上海市徐汇区2022届高三英语一模试卷及答案(官方版)

2022学年第一学期徐汇区学习能力诊断卷高三英语试卷2022.1I、听力〔略〕II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections：Afterreadingthepassagesfillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.(A)ResidentsofsouthernCaliforniaaretryingtogetusedtoskyrocketingpricesforgasoline.Theaveragepricefor87octaneeconomygasis$2.22,almost30percenthighertodaythanitwas12monthsago.The(25)(low)gaspriceintheSouthlandrightnowis$2.09agallonattheSeashellstationinArcadia.Thestationmanager,Everett,saidthereasonhisgasischeaperthanelsewhereis(26)heboughtalotofgastwoyearsagoat(27)(reduce)prices,soheispassinghissavingsontohiscustomers.ThelinesattheSeashellstationoftenrun10to20vehicleslong.Thepolicehavebeenhereseveraltimes(28)carsblocktrafficonHorsetrailDrive.Everettsaid,“ItellpeopleinlinethattheBarcostationablockawayisonly$2.14,(29)ratherwaitandsave5cents.OKwithme,ofcourse.Idon’tmind(30)(make)money.〞Ayoungmanpumpinggaswassaid(31)(wait)inlinefor20minutes.Whenaskedwhyhegoablockawaywheretherewerenolines,hesaid,“Everypennycounts.WhenIboughtthis’99Bummer,gaswasonly$1agallon,whichwasprettycheap.So,(32)Ionlygeteightmilespergallon,1/9Iwasn’tpayingthatmuchtofillmytank.Buttoday’spricesarekillingme.Idrivetowork,andIdrivetothegrocerystore.That’sit.Iusedtodrivearoundtheneighborhoodjusttoshowoffmywheels,butI(33)neverdothatanymore.〞(B)PeoplejokethatnooneinLosAngelesreads;everyonewatchesTV,rentsvideos,orgoestothemovies.Themostpopularreadingmaterialiscomicbooks,moviemagazines,andTVguides.Citylibrarieshaveonly10percentofthetraffic(34)carwasheshave.Buthowdoyouex-plainthis?AnannualbookfestivalinwestLosAngelesis\tobecomeavailable.Thisoutdoorfestival,sponsoredby(35)newspaper,occurseveryAprilforoneweekend.Thisyear'sattendance(36)(estimate)at70,000onSaturdayand75,000onSunday.(34)Thefestivalfeatured280exhibitors.Therewereabout90talksgivenbyauthors,withanaudiencequestion-and-answerperiod(37)(follow)eachtalk.Autographseekers(38)(seek)outmorethan150authors.Afoodcourtsoldallkindsofpopularandethnicfoods,fromAmericanhamburgerstoHawaiianshaveicedrinks.(39)a$7parkingfee,thefestivalwasfree.Evenso,somepeopleavoidedthefoodcourtpricesbysneakingintheirownsandwichesanddrinks.PeoplecamefromalloverCalifornia.OnecoupledrovedownfromSanFrancisco.“Thisistheirsixthyearherenow.Welovesaidthehusband.“Itisjustfantastictobeinthegreatoutdoors,tobeamongsomanybooksandauthors,andtogetsomeverygooddeals,too.〞Theideaforthefestivaloccurredyearsago,butnobodyknewitwouldsucceed.AlthoughbookfestivalswerealreadypopularinotherUScities,wouldLosAngelesresidentsembraceone?(35)Oneofthefestivalfounderssaidthatitalldependsasangelinosareveryunpredictable.SectionB2/9Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Echawordcanbeonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.observersB.customsC.isolatedD.occasionallyE.rejectedF.intentionallyG.preferringH.althoughI.distinctiveJ.hooksK.otherPrimarilyafarmingcommunity,theAmishwasattractedtothefertilefarmlandsintheeasternUnitedStates.ThelargestconcentrationofAmishtodayisinLancasterCounty,Pennsylvania,and(41)importantgroupsareinOhio,Indiana,andOntario,Canada.TheAmisharebestknownfortheirsimplewayoflife.Theyareeasilyrecognizedbytheir(42)Clothing.Themenwearwide-brimmedblackhats,collarlessblackcoats,andblacktrousers.Thesehomemadeclothesarefastenedwith(43)andeyesinsteadofwithbuttonsorzippers.Thosewhoarestrict(44)ofAmishcustomsdonotwearnecktiesorbelts.Infact,anythingwhichisconsideredtobeapartofmodern,worldlylifeis(45).themenhavebeardsbutnimustaches.Theirlonghairispartedinthemiddleanddrawnbackovertheirears.Thewomen’sclothingisblack,(46)theywearwhiteprayercaps.Theywearhatsandlong,high-neckeddresses,longblackcoats,andblackshoesandstockings.Theyweartheirhairpartedinthemiddleandtiedbehindinabun.AnAmishwomanwearsnojewelryofanykind.TheAmishhave(47)separatedthemselvesfromthemoderntechnologicalworld.Theyprefertoliveaccordingtothe(48)oftheir17thcenturyEuropeanancestors.OftencalledthePlainPeople,theAmishliveinsimplehomeswithoutmirrors,pictures,curtainsandcarpets.Somehowtheymanagetogetalongwithoutradios,telephones,andelectriclights.Theydonotowncars,(49)totravelbyhorse.TheAmishareexcellentfarmers,yettheyrefusedtobuytractorsorothermodernfarmmachinery.Theyworkthelandwithhorse-drawnplows.3/9BecausetheAmisharelargelyself-sufficientandfairly(50)fromothercommunities,theyhaveresistedsocialchange.IIIReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:foreachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkeda,b,candD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Thenextgreatlandareathatmanhopestocontrolisthemoon.Insizeitisnearly(51)totheareaofNorthandSouthAmerica.However,itpresentsahostile(不友好的)environment.Temperatures(52)+120to-150degreesCentigrade(摄氏).Thereisnoair,andnowater.Todaythereare(53)scientificspeculation(思索)aboutlivingonthemoon.Whenmanwillbeginlifeonthemoonsurfaceisstillnot(54).Butexpertsbelievethatsettlementwilltakeplaceinthreesteps.First,therewillbeincreasingperiodsofexplorationwithtemporary(55).Theseperiodswillbefollowedbylongerstayswithhousingunderthesurfaceofthemoonandsystemsnecessaryto(56)lifebroughtbythecolonizersthemselves.Finally,coloniesthatareecologicallyand(57)self-supportingwillbeestablished.Theprincipaljoboftheearlysettlerswillbetostay(58).Theywillhavetobulidsheltersto(59)anatmospherelikethatofearth.Theywillhavetoplantcropsunderhugedomestoproducefoodand(60)andfindwatersources.Afterthisisdone,thesettlerswillhavetimetoexplorethepossibilitiesofcommercialdevelopmentandtomakediscoveriesimportanttoscience.Thecharacteristicsofthemoonthatmakeitbadforhumanstayingalivemaymakeit(61)forcertainkindsofmanufacturing.Operationsthatrequireavacuumorextremecold,arean(62).Precisionballbearing,industrialdiamonds,orcertainmedicinesmightbeproducedonthemoon.4/9Themostimmediateinterestinthemoon,however,isascientificone,Geologistscanexplorethehistoryandcompositionofthe(63).Meteorologistswillhaveopportunitiestoforecastweatheronearth.Cosmologistscanstudytheoriginofthesolarsystem,Astronomers(天文学家)canusetheiropticaltelescopesandradiotelescopes(64)ofatmosphericandman-madedistortions.Andperhapsatsomedistantdatethemooncanserveasabasefromwhichspaceexplorerscantraveltootherplanetsinthesolarsystemandtoworlds(65).51.Asuperior52.Arange53.Asociable54.Adetermined55.Amonuments56.Asacrifice57.Aeconomically58.A.active59.A.mention60.A.mineral61.A.ideal62.A.explanation63.A.earth64.A.full65.A.beyondB.essentialB.restoreB.inevitableB.occupiedB.sheltersB.supportB.sociablyB.attractiveB.motivateB.oxygenBB.starplicatedB.excursionB.consciousB.highlyC.equalC.sortC.mysteriousC.initiatedC.rocketsC.spareC.imaginarilyC.aliveC.maintainC.proteinC.difficultC.executiveC.satelliteC.lackC.elseD.fertileD.riseD.considerableD.resembledD..housesD.riskD.enthusiasticallyD.ambitiousD.monitorD.medicineD.expensiveD.exampleD.planetD.freeD.aheadSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingpassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquesitonsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.5/9(A)Culturallyspeaking,AmericamightbecalledaEuropeancolony.NoothercountrywhoseoriginslieinEuropehashadsosharpanawarenessofitsdistinctionandsuperioritytotheparentcultures.RunningthroughAmericanhistory,andthereforethroughAmericanliterature,isadoubleconsciousnessofOldWorldmodesandNewWorldpossibilities.AsAmerican,thewriterhasdistributedEurope;aswriter,hehasenviedtherichesavailabletohisEuropeanCounterpart.Inthenineteenthcenturysomeimmigrantscameinordertoavoidmilitaryserviceintheirhomeland.Butevenso,thesnowballingprocesshadformostAmericansadeep,almostlegendarysignificance.Inthelegends,EuropewasassociatedwiththePast,withBritishred-coatsatConcord,absenteelandlords(不在的地主)，dynasticpride,hunger,poverty,oppression.America,bycontrast,wasthefuture:plenty,prosperity,freedom.FormuchofitshistoryAmericahasbeenabusy,restlessland,moreinterestedininnovationthaninconservation(保守).Itspeoplehavebeenhighlyoptimistic,settinggreatstorebytheabilityoftheindividualtoovercomeobstacles.Theindividualhashadarighttoexpectsuccess.OptimismandpessimismmixunusuallyinAmericanwriting;MarkTwainisanobviousexample.Or,theindividualtendstosethimselfupinadramaticrelationshiptosociety.YetalthoughAmericanliteraturehasrevealedcertainfairlypermanenttrends,ithasnotbeenastillaffair.Itstonehaschangedfromdecadetodecade.66.Whatdoestheunderlinedparentreferto?A.CultureofparentsB.CultureofEuropeC.CultureofBritainD.CultureofAmerica67.WhatistheAmericanwriter’sattitudetowardsEurope?6/9A.HehatesEuropeforitsconversation,povertyandpermission.B.HehasnotrustinEuropeandisalsojealousofitsriches.C.HeenviesthatalltheEuropeansaremuchricher.D.HebelievesthatAmericaislookeddownupon.68.WhatisthemaincharacteristicoftheAmericanwriting?A.Thedescriptionofadramaticrelationbetweentheindividualandsociety.B.TheoptimisticdescriptionoftheAmericansovercomingobstacles.C.Thestrangecombinationofoptimismandpessimism.D.Theeverchangingofitscharacteristicfromdecadetodecade.69.Themainideaofthispassageisabout_____.A.adoubleconsciousnessinAmericanliterature.B.theEuropeanculture’scontributiontoAmericaliterature.C.optimismandpessimisminAmericawritingD.Americanscanalwaysovercomeobstacles.〔B〕Asrules,lawsarerightsandresponsibilitiestowardsociety.Lawsareagreedonbysocietyandmadeofficialbygovernments.Somepersonslookonlawswithfear,hatred,orannoyance.Lawsseemtolimitpeople’sfreedomtodomanythingstheywouldliketodo.Thoughlawsmayprventusfromdoingthingswewishtodoatthemoment,lawsmakeeveryone’slifesaferandmorepleasant.Withoutlawswecouldnotholdontoourproperty;wecouldnotgotobedatnightexpectingtowakeupinthemorningandfindthatwehadnotbeenrobbed;nostoresinwhichwebuyfood,clothes,andothernecessitiescouldstayopenandselltous.Ourbankswouldnotbesafeplacestokeepourmoney.Sociallifewouldbeimpossiblewithoutlawstocontrolthewaypeopletreatoneanother.Itisnotthelawsthatshouldbefearedbutthetroublethatcomestoeveryonewhenlawsarebroken.Oncethisisunderstood,acitizenwillnotfearorhatethelaw.Understandingtheneedforgood7/9lawsandtheevilresultsofbreakinglawsisthefirstrequirementofgoodcitizenshipandgovernment.Philosophersoncebelievedthatinprehistorictimepeoplelivedwithoutlawsina“stateofnature〞.Peoplewerefreetodoastheypleasedunlesssomeonestrongerstoppedthembyforce.Asaresult,lifebecamesodangerousandunsafethatleadershadtocreatelawstoprotectlifeandproperty.Thisisnolongerbelievedtobetrue.Scholarsnowthinkthatassoonaspeoplebeganlivinginsmallgroups,theyworkedoutrulesforgettingalongwithoneother.Intimeeveryoneacceptedandsupportedtherules.Manners,customsandbeliefscontrolledthelivinghabitsandbehaviorofthegroup.Suchrulesandhabitsoflifearecalledfolkways.Folkwaysareprobablytherealmeaningofhumanlaws,aswellasofreligion,morals,andeducation.Aslifebecamemorecomplex,folkwaysbecamemorecompleteguidestoliving.Afterthousandsofyears,someoftheimportantfolkwayswereputintowritingastheearlierlaws.Andaslifegrewmoreandmorecomplicatedwithfastertransportationandtheriseofmodernindustryandbigcities,morehumanactsandinterestshadtoberuledbylaw.Thisledtoagreatincreaseinthenumberoflaws.Butweknowthatunlesslawsareenforced,theycannotprotectus.Poorlyenforcedlawsinvitecrimeandviolence.Soweagreethatthebestprotectionagainstcrimeisplannedsocialchangeandlawreform--toreducethecausesofcrimeandtoencouragepeopletoobeythelaws.Suchasolutionwouldjoinasoundsystemoflawenforcementwithforcesworkingtopreventcrime.Toattainthisgoal,allciti