeｎgeｔthemoutoｆthｅｓｐarｅbedｒｏomaｔＭomandDａd’s.Formaｎｙ,tｈemostvｉsiｂleｒｅｓｕltｏｆtｈeirfourｙearsistｈeloanpayｍｅntｓ,wｈichnoｗaveraｇehｕndｒedsofｄoｌlarsamｏnthｏｎlｏanbaｌaｎｃesinthetensｏfthoｕsands.G)Ｉt’strueａboｕtｔhemｏｎeｙ—sｏrtｏf．Colｌeｇegraduateｓnｏwmake8０perceｎtmoｒethａnpeｏplewhoｈaｖeｏnｌｙaｈiｇh－ｓｃｈooｌdipｌoma,anｄthougｈtｈｅｒeａreｎopｒecｉsｅestｉmaｔｅｓ，theｗagepreｍｉum(高出的部分)foranｏuｔstaｎdingsｃｈoolseemstobeevenhigｈeｒ．Butthat’snottruｅofｅverystｕdent.Ｉt’svｅryeaｓyｔospeｎdfoｕrｙｅａrsmajoringiｎEngｌiｓhliｔｅraｔureaｎdｃomeoutnｏmorｅemployａblｅthanyoｕwerebefoｒeyouwentiｎ.Converｓely,cheｍicalｅngｉｎeｅrｓｓtraigｈtoutoｆschooｌcａｎｅaｓｉlymakealｍｏsｔfourｔｉmesthewａｇesoｆanenｔｒy-levｅlｈｉgh-sｃhooｌgrａdｕate．H)JamesHeckman,theNobelPrize-ｗinｎingeconｏmist，hasｅxａmｉｎedhoｗthereｔuｒnｓoｎedｕcａｔiｏnbrｅakdownｆorｉndividuaｌswｉthｄiｆｆerentbackgroundsanｄlｅvelsofabｉlity.“Eveｎwiththesehiｇhｐriｃeｓ,ｙｏｕ’rｅstｉｌlｆindingahiｇｈreturnfoｒindividualｓｗhｏarｅbrｉgｈtａndmotiｖated,”hesays.Onｔhｅoｔherｈand，“ifyou’ｒｅｎotｃｏllegｅreａdｙ,thentheanswerｉsno，ｉt’sｎoｔｗorthit．”Eｘpertｓtenｄtoagreetｈatｆｏrtheaveragesｔuｄent,ｃｏlｌeｇeissｔillworthittoｄay,butｔheyalsoａgreethattherapｉdｉnｃreａseiｎpricｅiseａtｉngupmoreandmorｅoftｈepｏｔeｎtｉalreturｎ.Foｒborｄerlinestｕdｅnts,tuition(学费)rｉsecaｎpushthosｅretuｒnsｉntonegativeｔｅrritoｒy.I)Everｙoｎesｅｅｍstｏagreethaｔｔhegovｅrnmｅnt,ａndparｅnｔs，shouldbｅrethinｋinghｏwweinｖestinｈighereducation—ａndthaｔemplｏyｅrsnｅｅdtorｅthｉｎktheｉncrｅaｓiｎguｓeｏfｃｏllegｅdｅgreeｓaｓcrudescｒeeningtｏolsforｊoｂstｈatdon’treallyrequirecolｌeｇeskillｓ.“Emｐlｏyersseeingasurpｌusofｃollｅgegrａduatesandloｏｋingtｏｆｉlｌjｏｂsarejusｔaddinｇthatｒequiremeｎt，”sａysVedder.“Ｉnｆact,aｃolleｇedeｇreebecomｅsaｊｏｂｒｅqｕｉrｅmentforbecomingabaｒ-tenｄeｒ.”J)Wehavestarteｄtｏｓeeｓomechangｅontｈｅfinａncesiｄe.Alawpasseｄｉn2023allowsmａnyｓtｕｄenｔｓtocapｔheirｌoanｐａｙｍeｎtａt10ｐerｃｅntｏftｈｅｉrincoｍeandforｇivｅsａｎybalａnceafter２5years.Bｕtofcｏurse,thatdoｅsn’ｔcontroｌtheｃostofｅducation;itｊuｓｔsｈiftsittotaxｐａyers.Itａｌsoencourageｓgｒaduatｅｓtoｃhｏoselｏwer－pａyｉngcａreers,ｗhichreducｅstｈefinancialrｅtuｒnｔoeｄucａtｉonｓtillfurｔher．“Yｏu’resubsidｉｚｉnｇpeoｐｌetｏｂeｃomｅpriｅsｔｓandｐoeｔｓaｎｄｓｏｆorｔh,”sａｙsHeckman.“Youｍaythiｎkthat’saｇoｏdｔhｉnｇ,oｒyｏｕmayｎot.”Eｉtheｒｗaｙitwillbeｅxpensivｅfortｈegovｅrnmenｔ.Ｋ）Whatmightbｅalｏtcheａｐeｒispｕttｉngmｏrekidstowｏrk.Ｃaplanｎoｔesｔhatworｋａlｓｏbｕｉlｄｓvaｌuaｂleskills—ｐｒoｂaｂlyｍorevａｌuaｂｌeｆｏrkiｄswhodon’tnaturallｙloｖｅsittinginaclasｓrｏoｍ.Hｅcｋmaｎａｇrｅｅswhｏleheaｒtedly：“Peｏpｌeareｄiffｅreｎt,andthｏseａbilitiesｃanｂesｈaped.Ｔｈat’ｓｗhａｔwｅ’ｖｅlｅarneｄ,aｎｄｐuｂliｃpｏｌicyshｏuldrecognｉzethat.”Ｌ）Heｃkｍanwouldliketｏseeｍorｅappｒentｉcｅshiｐ-style(学徒式)programs,wherekiｄscａnｌearnintheworkｐlace—ｌｅaｒnnotjｕstsｐecificjobskills,bｕttｈekｉnｄｏf“ｓｏｆtskills，”ｌｉkeｇｅttｉngtｏｗorｋontimeandgｅtｔｉngaｌongwithaｔeam，ｔhａｔarecruｃｉａlforｃａｒeｅrsuccess.“Ｉt’saｂouthaｖiｎｇmentoｒs(指导者)andhavinｇworｋpｌaｃe-baｓedｅduｃａtiｏn,”hesａｙs.“ＴｉmeａndaｇａｉｎＩ’veseeｎeｘampleｓｏｆthisｋindoｆproｇraｍwｏrking.”M）Aｈ,bｕthowdowegｅｔtheｒefroｍｈerｅ?Withbeｔterｐuｂliｃpolicｙ,hopefulｌｙ,ｂutaｌsobｙｍaｋｉngbｅｔterｉｎdivｉdｕaldecisｉoｎs.“Ｈisｔｏriｃaｌlyｍａｒketsｈａvｅbｅenabletｏｈandletheｓｅthingｓ，”ｓaｙsＶeddeｒ,“anｄIｔｈｉｎｋevｅnｔuallyｍarkeｔswillhａndletｈisone.Ifiｔdoesn’tiｍprｏveｓoon,peoｐlearegｏingtowakｅupanｄａｓk,‘WhyamIgoinｇｔoｃollege？’”注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。46.Cａpｌansuｇgeststhaｔkidswhodon’ｔｌovesｃhｏolgotowork.47.Ａnincreasingnumbeｒoｆfamilieｓsｐeｎdｍorｅmonｅyonhousｅsinagｏodｓchｏolｄistrict.４8.Sｕbsiｄｉzedlｏanstｏcollegesｔudentsａreahugｅｗasｔeｏfｍonｅy,accｏrdingtooｎeeｃonoｍist.49．Ｍorｅandmorekiｄｓfindtheyfarｅwoｒseｗithaｃollegediploｍａ.50.Forｔhoｓewhoareｎotprｅｐａredfoｒｈigheｒeducatiｏn,goinｇtocolleｇeisnotworthit．51.Oveｒｔheyｅarsｔhecoｓｔoｆacoｌｌegeedｕcａtionhａｓinｃreaｓedａlmｏｓtｂy100％.5２.Ａlawｐassedｒecentｌyaｌｌoｗsmanysｔudentｓtｏpａyｎoｍoｒｅtｈanoｎeｔenthofthｅｉrincｏmｅforｔｈeircｏllegeｌoanｓ.53.Middlｅ-cｌassAｍerｉcanshａvｅhigｈlｙｖaｌuedaｇｏodeｄｕcation.5４.Moｒｅkｉdsshoulｄbeｅncouragedtoparticiｐatｅinｐrｏgraｍswheretheycaｎｌearnnotonｌyjｏbｓkilｌsbｕｔalsosoｃiａlｓｋｉlls.55.Oｖerfiｆtyｐercentofｒecentcｏllegegrａｄuaｔeｓreｍａｉnunemployedoruｎａbletｏｆindasuitablejoｂ．SectionCDｉrections：Thereare2ｐassaｇｅsiｎthissectioｎ.Ｅacｈpａssagｅisfollowｅdbｙｓoｍequｅstionsorunfｉniｓhｅdstatements.ForeacｈｏfthemthｅreareｆourchｏiceｓｍarｋedＡ)，Ｂ),C)ａnｄD).YousｈoｕlddecideｏntheｂｅsｔchoｉceａndｍarｋthecorrｅspｏndｉngleｔtｅronAｎswerＳhｅet２withaｓinｇleliｎｅｔｈｒoughthecentre.PaｓｓａgｅOnｅQuestions５6to60areｂasedｏｎthefolｌowingｐasｓaｇe.Arecenｔglobalsurveyof2000high-nｅt-woｒtｈiｎdiｖiduaｌｓfoundthat６0％wｅrenotplaｎningｏnatraditiｏnalreｔiremeｎt.AmｏngUSparｔicipａnts,75％exｐecｔeｄtoconｔinuｅworkinginsoｍecapacitｙeｖenaftersteppiｎgａwａyfｒomｆull－timｅjｏｂs．“Manyofthｅｓepeoplｅｍaｄeｔheirｗeａltｈbｙdoiｎgｓomeｔhinｇtｈeｙ’reｐasｓｉｏｎatｅ(有激情的)about，”ｓayｓDaniｅlＥgaｎ,hｅaｄofｂehａvioraｌfiｎａnｃeforBaｒclａysＷealｔhＡｍｅrｉｃas.“Givｅｎtｈｅcｈoicｅ,tｈeypreferｔｏconｔinueｗorkiｎg.”Barclayｓcallsｔhｅsepeople“nevertiｒees.”ＵｎlｉkemanｙAmｅricaｎｓcompeｌledintoearｌyreｔiｒeｍentbyｃｏmpanｙrｅｓtrictionｓ,ｔｈeavｅｒagenevertireeoｆｔｅnhａsnooｎefｏrciｎghiｓhaｎd.If１０6-ｙear-oｌｄiｎvesｔoｒIrｖiｎｇKahn,headofｈisownｆamilyfirｍ,wａntstokeｅpcomｉngtoworkeverydａy，wｈｏ’sgoiｎgｔｏstｏphim?Ｓeveｎty-eiｇht-yｅar－oldSｕｐremeCourｔJｕstｉceRｕｔhBａderGiｎsｂｕｒg’sjobseｃｕrityisguａｒanｔｅeｄintheConstitution．Itｍaｙsｅemｔhattheｓeelderlypeoｐleａretｒyｉngtocheatｄeath．Inｆacｔ,theyare.Aｎdｉt’ｓｗorkinｇ.HｏwaｒdFriedｍan,ａｐrofessｏratUCRｉversidｅ,fouｎdｉｎhisresｅａrchthatｔｈosewhoworkhardestandａreｓuccessfｕliｎthｅircareersoftｅnｌivetｈｅloｎgｅstｌivｅs.“Ｐeopｌearegeneｒalｌｙbeｉnggiｖｅnbadaｄviｃeｔｏｓlｏwdown，ｔakeiｔeａsy，sｔopworｒｙiｎｇ,aｎdretiｒetoFlorida,”hｅｓａyｓ.Hedesｃribeｄｏｎeｓtｕdyparticipａnt，stｉｌlｗorkiｎgattheageoｆ1００,whowasrecentｌyｄｉsaｐｐointeｄtoseehｉｓsonrｅtire．“Wｅ’rebeginnｉnｇtosｅeａchａngeiｎhowｐeｏplevｉｅwrｅtiremeｎt,”ｓaｙsGeｏrgeLeｅｓｏn，co－ｄｉrecｔoroftｈeInstituteｏfPｏpuｌaｔiｏｎＡｇeiｎgatOxfｏrd.Ｗhereonｃerｅtｉrementwasseenasabｒｉefrewardafteｒａloｎgstｒuggleｔｈｒougｈｓomemiserablejoｂ,iｔｉｓｎowａkin（近似)ｔobeinｇｃasｔaside.ＷhａtＬeesonｔerms“theWaｒreｎＢufｆettｅffecｔ”ｉsbecｏｍingmｏrebｒｏadlｙaｐpeａｌｉngａsiｎdividualsｃomeｔo“viewreｔiremｅnｔａsnｏtsｉｍplｙbｅinglinkedtoeconoｍicproductiviｔybuｔaｌsoabouｔcontｒibｕtion.”Obseｒｖeｒsaｒespｌitｏnwhetheｒthisｉｓawhｏｌlyｇoodｔｈｉng.Ontheonehand,cｏmpaniesandfｉnａｎcialfｉｒmｓｃanｂeｎeｆitfromｔｈeｗisdomｏfaresiｌｉent(坚韧的)ｃhief．Oｎtheotｈｅr,theｎｅwgenｅratiｏncanfinｄiｔmorｅｄifficｕｌtｔoadvancｅ—anargumeｎtｔhattypicallｙholｄslitｔｌeswａytoａneveｒtiｒee.注意:此部分试题请在答题卡２上作答。５6.Whaｔdoweleａrnabouttheso-cａlｌed“nevｅｒtｉrees”？A)Thｅyａrepasｓionateaboutmakingafortｕｎe.B)Theyhavenochoicebｕttoｃｏntｉnueworkiｎg.C)Ｔheｙｌovewｈattheydoａndｃhoosenoｔｔｏretｉre.D)Theｙwillｎotreｔireunlｅssthｅyａｒecompeｌｌedto．57．WｈaｔｄoIrvingＫahnａｎdＲutｈBadeｒGｉnｓburｇhaveiｎcommon?A)Nｅｉtheｒoｆthｅmｉssｕｂjecttoforcｅｄrｅtｉreｍｅnt.Ｂ)Neitｈｅｒoｆthemｄesiresrｅｗａrｄfoｒthｅirwork．C）Bothcliｎgtotｈeirｐoｓｉtｉonsdesｐiteｏpｐoｓitiｏn.D）Bｏthareｃapａblｅofcoｐiｎgwithｈｅaｖｙworｋlｏadｓ.58.WhａｔiｓthefindiｎgｏｆＨｏwａrdFriedｍan’ｓresｅarｃh?A)Thｅharderyouwoｒk,thebiggｅryoｕｒfoｒtunｅwilｌbe.Ｂ)Tｈｅearlieryｏurｅtiｒe,thｅhealthieryoｕｗilｌbe．Ｃ）Elderlypeoplehavetｏsloｗdowntｏｌiveloｎger.D）Workingatanadvanｃedagelenｇthｅnsｐｅople’ｓlife．59.Whａｔｉｓｔｈetradiｔionalvieｗoｆｒetiremenｔaccordingtoｔhｅpasｓage?Ａ)Itmｅansaburdentｏtheｙｏungｅｒgｅneｒａtion．B）Ｉtｉｓasymbｏlｏfamａｔureandciviｌｉzedsｏcieｔy.C)Ｉｔisacｏmpensａｔionfｏrｏne’ｓlife-loｎgｈardwｏrk．D）Ｉｔhelpsincrｅaseaｎatiｏｎ’secｏnｏmicprｏductｉvｉty.60.Whaｔｄocrｉticssａyaboｕt“nevｅrtiｒｅｅs”?A)Theｙareａnoｂｓtａcletoacompanｙ’sdｅvelopment.B）Theｙlackthecreａｔivityoftheyｏungeｒgeneｒation.C)Tｈｅｙcaｎｎotworｋasefｆicieｎｔｌｙastheyuｓedto.D)Theypreｖｅｎtyounｇpeoｐｌefｒｏｍｇettingａheａd．ＰａssageＴｗｏQueｓtiｏnｓ６1to６５arebaｓｅdｏnｔheｆolloｗｉnｇｐassage.WheｎｗｅtalkaboutＡmericａnsbａreｌyinｔoａdｕｌthoodwhoaresadｄlｅｄwiｔhunbeａrａbｌｅlevelsofdeｂt,ｔｈecｏnversaｔionisalｍoｓtａlwaysａboutｓtudｅnｔｌｏａndebt.Bｕtｔｈeｒe’saｇｒowiｎgboｄyoｆeｖｉdeｎcesuggestｉngthaｔtoday’sｙounｇaduｌtsarealsoｄｒoｗnｉngiｎcｒedit-ｃarddebt—andthaｔmanｙoftｈemwilltaｋetｈｉsdebttotheｉrｇｒaves．Morｅtｈaｎ２0%oｖerspｅnttｈeirｉnｃoｍebymorｅtｈan$100ｅverysingleｍonth．Sinｃｅｔhｅｙｈaｖen’tｂｕｉltuｐthｅircrｅditｈistoｒiｅsｙet,ｉt’sasafebettｈａttheｓeyoｕngaｄultsarepａyinｇrｅlativelyhiｇhｉｎtｅｒesｔｒａｔesontｈeｒｅsultｉｎgcｒｅdiｔcarddebｔ．Alｔhouｇhｍanｙyｏungpeｏpleｂlame“socialｉzing”asａbarrierｔoｓａvingmonｅｙ，mｏsｔofｔｈemaren’ｔｋｎｏckingbacｋ$20drinksｉnｔｒendy(时尚的）ｌｏunｇｅs.Tｈey’reｓtrｕｇgｌinｇwithmｕcｈｍｏｒedａiｌｙfｉnａｎcｉalｄｅｍandｓ．Toaｄisturｂinglyｌaｒｇｅexteｎt,ｔheyoungandｔhebrokｅａrerelyｉngonｃreｄitｃaｒdstomakeituntｉlｔhｅｉrｎexｔｐayday.Thisobvｉouｓlyisn’tsustainableｉｎthelongrun，anｄit’sｇoingｔoputahugedrａｇｏntheiｒｓpenｄingｐowｅreveｎａfterｔhｅyrｅaｃhtheｉrｐeａｋeａrnｉｎgyeａrs,becａｕsethｅy’llstｉｌｌｂepａyingintｅｒestonthatboｔtleoforａngejuicｅorboxofspaghetti（意式面条）ｔhｅyｂｏughtadecadeearliｅr.AneｗstｕdyoｕtoｆOhiｏＳtatｅＵｎｉvｅrｓitｙｆouｎdtｈatyoungａduｌｔsａｒeaccumuｌaｔingcｒeditcardｄｅbｔatamoｒerapidratｅthanoｔｈerageｇrouｐs,ａｎｄｔｈａｔｔhey’reslowｅｒａtpayingiｔｏｆｆ.“Iｆwhaｔwefｏundcｏntinuestｏholdtrｕe，ｗｅmayｈaｖemoreelｄerｌypeoplewithsubsｔantialｆinanｃｉalprobｌｅｍsｉntｈefuｔurｅ,”wａrnｓLuciａＤunn,profｅssoｒｏfecｏnomｉcsａtＯｈioＳtaｔe.“Ifoｕrfindiｎgｓpersiｓt,wｅmaybｅfacedwｉｔhafｉnancialｃriｓisａmｏngｅｌderlyｐｅｏpｌewｈｏｃan’tpａyｏffｔheｉrcrｅditcards.”Ｄuｎnｓaｙｓaloｔofｔheｓeyｏｕnｇｐｅopｌearenevｅrｇｏingtogｅtoutfrｏmundeｒｔｈeｉｒcrｅditcａｒdｄebt.“Mａnypｅｏpleareboｒroｗinｇoｎcreditcardssohｅavilyｔｈａｔpayoｆfraｔｅsaｔtｈｅsｅlevelｓarｅnotｓufficieｎｔtorecoveｒtheｉｒcredｉtｃarｄdeｂtｂythｅendoftheirliｆe，wｈｉcｈcｏuldhaveｌosｓimｐlｉcationｓforthecrｅdｉｔcardisｓuingbanｋs．”注意:此部分试题请在答题卡２上作答。61.Ｗhatｉstｈeｍainideaoｆtheｆｉrstparagrａph？A）ManyyｏungA