2023年全国中学生英语能力竞赛NEPCS高一组决赛含答案和听力

20２3年全国中学生英语能力竞赛（ＮEＰCＳ)决赛高一年级组试题(总分：１50分答题时间:1２0分钟）听力部分（共三大题,记3０分)I.Ｒespｏｎｓes(句子应答)（共5小题;每小题1分，记５分)Ｐleaselistenｔotheｆolloｗingfiｖesenｔencesaｎdｃhoosethｅbestresponsetｏeａchoneyouhｅａr.Eachｓenｔeｎｃeｗiｌlbeｒeadoｎlyonｃe．(请听句子,然后选出一个可以恰当应答你所听到的句子的最佳选项。每个句子只读一遍。)（答案涂在答题纸上）1．A.Iｔ’Ssuｎny.B.Whatapity.C．ＩthinkSＯ.D．Yoｕ’dｂettｅｒnot．2．Ａ.Iｔｈinkｉt’saweｓｔern．B.Iｄｏn’twaｎttowａtｃｈthaｔ．C.Thｅnｅwsisatsiｘｆifteen.D．I'ｌｌmeeｔyouatthｅscｈｏolgaｔｅ．3．A.I’１1havedｉnnerwｉthｙoｕ.B．Givｅｍeacallatanytime.C.Itｄｅｐendsoｎｈowｂusｙweare．Ｄ.Ｌet’Ｓgoｔｏｓeeafｉlｍ．4.A．Ｎｅvermｉｎd．B．You’rewｅlcoｍe.C．I'venoｉdｅａ.D.Thaｔ’Swonｄｅrfｕl．５.Ａ.Ｗill2o'cｌｏckｔhｉｓａftｅｒnoｏnbｅOK？B.Tｈat’Sｒeａllｙamaｚinｇ．Ｃ.Ｉ’ｌltrymyｂest.D.IlｉkeＣhｉｎesefｏodｂest.II．Dialogues(对话理解)(共15小题;每小题1分,记15分)A）Pleａselｉｓtｅntothefoｌlｏwiｎｇｆivemini－ｄialｏｇues．Eachdiａlｏgueisfollｏweｄbyaquestion.Chｏosetheｂestaｎswｅroｒpｉctureｆｏreaｃhqｕeｓtｉon.Eachｄiaｌoｇueａndqｕestioｎwiｌｌbeｒeaｄｔｗicｅ．（请听下面五组对话,每组对话后有一个问题，根据你所听到的对话内容,选择能回答所提问的最佳选项。每组对话和问题均读两遍。）(答案涂在答题纸上)６.Ａ.Ｈewｅｎtｍouｎtaｉnclｉmbinglaｓｔｙeａｒ．B.Ｈedｏesn’tｗantｔocliｍbｔhemouｎtaiｎ.C.Hehasｎ'ttraveledaｒouｎdtｈeworldｙet．D.Hｅlikeｓmouｎtａｉｎｃｌimbiｎgverｙmuch．８．A．Itａlianpaｉｎtinｇs.B.Mｏdｅrnpaintｉｎgｓ.C.Traｄiｔionaｌｐａintinｇｓ.D.Aｎypａinting.９.A．Ｔheiｒneｉgｈbour.Ｂ.Ｔhｅiｒｄaugｈteｒ.Ｃ.Theirsｔudｅnt.D.Ｔｈeiｒfrｉend．１0.B)Lisｔentoｔhefｏｌｌowiｎgｄiaｌｏgｕeanｄｃｈｏosethｅbeｓtaｎswｅrｔoｅachquｅstiｏn.Theｄｉaｌoｇuewｉｌlbereadtｗｉce．(请听下面一段对话，选择能回答下列问题的最佳选项。对话读两遍。)（答案涂在答题纸上)11.Whatｉstｈemanｆamoｕsfor？A.Ｄoｉngbｕｓiｎess.Ｂ.Coｌlectingｃoins.C.Tｅachｉngｍatｈs.D．Rｅpｏrtｉngnews.12．Wｈeｎdidthｅmanstartcollecｔiｎｇcｏiｎs?Ａ．Aftｅrheｈad１2coinｓ．B．Whenｈewas12yearsolｄ.C.１2yearｓbｅｆoreheweｎttocollｅｇｅ.D.Afterｈebecameaprofessor.13.Hoｗdoesthemaｎgeｔthecoiｎsfoｒhiscｏlleｃtiｏｎ？A．lieｔradesfｏrｒａrｅandoldones.B.Hisunｃleoftengivｅsｈiｍｓoｍe.Ｃ.Hｅaｓｋsforsomefromhisfrieｎdｓ.Ｄ.Hｉｓstudentsｇivehｉmsoｍｅregulａrly.14．Whａtisｔhewｏｍan？Ａ,Ａｎurse．B.Ateａcher.C.Aｒeporter.D.Abｕsiｎｅssｗoman．15.Howmanｙcｏinsdoｅsthemanｈaｖenow?A.1,200．B．2,5０0．C.Ｏvｅｒ5，0００.D．Oveｒ６，0０0.III.Passａges(短文理解)(共1０小题；1６-20每小题１分，２1-２5每小题2分计15分)Ａ)Ｌistｅｎtoｔhｅfoｌlowingmateriａｌandｃhoosｅthebeｓtaｎswｅｒtoeachquestionaｃcｏｒdingｔotｈｅmaterialyｏuheａr.Thｅmateｒialwillberｅadtwice.(请听下面一段材料，根据你所听到的内容，选择能回答所提问的最佳选项。材料读两遍。)(答案涂在答题纸上)16.Whatdｏestheoｌdsｏngｈoｌd?Ａ.Apieｃeoｆgoｏdaｄｖｉcｅfｏraｄulｔｓ．B．Apｉeceｏfvaｌuablｅinfoｒmatiｏnfｏrbusinessmｅn．Ｃ.AnimpｏrtantｍessａgｅfoｒtheＷholewoｒld.D.Ａniｍportａnｔｒｕｌeforｔhewholewoｒld．１7.Ｗhｅnｗastｈesongplａyｅdby8，000rａdioｓｔａtionsaｔthｅsametiｍe?A.InＡpｒil,1890.Ｂ．InAprｉｌ,18９5.C.InＡprｉl,198０．Ｄ．InＡｐrｉｌ,198５．18．Wｈeredｉdｔhesｏngbecｏmｅthenumberoｎesｏｎg?A．ＩｎtｈeUS.B.ＩnthｅUK.C.InｔｈeUSaｎｄｉnｔhｅUK.D.ＯutsiｄetｈeUSａｎｄtｈｅUＫ．19.Hｏwｍａｎycｏpｉesdidｉtｓｅllinｊｕstthreｅdａys?A．About18，００0.Ｂ.Oｖer８00,000．C.Oｖer１,80０,000.D.Abｏut８,000,000.20.Ｗｈａt'stｈｅnameoftｈesｏng?A.WiｔhouttheWｏrld．B.WitｈoutaＷoｒd.Ｃ.WeAreonｔheＷｏrld.D．WｅＡretheWｏｒld.B)Pleaｓelｉstｅｎｔｏｔhefollｏｗingｍateｒｉａl,ａnｄfiｌlinｔheblaｎksａcｃordinｇtoｔｈemateｒiaｌyouheaｒｗithoneoｒtwｏｗoｒds.Themaｔerialwilｌbｅrｅaｄtwiｃe.(请听下面一段材料,根据你所听到的材料内容填空，每空填一到两个单词。材料读两遍。)(答案涂在答题纸上)ＵｓｅＣｕltuｒalrelicｓａre(21)______ｔhａtremｉndpeoｐleofthｅpaｓt．By(２2）______＿＿culturalrelicｓ,wecａnlearnｗhａｔｏｕraｎcestorsdidａndhowthｅylｉved．ＦａｃtMaｎyｐeoｐｌeｓｔeaｌtheseanciｅntthinｇｓ(23)_____＿_______＿.ＷhａttoｄoTo（24)_＿______ourvａｌuablｅculｔuraｌrｅlics,iｔisnecesｓaｒytｏ(25）tｏstoppeoplefromdestｒｏyingthｅm.笔试部分(共七大题,计１20分）I．Mｕltipｌｅ-ｃhoicｅ(选择填空）(共1５小题,每小题1分，计1５分)Foｒeachoftheｆｏllowｉｎgsentencｅｓｏrdialｏgｕeｓ,thｅreａrｅfourｃhoices，markedA,Ｂ，Ｃ,ａnｄＤ.Pleaseｃｈooseｔhｅansｗｅrｔhaｔbeｓtcompｌetｅｓtｈeｓentｅnce.(下列各句或对话均具有Ａ，B,C，D四个选项中，请从四个选项中选出可以完毕该句或对话的最佳选项。)(答案涂在答题纸上)26.Ilikeｌiｓteｎingtomusic;bｕtmｕsicinthisfiｌmｉsｂoring.A．/；theB./;/C．ｔhe:theＤ．tｈｅ;/27．Heｄividｅｄthesweｅtｓthechiｌｄrｅnwhoｗeredｉｖidedthreeｇrｏups.A．in;inB.ｉnｔo;inｔoC.between;inD.among；into２8.Itissuｃhａgｏodbｏokiswｏrthaｇain！A．that;rｅadinｇＢ．aｓ;ｔobereａdＣ．thatit:ｒｅadiｎgD．ｗhicｈ；beingread29．Ｓoonaｆtertheacｃidｅnｔ,policeｗereseｎttothｅplacetokeeporｄｅr.Ａ.scoreｓＢ.ｓｃoｒeofC.scoresoｆD.ｔwoscoｒesoｆ30.When____＿__downthehill,ｈiscar_＿_____uｐsiｄedowｎ.A.caｍe;ｔurneｄB．coｍiｎｇ;turnedC.ｃame;tｕrninｇＤ．coｍｉnｇ;tuｒｎing31.Ｓuｓanhａsbｅenｆｏｒtｕnatｅｔoｆindａgｏｏdjｏbsｈeｌovesｉnthiscｉｔy,andsheｇetｓwｅlｌpaidfｏrｉt.A.ｗｈat'ｓmorｅB.sooneｒorｌaterC.asifD．ｍｏｒｅorless32．Thｅteachersａrebusｙ_____＿__theｅxaｍpａpersｗhｉlｅtｈestｕdenｔsarｅbusytheeｘａｍs.Ａ.prepare;prｅpａreforＢ.preparing;pｒepaｒｉngｆorC.ｐｒｅparefor;ｐrepareD.ｐrｅpariｎgｆｏr;pｒeｐaring33.Ａｔpresent,mｏreａｎdｍoｒepｅoplｅｆroｍthecountrysiｄearegoiｎgiｎtotheｃｉtiesin__＿_＿_＿ｏfbettｅｒjobs.A．favourＢ.ｈｏｎoｕｒC.ｍemoryＤ.ｓearch３4.Tｈenｅwstｈaｔthｅwｏｍａnwａssｔiｌl_______ｆｉvedaysａfterthｅtsunaｍiwaｓbroadcasｔon___＿_TVwoｒldwｉde．A.aｌｉve;aliveB．livｉnｇ;aliveC．aｌive;ｌiveＤ.liveｌy；ｌiｖe35．＿___＿_＿＿hasbｅeｎinｔroduceｄtｏｔhestudｅntｓtohelpthｅmmaｋeprogress.Ａ．MaｎyｂooksａsｗelｌasｓｏmｅａdviceＢ.ＮｏtｏｎlysoｍeadviｃｅｂuｔａlsｏｍaｎｙｂｏokｓＣ.ＳomeａdｖicｅaswellasmaｎybｏoksD.Someadｖicｅandmanybooks36．MａriaaｎdＩ_＿__＿_＿_friendsfｏreiｇhtyｅaｒs．Ｗeｆｉrstgoｔtｏknoweaｃｈotheratａwedｄinｇparty.Ｂｕtｗe___＿＿__eachotheｒsｅveｒaltｉmesbefoｒｅthat.A.ｈadbeen;hａvｅseｅnＢ．ｈａｖebｅeｎ;haｖeseenC.haｄｂｅen;hadｓeeｎD.ｈavebeen;hａdsｅeｎ３7.Iｓuggestedthａtheｔoｈoｓpiｔalaｔoｎce,bｕthｅinsistｅdthathｅｑuitewｅllｔhen.A.wasｓent；ｆeｌtB.shouldbesｅｎt;wａsfeelｉngC.besｅnt；feeｌD.ｓhouｌdbｅseｎt;ｓhｏｕldfeel3８.-－Ｄidyouhａｖｅagｏoddayatschool?--Ｙeah，Ｉｈaｄagｒeaｔdａｙ.IｇottｈｅpartofJulietinｔhｅschｏolplay!Ｃaｎｙｏuｂｅｌiｅveit?--_____＿＿_____＿_Ｉ'ｌlｃoｏkyouｒｆａvoｕriｔefｏrdｉnｎer.A.Thａt＇sexcellentｎews!Ｂ．That＇saｌlriｇht.Ｃ.Don'tbｅrｉdiculoｕs!D.Takeiｔeaｓy．39.--Ｉsthatreａllywhatｙoｕ'rewearｉｎgtomeetyｏurｎewboｓs?--＿_____＿Ｗhat'ｓwrｏngwithｗhatI＇ｍwearｉｎg?--Weｌｌ..．iｔ'sjust．.．Ｗｈydon'tyｏｕｐutonsomeｔhinｇsmａｒｔｅr?Youlookabitofamess．Ａ.Wｈaｔdｉdyｏｕsaｙ?Ｂ.Wｈａtdoyoｕmean？C.Ｙｏｕｍuｓtｂeｋiddｉng.Ｄ.Nevermind．40.--I＇ｖebeenｔhinkｉｎgabｏutquｉｔtinｇthiｓcourｓｅ．Itｓeemsｉtdoesn'tsuitｍｅ.－-Yｏucan'tsｔoptｒｙingｎow.Thinkofalltｈeｔimeｙou'veinvested.--Iｋnow，I'vethougｈtofthatbutIｄoｎ'tｔhinkIhavemｕｃhchoice,A.I'lｌｓeeyｏｕｔherｅ.B.Ｔhat'sagoodidea,C.Yｏucan＇ｔbeserｉous.D.I'lｌgiveiｔａｇo．ⅡClozｅ(完形填空)(共1５小题：每题１分，计15分)A)Pｌｅaｓerｅadthefｏllowｉnｇpasｓageandｆｉllintheｂlankswitｈthｅproperformｓｏf5woｒdｓouｔｏfthe7giｖenonesinｔｈeboxaｃcordingtｏthecoｎteｘt.(请阅读下面的短文，并根据其内容提醒,从方框中所给的7个单词中选出5个，并用其适当的形式填空。）(答案写在答题纸上）ｄｏmｉstａkｅexpｌainhoneｓtusrefuｓeMostpｅoｐlehaveｔrouｂleadmittｉnｇｔｈeｉrowｎfaults，thoｕｇｈthey'remoreｔhanhapｐytopoｉnｔoｕｔeｖｅｒyoneｅlse's．Thiscａnbe(４1)＿___＿___＿.Afterall,it'suｓuaｌlywhｅnsoｍeoneelseｔeｌlsusｔｈatweｈavedonesomethｉnｇｗrongthatwelearnsoｍetｈiｎgａboutoｕrselves.Whatｗｅhaｖetoｄoistaｋeadeepｂreath,ａｎdfａｃｅuptowｈatwehaveｄone.Remember,whｅniｔcomｅstoundｅrstanding(4２),we'renotonｏｕrｏwｎ．Eｖeryoｎewekｎoｗlendｓaheｌｐｉnｇhａnｄ！Ofｃourse,dｏｉｎgｔhewrongthinｇiｓeasy,ｂutｉt＇sｗhａtwedoａｂｏutouｒmｉstａkesｔhａtcounts.Naｔｕｒallyweaｒeａllgｏodaｔ(4３)tobeｌievｅthａtｗehaｖｅｄoneanyｔｈｉｎgwrongａtaｌl.Ａsweｔrytojusｔiｆyouraｃtiｏns,ouｒ(44）getmｏreaｎdmorｅＣomplicaｔｅd.Wetｒyｔoｃｏnviｎｃｅtｈelisteｎerｔhatweareｔelliｎgtｈｅtｒuth，butit'ｓｏｆnoｕsｅ．Tｈｅre'snocｈａnｃｅatalltｈattｈeywiｌｌbｅｌievｅus．Anｄtｈeｔrｕtｈisthａtｉtiｓoursｅlvｅswｅｈａvedｅceived（蒙骗），ｎｏtthｅm.That＇ｓｔｈeverypoｉntI'mtrｙingｔomake.Whａteｖeｒyｏｕdo,don'tgetｉntｏthehabitｏfｄｅｃeｉvingｙｏurself．Whatisdｉfｆicultis（45)______aｄｍitｔｉｎgthatweaｒeｗroｎg---eｓpeciallｙtooｕrselｖes.B)Pleaserｅａdthefollowingpassａｇeandfillineaｃhｂlanｋwiｔhoｎewｏrdinoneｏfthｅfolloｗiｎｇthｒeewａyｓ:①ｂaｓｅdｏnｔhecontexｔ；②usｉngtheｐｒoｐｅrforｍoftｈegivenｗords;③basedoｎthegivenｌettersofthｅwoｒds．(阅读下面的短文，用以下三种形式之一完毕短文填空:①根据上下文填空；②用所给单词的对的形式填空；③根据单词随给首字母填空。每空一词。)(答案写在答题纸上)Adiａryｉsaninｄivｉdｕａl'spｅｒsonalaccounｔofhiｓ／ｈerｄａiｌyexperiencｅs．Veryｏften，ｄiaries(4６)ｃon＿＿___nｏtjustｄeｔａilsｏfwhatｈappenｅｄonｐarticuｌaｒdays,butａlsoincｌｕdｅ(47)(obseｒvｅ)andthoｕgｈtsinｓpｉredbytheeventsrecoｒｄed.Itiｓverylikelyｔhatmanyoｆyouｈavetrｉedtokeeｐadｉaryatｓｏmｅtimeｏrotｈｅrandｅquａlｌｙｌikelythatmanyofyoｕ(48)up.eitherｂｅｃａusekeｅpingiｔgoiｎgbecametoomｕchofａchoｒeorbｅcauｓeyoufeltthａｔwｈａtｙｏuwerｅrｅcｏrdiｎｇwasoｆlittｌeinｔeｒest.(49）Ｈ，ｏtｈerｓamongyoｕmayｓtillbekeeｐiｎgａregulａraｃcouｎtoｆyouｒａctｉvｉtieｓinadiaryforｍanddiｓcｏvｅrｉngｔhｅvaｌueofbeiｎgableｔo(５0）exyouｒpｒivａtethoughｔsandfeeｌiｎgs,knowiｎgｔhａｔｔhｅyarenotｉntｅndedtobesharedｗｉthａnｙｏnｅelse.Ａlｔｈoughsoｍｅpeｏplｅ,sｕcｈasｐoｌiｔｉciaｎs,ｋeepｄiａriｅｓｉｎｏrｄｅｒｔoexplainandjustifythｅir(51)__＿_＿_(contriｂuｔe）toiｍporｔanteｖentｓanｄwithtｈｅiｎtentｉonthａttheirｄiaｒieswillonedaybepublｉsｈeｄ,ｎotａlldｉariesａre(52)________（write）ｆoｒtｈispurposｅ．Mostpｅｏplekeepdiａriesforｐrecｉselｙ(恰恰)ｔhe(53)oｐ_____ｒｅaｓontｈｅywanｔwhatthｅyｗrｉtetoｂekept(５4)＿_____andｔobeseｅnbythｅireyesonlybｅｃausetｈｅｙuｓetｈeｉrdiａriesasanopｐortuｎitytoeｘpresｓｔheiｒmoｓtｉntimate(秘密的)thｏｕghtｓａndfeｅlinｇｓaｂouttheiｒ(55)expandtｈepeopletheyｍeet．ＩＩI.RｅａdingCompｒehensｉon(阅读理解)(共２0小题，５6-6０每小题1分，61-7５每小题2分计３5分)Ｒｅadthefｏｌｌowｉngpassages.Eacｈｐａｓsａgeiｓfoｌlowｅdｂyｓeveralqueｓtｉoｎs.Pｌeａｓeresponｄtｏｔhequｅｓｔioｎsaccorｄinｇtoｔhｅreｑｕirementsgivｅnaｔthｅenｄofeａcｈqueｓtｉon.(阅读下列短文，每篇短文后设有若干问题,请根据短文后的规定回答问题）(5６-58小题大案涂在答题纸上,５９－75小题答案写在答题纸上)AIｆyouaｓksomeonewｈyheorｓｈewearsclotｈes，theａｎｓｗerwiｌｌprobablｙｂe"Tｏkeｅpwａrmandtocovｅrmybody."Theseａrｅｔｈｅbasicｒeasonｓclｏthesareworn,butpeoplｅalsowanttoｌookattractivｅanｄapｐearsucｃessfultoothｅrｓ!Ｉfｐeoｐｌｅonlyｗoreclｏthesforwarｍthanｄｔｏｃovｅrtheｉｒbodies,mostclothinｇwouｌdbｅｓiｍpｌeanｄｃｈeap.IｎmｏstWestｅrncｏuntrｉes,howevｅr,clothｉngiｓsomｅｔimesveｒｙexpｅnsiｖe．Tｈemaｉnreaｓｏnforthｉsｉsnotthecostoｆｔhefaｂrｉc(布料)orｔhｅcoｓtofmａｋingtｈecloｔhｅs．Ｔhｅcloｔheｓareexpensivebｅcauｓｅoｆｆａshｉon.Ｓuccｅssfulbuｓｉnｅsｓmen,fｏrexaｍpｌｅ,ｏftｅｎｗearｖeｒyｅxpeｎｓivesuｉtｓ,shirtsanｄｔiｅs.Sｏmeｔimｅｓtheypaythｏuｓandｓofdｏｌｌａrsforasｕｉtandhundrｅdｓofdolｌａｒsｆoratie.It'ｓstillｊuｓｔasｕitandtieｂｕttheypaｙthｅｓeｐricesｂecauseｏfｔhefaｍoｕsnameofthｅｄｅsigｎer．Asuｉtcosｔingmuｃhｌesswoｕｌdｂejuｓｔａswarmandwouｌdｃovｅrthewｅａrer'ｓbｏdyjuｓｔasweｌl.Fashioｎiscｏｎｓtａｎtlｙ(不断地)ｃｈaｎgｉnｇ，whicｈmeａnstｈaｔpeｏpleｗhowanｔｔｏｂeｆashｉｏnａｂlehavetobuｙnewclotheｓevｅryfｅwmonths,eveｎifｌａstmonth'ｓclotheｓhavｅonｌybeenｗoｒnｏnceｏｒｔwicｅ.Someｐeoplehaｖｅｗardｒｏbes(衣柜)ｆullofｃlothestｈａthaｖｅhａrdlｙｂｅeｎworｎbutarenｏlｏｎgeｒinｆashｉon．Ｂeingｆaｓｈioｎable,tｈｅreforｅ,ｃaｎbｅａｖeｒyeｘｐenｓiｖepaｓtime!Ｑueｓｔｉons５6-58:CｈooｓethｅbeｓｔａnswerfroｍA,Ｂ，CａndDaｃcorｄingtotｈepaｓsage.56．Whyｄｏｐeoplewearclothes？A.Ｏnlytocovｅrｔｈemselveｓ．B．Jｕｓttｏmakｅｔhemselveｓaｔtraｃｔivｅ．C.Jｕstｂeｃausｅoffaｓhion.Ｄ.Ｆoｒavarｉetｙofrｅasｏns.57.Succｅssｆulbusｉnｅssmeｎbuyveｒyexpｅnsivesuitsbecaｕseofthe________．A.costofthｅｆabricB.ｆａmousnameofthedesiｇnerC.costｏfmakingthｅmＤ.ｇｏｏdpackagｅs5８．Acｃｏｒdingtothepaｓsage，fａshionａbleｐｅopｌehavｅto____＿__＿.A.weartｈeｉrclｏthesoｎlyoncｅB．buynewclothesｒegｕlarｌyC．wearlａstmonth'sclotｈｅｓＤ.ｂuｙnｅwClotｈesonceorｔwiｃeQueｓｔiｏns5９-6０:Decｉdeｗhetｈerthefolｌｏwｉnｇｓtatementｓaｒｅtrue(T）orfalse(F)aｃcoｒdｉngtotｈｅpassａgｅ.５9.Successfｕｌbuｓineｓsｍｅnpａythｏuｓａndsofdollaｒsfoｒatｉe.60.Somｅcｌothesａrenolongerinfaｓhionthoughtheyhａvｅｈａｒdlｙbeenｗｏｒｎ.BＴhere'reｔｗｏｍａｉnthiｎgsthａｔmaｋｅaｉｒｃraftenｇinｅeringｄifficult:thｅneedtomａkeｅvｅｒypaｒｔaｓｒeliabｌe(可靠的）ａｓpｏssｉｂleandthenｅｅdtobuildeverytｈinｇａslｉｇｈtａsｐoｓｓible.(61)_______________＿__＿＿_Gｉvenａcertainｐowｅroｆeｎgineanｄacｅｒtａiｎfuelcoｎｓumptiｏn(消耗)，thereｉｓapｒaｃticallimitｔotｈetotalweiｇｈｔoｆtｈeairｃｒafttｈａtcａnbｅmａｄｅtｏfly．（6２)Sｏthestructureofｔheａirｃrａｆｔhastobeassmallａｎｄlｉgｈtａssafeｔyaｎdefｆiciｅncｙ(效能)willallow.Theｄesignｅrｍustcalculaｔe(计算)ｔheｎormalload(负荷ｔhaｔeaｃhｐartwilｌｂｅａｒ.Ｔｈisspecialｉsｔisｃａlledthe"stresｓman".Hetａｋｅｓａｃcｏｕntofaｎyunuｓuaｌstreｓsthatmaybeputonthｅpaｒt.Tｈeｓtreｓsman'sｃａlｃulａtioｎsgotothedesｉgnｅｒｏfthepａrt,ａｎｄheｍusｔmakeitasｓｔrongａｓｔhestresｓmａnsaysisneｃeｓsarｙ.(63）Eａcｈseparatepａrtistｅsted，tｈenａwhoｌeassemblｙ（装配)--forｅｘａmple,acomｐlｅtｅwing,andfinallｙtｈewholｅaｅｒoplane.Wｈenanewｔyｐeoｆaerｏplａneisbeingmade.nｏrmａlｌｙonlyoｎｅoftｈeｆirstthrｅemadewillbefｌoｗｎ．Twｏwiｌｌbｅdesｔｒｏyｅdonthegrｏuｎｄinstｒucturaltｅｓts.(６4）________＿_＿___(65)Thefiｒstistｏfindｔheｒesisｔａncｅ（阻力)tｏｌoadｉｎgoftｈewinｇs，taiｌ,etc.ｕntiｌthｅyreaｃhｔhｅirｌarｇeｓtamouｎtoｆlｏadandcｏllａpsｅ(崩溃).Theothertesｔisfoｒfaｔigｕe(疲乏）sｔｒｅngtｈ.Ｗheｎaplaｎehasｐaｓsｅｄaｌltｈetestｓiｔcanｇetaｇｏvｅrnmｅｎtcertiｆicate(证书)ofaiｒｗortｈｉness,withoutwhiｃhitisilｌegａltoflｙ,eｘceptfoｒtestflyｉng.Quesｔiｏｎｓ61-65:ＣhoosefｒｏmthｅｓeｎｔencesA-Ｇtoｃompletethepassaｇe．Thereａｒetwoｅｘtｒaｓentencｅswｈｉｃｈyouｄｏnｏtnｅedtouse．A，Twokindsoｆgｒｏundsｔrengｔｈｔｅｓｔsarｅcarriedout．B.Onｅortwoｓampｌｅｓareａｌwａysｔesteｄtｏprｏveｔhaｔtｈeyareasstronｇａｓthｅdｅsignerｉnteｎded.C.Ｅaｃhmayｂewｅllundeｒwhatｔｈestrｕctｕrecoulｄstaｎdasasiｎｇleload,ｂｕｔmanyrｅpetitｉonsｃａｎｒesultincoｌlapse.Ｄ.Thethｉrｄonewillbetestｅdiｎｔheaｉr.E．Ｍakiｎgｔhewｏrkinｇpartsｒelｉａblｅiｓasdｉfｆicultａｓmakinｇtheｓtrｕｃtｕreｓtrｏngenｏugh:F．Thｅfａctthａｔanaeroｐlaneｉsupintｈｅairａndcanｎotstoｐｉfａｎythinｇgoesｗroｎg,ｍakesｉtpｅrhapｓａmatterｏfliｆeordeatｈthatitsｐeｒfｏｒｍanceiscompｌetｅlｙdｅｐendａble.G.Ｏuｔoftｈatweｉghtaｓｍuｃhaspossiｂleisｗantedfｏrfuｅl,ｒadionaviｇatｉonalinｓtruments(导航设备),ｐａｓsｅnｇerseａts,orfreｉｇhｔ（货品)ｒoom，aｎd,oｆcourse,thepassengｅrsorfrｅiｇhtthemｓeｌves．CＡｕctｉonｓ(拍卖)ａrepubliｃsalｅsofgｏodｓ,conductedbｙanoffｉciaｌｌyａpprovedauctioneer．Heasｋｓthecrｏwdasｓembledintheaｕｃtioｎ-roomtomaｋeｏｆｆers,oｒ"bids",foｒtｈevariousｉｔemsonｓale．Heencoｕragesbuyeｒｓtobiｄhiｇherfｉｇuｒes,andfinalｌｓthehighestbｉdderasthebｕｙerｏfthegoods．Ｔhisiscａlled"ｋｎocｋingdoｗn"ｔhegｏods,forthebiｄdingenｄswhｅntheａｕｃtiｏneeｒbaｎgｓasmaｌlhammerｏnatａblｅatwｈiｃhheｓtands.ＴheancieｎtRoｍansproｂａblyｉnventedｓalｅsbyauｃtiｏn,andｔheEngｌishwｏｒdcｏmesｆｒomtheLａｔin＂ａuctｉo＂,meａning"inｃｒease＂.TheRｏmaｎsusuａllysｏlｄinthｉsｗaｙtｈｅｓpｏilｓ(战利品])takeninwａr；thesｅsalｅswerecaｌled"sｕbhａstａ＂,ｍeaning"uｎderｔｈeｓpear",ａspｅarbeiｎgｓtuckiｎthegroundaｓａsiｇnaｌfｏracrowｄｔｏｇathｅｒ．IｎEnｇｌandiｎthｅ1８tｈanｄ19ｔhceｎtｕriesgoodswerｅｏftｅｎsold"byｔｈｅcａndle":ashortcaｎdlｅｗaslitbｙｔhｅauｃｔioneer,ａndbidscouldｂemadｅwｈiｌeｉｔstayedａliｇhｔ．Theauｃｔioｎｅer＇ｓsｅｒvicesarｅｐaｉdｆorｉｎtheformofａpercentageoftheｐricetheｇooｄsａresoldfor.Theauctionｅｅrｔherefｏｒehａｓaｄirectintｅrestiｎｐusｈingupthｅbiddｉngashighaspossible.Theａｕcｔiｏneermｕstknowfａｉrｌyａccuratｅlythecurrentmaｒketvａｌuesｏfthegoodshｅiｓsｅｌling,andｈesｈｏuldbeａcｑｕaiｎtｅdwｉｔh(了解)regularｂｕyｅrsofsuchgoods．Hewillalsopｌayontherｉvａlriｅｓ（竞争)amｏnghisｂｕyersandｓucceedingeｔｔiｎgahighpｒicｅｂyeｎcouragｉngtwobusinesｓcoｍｐetitorstobｉdagaiｎstｅacｈｏtheｒ.Ｑuestionｓ6６-7０:Answｅrｔｈefoｌｌoｗinｇquesｔionsａccordingtothepａｓsａge．６６.Ｗｈｏmaｒｅauctionsｃｏnducteｄby?67．Wｈyiｓｔheendoｆthebiｄdingcalｌeｄ"ｋｎockingdown"?68.WhｅｒedｉdｉteｍsｔheＲomanｓｕｓｅｄtosｅlｌbyａuctiｏncomｅfrom?69.Whaｔistheuseｏｆａcandlｅburneｄatauctionsalｅs?70.Howarethｅaｕctionｅer'sｓerｖｉcesｐaiｄfoｒ?DＡｍerｉcansｓmokesixtｈｏｕsaｎdmillｉoncigarｅtteｓｅveｒy-year（1９7０ｆｉｇｕｒｅs).Thisisroｕgｈlyｔｈeequiｖａlｅnｔ（相称于）of4,１95ｃiｇarettesａyearfｏreveryｐｅrｓoｎinthecoｕntrｙoｆ1８yearsofagｅorｍore.Itisesｔimated(估计)ｔｈat51%ofAmericanmensｍokecｏｍpａｒｅdｗitｈ34%ofAmｅricanwomeｎ.Ｃigarｅtｔeｓmｏkinｇisｂelievedbymostreｓeａrcｈwoｒkeｒsinthｉsfielｄｔｏbeanimportantfaｃtorinthedeveｌopmenｔｏｆcaｎcｅｒｏfthelｕngsandcancｅrofｔhethroat．Ｓｏｍecoｍpetｅｎtｐhysicｉａnsａｎdreseaｒchwｏrkerｓ－-thoughｔheｉrsmaｌlnuｍbｅrｉｓdｗiｎdlｉng（减少)evenfurtｈer--arｅleｓssureｏｆtheｅｆfectofciｇaretｔｅsｍokingonｈealth.Ｔheycｏnsidertｈeincreaseｉnｒｅsｐiratorｙ(呼吸道）diｓeaｓesaｎｄｖaｒｉｏｕsformsofｃanceｒmaypossibｌybeexplａinedbyｏtheｒfacｔorsｉnthecomｐlexhumａnｅnvirｏnmｅｎｔ．Ｇｒaduａlly,hｏｗeｖer,researｃhisｉsoｌaｔinｇ(使隔离)aｌｌｏｔheｒpossｉbleｆactorｓaｎdpｒoviｎgthemtｏbｅｓｔatiｓticallyｉｒrelevanｔ.Wｈilｅaｌlｔobaccosmokinｇaffeｃｔsｌｉfeexpectanｃyandhｅalth，cｉgaｒettesｍｏkｉngaｐｐeａrstoｈaｖeamｕchgreatｅrｅffectthancｉgaroｒpipｅsmokiｎg.Ｆｉltｅrsandlｏwtaｒ（焦油)ｔobacｃoａreｃｌaｉｍedtomakｅsmokingtoｓomeeｘtentsａｆer,buttｈeｙcanonｌｙｍarginally（略微）redｕｃe，noteliｍinaｔe(消除),theｈａzaｒds(危险）.Quｅstionｓ71-７5:Ｐlｅasecｏmpletethesuｍｍarｙｏｆthepassaｇeabｏｖewithoｎlyonewordfoｒｅacｈblank．ＮeaｒlyhａｌfｔheadｕlｔpopuｌａtionoftheU.S.A.ａresmｏkerｓ,in（71)ｏfthefａcｔthａtmeｄicalresearchhａｓshｏwｎbeｙondreasｏnabledoｕbtthaｔsｍokｉngisａssｏｃiａteｄwｉthｐoｏrhealtｈ．Onevery(7２）_____dｉseasewitｈｗhichsmｏkiｎgisthｏuｇhttｏbe(7３），ｉｓcanceｒ.However,ａｆewdoctorstｈinksｕchtｈｉnｇsasｂｒｏｎchitis(支气管炎)andcancerhavｅｏth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