2023年专八人文常识辅导材料美国文学

AｍericaｎLiterａturｅ:AConciseHistｏrｙI.Review1．WhｏwroteTheＡmerican？（2０２3)Ａ.HermaｎMｅlvｉｌleﻩ ﻩB.NathanielＨawthｏｒnｅC.HenryJamｅｓﻩ ﻩﻩﻩD.TheodｏrｅＤreiser2．DeａthofａSalｅsmａnｗaswriｔtenｂy__＿_．(2023)Ａ.ArthurMiller ﻩﻩ B.ErｎestHemｉngwaｙC.RalpｈEllｉson ﻩD.JaｍesＢaldwｉn3．ThenｏｖｅlForＷｈｏmｔheBｅｌｌTｏllｓiｓｗｒiｔtｅnby_＿＿.（２023)A.ScottFitzgerald B.ＷｉｌliamＦaulknerC.EuｇeneO’Ｎeiｌ ﻩ D.ErnｅstHeｍiｎgwaｙ4.WilliaｍSydneyＰoｒter，knｏwnasＯ’Ｈenry,ｉｓmｏｓtfamouｓｆor____＿.(2023）A．hispｏemsﻩﻩﻩ Ｂ.ｈisplayｓC.hｉｓｓhoｒtsｔｏｒｉｅsﻩ ﻩﻩD.hisnｏｖelｓＩI.ＨistoｒicａlＰeｒｉoｄs1.ColonialＰeｒiod:1７ｔh～１8th(fａitｈ→reaｓon)２．RomanticＰｅriod:ｅndof18tｈtotheCivilWａｒ★3．TheＡgeofRealｉsm:１865-1890★4.ＴheAgeoｆNａtｕralisｍ:189０-19００5.MｏdｅｒnPｅｒiod：19１2－1945★6．PosｔwaｒReaｌｉsm:１950s-1９6０s7.Pｏstmodeｒｎism:１9６0ｓ-１980sＩIＩ.ＫeyFigｕres1．ＢｅnjａｍinFｒａnｋlin2.JamesFeniｍｏｒeCooｐer,WasｈingtonIrｖing;ＥdgａｒＡllanPoe,WalｔWhｉtmａn,EmiｌyＤiｃｋinsｏn/NathａnｉｅlＨawthｏrne，HeｒmａnMｅｌville（R.W.Eｍｅrsoｎ,H.D．Ｔhoｒeau)3.O’Henry,HeｎryＪames,MarkＴｗain４.SｔepｈanCｒａnｅ,TheodoreDｒeｉseｒ,JackLondon5.EzraPoｕnd,T．S.Eliot,Ｒ.L.Frost/ErnｅstＨemｉｎｇｗay,Ｆ．S.Fitzｇerａld，ＳinclaｉrLewｉｓ，ＪoｈnSｔｅinbeck／EｕgeｎeＯ’Ｎeiｌl,ＴenｎeｓseeＷillｉams，ＡｒthurＭillｅｒ6.ＪｅromeSａlinｇｅr７.ＮabokovＭaｒkTwain:①Treｎd:realism（localcｏlｏｒism)②Gｅｎrｅ：fｉｃｔion③Ｍaｓterpiece:TheAdｖenturesofHucklｅｂerｒyFinn④ＤisｔinｃtiveStｙlｅ:vｅrnａcularlａｎguａge⑤OｔherImｐortantWorksIV.Saｍplｅ1.Ａmeｒｉcanｌitｅratｕrｅprｏducedｏｎｌyonefｅｍalepｏetdurｉnｇthe19ｔhｃentury.Ｓｈewａｓ_______＿__.A．ＡnneBradsｔreeｔﻩﻩ ﻩＢ.JａnｅAuｓｔenﻩＣ．KatherｉｎｅAｎｎePoｒｔeｒﻩD.EmilyDickinsｏｎ2.TｈefirsｔAmｅｒicantowｉnｔｈeＮoｂelPrizeforLiteraturewasasharpsocｉalcrｉtｉc,whｏｓｅｎamｅwaｓ_＿________.A.T.S.Ｅlｉotﻩ ﻩ Ｂ.SincｌａirＬewｉsﻩＣ.ErneｓtＨeｍingway ﻩD．WilliａｍFaulkneｒ3.WhｉcｈofｔｈeｆollｏwinｇｉsNOTｉncludedinＤrｅiseｒ’strilｏgｙｏｆｄesireｃonceｒningtheruthlｅｓsｎｅｓｓofｃaｐitａlists?A．ThｅＧenius B.TheFｉnancieｒC.TｈeTiｔanﻩﻩﻩﻩ ﻩ Ｄ.TｈeＳtoic4．WitｈＨoweｌls,James,ａndMarkＴwainａcｔiｖeontｈｅsｃene,__________ｂｅcａmeｔhemajｏｒtrenｄｉnｔheseｖｅntiesandeighｔiesｏｆthenｉｎetｅｅnｔｈcｅntｕry.A.seｎtimentalｉsm ﻩB．ｒomanticiｓｍC.ｒealｉsmﻩﻩ ﻩﻩ D.naｔurａliｓm5.Fｒoｍ1７32to1758,Franｋlｉnwrotｅａnｄｐｕblisｈｅdhｉsfamous_＿＿_______,ａｎannｕａlcoｌleｃtｉｏnoｆproverbs.Ａ.Ａｕtoｂioｇｒaphyﻩﻩ ﻩﻩB.PoｏｒRichard’ｓAlｍanacC.CoｍmonＳensｅD.TheＧeneralMａgaziｎe6.“TheＡｍeｒiｃaｎRenaｉｓsaｎce”ｉsthepｅriｏdｏｆ__＿__＿intheｈistoｒyｏfAmerｉcanlｉtｅｒａｔuｒe.A.lｏcalcolｏrｉsｍﻩﻩﻩ ﻩﻩB．ＲomａｎｔicisｍC.Transｃendentaliｓm ﻩ Ｄ.Coｌonism７．_＿_____＿＿isMａｒkTwain’ｓｍaｓterwork，thｅonｅｂookfrｏmwhｉcｈasＨeminｇwaynotｅd,“AlｌmｏderｎAmｅrｉcａｎｌiteraturecomes”.Ａ.TｈeGildedAgeﻩﻩﻩﻩ ﻩＢ.LifeontｈeMissisｓｉppｉC.TheAdｖenｔuresｏfＴomSａwｙｅrＤ.TｈeAdveｎｔureｓofHｕｃkleberryFiｎn8.___＿_＿_isthｅｏnｌyAｍerｉcanpｌaywｒightawardedＮobeｌPriｚｅｏfLiteratuｒe.A．ArｔhｕrMｉｌleｒﻩ ﻩ ﻩB.EugenｅO’ＮeｉlｌC.TｅnnesseeWilｌiams D.ＳinｃlａirLｅｗis9.WhiｃｈofｔhｅfollowinｇdoesNＯＴｂelonｇtｏ“BｅatＧｅneration”?A.ＪackKeroｕａｃ ﻩ ﻩﻩﻩB．F.S.FiｔzgeｒaldC.AllenGiｎsbeｒgﻩ ﻩﻩﻩD.ＷｉlliamBｕrｒougｈｓ1０.＿__＿______ｉsidentifieｄasｔhefａtheroｆｍodｅrｎＡｍerｉｃａｎpoeｔry,whoalsoplａysaｎimportａntroleｉｎtraｎｓmittingChｉnesecultureｔoｔheEｎglish-sｐeａkinｇworld．Ａ.T.S．Eliotﻩ ﻩ B.RobｅrtFrostC.EzraPound ﻩﻩ ﻩD.WａｌｔＷhiｔmanI.ＣoloｎialPeriｏｄ:17tｈ～18thTheinflｕenｃeofＰuriｔaｎismonwｒiting:freｓｈ,siｍplｅandpｌainｔraceableｔothｅdirｅctinfluencｅoｆthｅBiblｅfrequｅｎｔreｆeｒencetｏtheｔｅｃhnｉｑueofsymbolismAnneBradstreetTheＴentｈMｕseLaｔelySprungｕpｉnAmeｒicaMｉchaelWigglesworthThｅDayofDoomEdwaｒｄTaｙlor:ａmｅtaphｙｓicalpoetＢenjaminFraｎklin:ｔｈesｐokeｓmanoｆｔheAmerｉcaｎEnlightｅnｍｅnｔ(AgeofReaｓon/GreatAwａkenｉnｇ);creaｔｅdｔheｉmageofthｅYａnkeepseuｄonym：SｉlｅnceＤogoodPoｏｒＲicharｄ’sAlmanａｃＡuｔobiograｐhyＴhｏｍasＰaiｎe（hissｔyle:plain)CｏmmoｎSense—thefｉrｓｔｐａmpｈlｅｔurｇingimmediaｔｅｉｎｄｅpｅｎｄencｅfromＢritａｉn;hismosｔｆamousｐａmphlｅｔ；thegreaｔestoftheRevolutｉonarｙpamphletsPｈｉlipFreｎeaｕThefirstAmeｒican-borｎpoｅt;PoetｏfｔｈeAmerｉcaｎReｖoｌutioｎＴhｅme:natiｏnａｌismTheｂｅgiｎninｇoｆＡmeriｃaｎRomａｎticisｍII.ＲomanｔicPerioｄ:1)EarlｙRｏmａｎtｉcsNｅwEｎglanｄPoｅts(Ｆiｒeside/ＳchｏolrooｍＰoeｔs):HenryWadsｗｏｒthLoｎgfellｏwＴheｓｏnｇｏｆHｉａwａtha—theｆｉrｓtAmｅricanepicinｂlanｋｖersｅabouttheAmｅriｃanIndianｓＴheｆiｒsｔAｍericanpoｅttobeｈonoreｄｂyhavinｇｈｉsｂustplacedｉnｔhePoets’ＣｏrnｅｒｏｆWestminsｔerAbbｅyＷilliaｍCullenBrｙant：thｅAmericanWorｄswｏrtｈThａｎatｏpsis(pondｅringonｄｅath)—hisgrｅatestpｏeｍNoｖeｌist：JamesFeｎimoreＣoｏpｅr:thefirsｔsuccesｓｆulAmerｉcanｎovｅｌｉst32novels3kinds:ａbouｔtheｒｅvolutioｎarｙpａｓt—TheSpyaｂouttｈeｓea—Thepilot★aboｕtthｅｆｒｏntier—TheLeａｔherｓtocｋingTales（ＴheＰioneerｓ,ＴheLastoftheＭoｈiｃans,ＴhePrairiｅ,TｈePathfｉnｄer,ａndTｈeDeerｓlaｙｅｒ;pｒotagoniｓt：NａｔtyBumppｏ－－“ｔheeｓｓentｉalAｍericansoul”byD．H．Lａwrｅnce）StｏryＷｒｉterandProseStyｌisｔ:WashingtoｎIrvingＴheＳketｃhＢookｗonｈiminterｎatｉonａｌfａme“RipＶaｎWinｋle”&“TｈｅLｅgｅndoｆSｌｅeｐyHollｏw”“Crａｙｏn”sｔyleIntroｄucedthefａｍｉlｉareｓｓａytｏAmerｉcａII.RomantｉｃＰeriod:2）TraｎｓｃｅndentalistsＮewＥnglandTransｃendｅntaliｓm=AmｅricａnRenaisｓanｃeFeatｕｒes:Ｉtｓtreｓsｅdthｅpoweｒｏfｉntuiｔion.Itｐｌacｅｄspｉrｉtfirstａndｍaｔterseｃｏｎd.ＩtｔoｏｋnaｔureａssymbolicofspiｒiｔorGod.Itｅｍphaｓｉzedthesiｇnｉfiｃancｅofthｅiｎdｉvidｕａl.Itenviｓionｅdreligionａｓanｅmotｉoｎalcｏｍmｕｎiｃatｉｏnbetwｅenanindiｖidualsｏuｌandtheuniveｒsaｌ“Ｏｖersoul”.Itｈeldtｈatcoｍmerceｗａsdegraｄｉng.ＴｈeＴrａｎscｅndeｎtalClｕｂ&theirｊourｎａlＴｈeDialＥssaｙisｔs:ＲａlphＷaldoＥｍerｓonTranｓcｅｎｄentalism’smostsｅminａｌｆｏrｃeTｈeLｙｃeumMoveｍentＮatｕre—“ｔheｍaniｆeｓtooｆAmericantranscｅｎdｅnｔalism”TheAｍｅｒｉcanScholar—“Ａmeriｃa’sＤeclaratｉonofInｔeｌｌectｕalInｄepeｎdeｎcｅ”HeｎｒyDａviｄTｈoreａuＨisfiｒstmajoｒiｎflｕeｎｃe:nonviｏｌｅntstruggleａｓeｘpressediｎｈis“CivｉlDｉsobedienｃｅ”Ｈisseｃondmajorinflｕenｃe:callof“BacktoNaturｅ”Walｄｅn—acｌasｓicoｆAmeｒicanpｒoｓe；readslikｅadiaｒyofanaｔuｒeｌｏverＳｙｍｂolismII.RomanticＰeriod:３)ＨighＲomantｉcsEdgarAlｌanPoeＬiｔｅrａｒytheoｒｉeｓ:1）ＡｔhｅoｒyofPoeｔｒyＴheｍｏｓtimporｔaｎｔpurposｅofｐoetryiｓthecreａtionofbｅaｕty（Englishasameｄｉuｍofpuremuｓiｃalanｄrhytｈmiｃｂeaｕty).Thetｏneofiｔshigｈeｓtｍaｎifestaｔioｎｉsoｎｅofｓadness.Thedeathoｆａbｅauｔifulｗomanistｈemostpotｅntiaｌｔopｉc．ｄeａtｈ–ｐreｄomｉnantthemeinPoｅ’swrｉting“Poｅｉｓnｏtinｔｅreｓtediｎaｎythｉngａlive.ＥverｙthｉngｉnＰoe’swrｉｔiｎgsｉｓdｅaｄ.”２)AｂｏutHiｓＦicｔｉonThemeｎｔａｌworｌdｏｆtheｐｅｏpleshoｕldｂｅiｌlｕminaｔed．Ｔheprincipleoｆcoｎcentratｉonandthemａtictoｔalitysｈouｌdbesｔresｓed．Trutｈｒaｔhｅｒtｈanｂｅａutyisｏftｅｎtheａimoｆｔｈetale．Litｅrarｙａｃhievｅｍeｎts:TheRaｖen—hismoｓtfａmousnａrraｔiｖepoemＤetｅｃtivesｔｏries,ｒaｔｉocinativeｓtories&sｃｉenceｆｉcｔｉonTheＭurｄerｓintheＲｕｅMoｒgueＴhｅFallｏfｔｈｅHouｓｅｏfUsheｒThｅＭasquｅoftheReｄＤeathＷａｌtWhitmａｎLeavｅsoｆＧraｓs(９ｅｄitiｏns）—Amerｉca’sfirstgｅｎuineepｉｃpｏemStyle:fｒeevｅrseTheenvｅlopestruｃｔuｒｅ，cataｌogueｔeｃｈｎiｑｕｅ,ｔｈｏughtrhytｈｍＲeｐｒｅsentsatｕrｎiｎｇpointinthehistoryoｆＡmerｉcanpoｅtｒyEmilｙDickinsonFｏｒtheｗｈｏｌe1９thcｅnturyshewaｓｔhｅonｌywomａnｐoｅtwhoｅｎjoyshighaｃademiｃesteeｍtoday.PｏemsThemｅｓ:religion–douｂtandbｅlieｆaboutｒeligioussｕbjｅctsdeathａndｉmmortaｌitylｏvｅ–sufferingaｎｄｆrustrationcausｅdｂylovephｙsｉcalaspectofdesirenatｕre–ｋiｎdanｄｃｒuｅｌfreeｗiｌlａndhｕmanreｓponｓiｂiliｔｙＮaｔhanieｌHaｗtｈornｅ—thefirstAmericanromａnｃeｒ;tｈefirstmajornoｖｅｌistinEｎglisｈtowｅdmorａlitytoａrtHisnoｖeｌｓwereperhａpsｔｈedeepesｔaｎｄmｏｓｔｐsyｃholｏgiｃalｉntｈe１9ｔｈcｅntury．ＴheScarｌetＬetterHesterＰryｎne，Peａrｌ,Chｉｌlingwｏrｔh,ＤiｍmeｓdalePoinｔｏｆvieｗ:Eviliｓａtthecｏreoｆｈumaｎｌife.Whereｖerthereiｓsin，thereispｕｎishment.Ｓinorｅｖｉlcanbepassedfromgenerａｔiｏnｔoｇeｎeｒatioｎ.HｅrｍanＭeivｉlle—ａnadｖｅｎturewｒiter,knowｎａs“amanwｈolivｅdwitｈcanｎibals”ＭoｂｙDicｋ—theｆirstＡmeｒicanｐroｓeepic;ｔhｅｇreａtｅstAmeｒiｃanｎovｅlbysoｍｅcriticsＡsymboltorｅpreｓentcｒuel,bｒuｔal，mａlｉciouｓｐowersoｆnaｔureTｈｅtechｎiqueｏfmultiｐleｖｉｅwsSｔylｅ:highlｙｓyｍbolicaｎdｍetａphｏricalIII．TｈeAｇeoｆRealismFｅａtuｒes：ｔｒuthfuldｅscrｉptionoflifetyｐｉcalchａrａcterundeｒtypiｃalcｉｒcuｍstanｃeoｂjectiverathｅrｔhaｎiｄｅａｌｉｚed,closeｏbｓeｒvationａndinvesｔiｇatiｏnoflifｅ“Rｅalisticwritersarelikescｉｅntistｓ.”open-ending：Liｆｅiscｏmpｌexaｎdcanｎoｔｂefuｌlｙunderstoｏｄ.Ｉtｌeavesmｕｃhroｏmfoｒｒｅａｄersｔothiｎkbｙthｅmseｌｖｅs.WｉlliamDeanＨowellsＰroｄuctiveexcepttｈegｅnreｏfpｏetryTheRiｓeofSｉlasＬaphaｍWiｌliamSydneｙPｏｒtｅr(O.Ｈenry)Tｈesurprｉseenｄiｎｇishｉｓspｅcｉalty,e.ｇ．“TheCｏpandtheAnthem”.SｈerwooｄAndeｒｓon:Winesbｕrｇ,Oｈio★ＨｅnrｙJａmes:noveｌsofｍａｎnersＤeｖelopedtheinternaｔiｏnalｎovelＤａｉsｙＭiｌｌerestａblｉsheｄｈisrｅpｕtａｔｉonatｈomeandabroad(themｅ:Ａｍericanｉnnoceｎcevs．Eurｏpeanｓopｈiｓticatｉon)TheAmｂassadorｓ:hiｓmoｓt“pｅrfecｔ”wｏrｋofａrt,claimeｄbｙhiｍsｅlf3ｉnfｌueｎｔiａlsuｂｊects:cｈilｄｒen,nｅwwｏmenandartistsTheoryofｆｉcｔioniｎｈｉｓTheＡrtoｆＦｉｃｔionChiefｃｒiterion：shｏｗinｇrａtherｔhａntellinｇhｏnors:thefｉrｓtofthe“moｄeｒnｐｓychologicalnoｖelｉ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