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英语四级考试语法:非谓语动词用法对比一知识要点:一、不定式与动名词做主语:1、动名词做主语往往表达普通的、一般的行为,不定式做主语常表达某次具体的行为。例如:Collectinginformationaboutchildren’shealthishisjob.收集有关儿童健康的信息是他的工作。It’snecessarytodiscusstheproblemwithanexperiencedteacher.与一位有经验的老师讨论这个问题是有必要的。2、常用不定式做主语的句型有:(1)It’sdifficult(important,necessary)forsb.todo(2)It’skind(good,friendly,polite,careless,rude,cruel,clever,foolish,brave)ofsb.todo.3、常用动名词做主语的句型有:It’snogood(use,fun)doing.It’s(a)wasteoftimeone’sdoing.It’sworthwhiledoing.二、不定式、动名词、分词做表语:1、不定式做表语常表达谓语动词所表达动作之后发生的动作。Histeachingaimofthisclassistotrainthestudents’speakingability.他这节课的教学目的是要训练学生说的能力。2、动名词做表语是对主语内容的解释,这时主语与表语位置可以互换,动名词常用于口语中。Itsfull-timejobislayingeggs.它的(指蚁后)的专职工作是产卵。3、现在分词做表语表达主语的性质与特性;进行时表达正在进行的动作。Thetaskofthisclassispractisingtheidioms.(现在分词做表语)Withthehelpoftheteacher,thestudentsarepractisingtheidioms.(现在进行时)4、常用作表语的现在分词有:interesting,amusing,disappointing,missing,puzzling,exciting,inspiring,following等。现在分词表达进行与积极。Thejokeisamusing。这笑话很逗人。Theproblemispuzzling.这个问题令人不解。5、过去分词作表语表达主语所处的被动状态或完毕某动作的状态。而被动语态表达主语所承受的动作。Thevillageissurroundedbyhighmountains.(过去分词做表语)TheenemywassurroundedbytheRedArmy.(被动语态)Heiswelleducated.(过去分词做表语)Hehasbeeneducatedinthiscollegeforthreeyears.(被动语态)常用在句中做表语的过去分词有:used,closed,covered,interested,followed,satisfied,surrounded,done,lost,decided,prepared,saved,shut,won,completed,crowded,dressed,wasted,broken,married,unexpected等。6、注意如下动词的现在分词与过去分词用法不同:interest(使…感爱好),surprise(使…吃惊),frighten(使…胆怯),excite(使…兴奋),tire(使…疲劳),please(使…满意),puzzle(使…迷惑不解),satisfy(使…满意),amuse(使…娱乐),disappoint(使…失望),inspire(使…欢欣鼓舞),worry(使…忧虑)它们的现在分词常修饰物(有时修饰人),表达积极,过去分词常修饰人,表达被动(涉及某人的look、voice等)。例如:Climbingistiring.爬山很累人。Theyareverytired.他们很疲劳Afterhearingtheexcitingnews,hegaveaspeechinanexcitedvoice.英语四级考试语法:非谓语动词用法对比二三、不定式与动名词做宾语:1、下列动词跟不定式做宾语:want,wish,hope,expect,ask,pretend,care,decide,happen,long,offer,refuse,fail,plan,prepare,order,cause,afford,beg,manage,agree,promise等。2、在下列动词或动词短语后用动名词做宾语:enjoy,finish,suggest,avoid,excuse,delay,imagine,keep,miss,appreciate,bebusy,beworth,feellike,can’tstand,can’thelp,thinkof,dreamof,befondof,prevent…(from),keep…from,stop…(from),protect…from,setabout,beengagedin,spend…(in),succeedin,beusedto,lookforwardto,objectto,payattentionto,insiston等。3、在forget,remember,stop,regret,try,mean等动词后跟不定式与动名词意义不同,不定式表达谓语动词之后的动作,而动名词表达的动作发生在谓语动词之前,常用一般式doing代替完毕式havingdone.Heforgottotellmetoposttheletter.(他忘了叫我发信。)Ishallneverforgetfindingthatrarestamponanordinaryenvelope.我永远也忘不了在一个普通信封上发现了那枚珍贵的邮票。Remembertowritetouswhenyougetthere.到那里,记得给我们写信。Idon’tremembermeetinghim.我不记得见过他。IregrettotellyouthatIcan’tgotoyourbirth-dayparty.我很遗憾告诉你我不能去参与你的生日晚会了。Theyregrettedagreeingtotheplan.他们后悔批准这个计划。Hetriedtopretendtoshareinthepleasurewithhisfriend.他尽力假装与朋友分享欢乐。Shetriedreadinganovel,butthatcouldn’tmakeherforgethersorrow.她试着看看小说,但也不能使她忘掉伤心事。Ididn’tmeantohurtyou.我没有企图伤害你。Afriendindeedmeanshelpingothersfornothinginreturn.真正的朋友意指不图回报地帮助别人。4、动名词作need,want,require,beworth的宾语时,用积极式代替被动式。Thewashing-machineneedsrepairing.(或用:needstoberepaired)这台洗衣机需要修理。Thepointwantsreferringto.这一点要提到。ThisEnglishnovelisworthreading.这本英文小说值得一读。ThesituationinRussianrequiredstudying.俄国形式需要研究。英语四级考试语法:非谓语动词用法对比三四、不定式与分词在句中做宾语补足语:1、以下动词后跟不定式做宾语补足语:ask,tell,beg,allow,want,like,hate,force,invite,persuade,advise,order,cause,encourage,waitfor,callon,permit,forbidThedoctoradvisedhimtostayinbedforanotherfewdays.医生叮嘱他再卧床休息几天。Wewishhimtoremainandacceptthepost.我们希望他留下来接受这个职位。(注意hope后不跟不定式做宾补。)2、有些动词后的复合宾语用不带“to“的不定式,这些动词有:see,watch,notice,hear,feel,make,let,have等。例如:Wenoticedhimenterthehouse.我们留意到他进了那所房子。Thebossmadethemworktwelvehoursaday.老板让他们一天干12小时工作。注意当make、have不做“迫使、让”讲,而做“制造、有”解时,跟带有to的不定式做状语。Mothermadeacaketocelebratehisbirthday.妈妈做了一个蛋糕给他庆贺生日。Hehadameetingtoattend.他有个会要开。3、下列动词后的复合宾语用分词做宾补:see,watch,notice,observe,hear,feel,make,set,have,leave,keep,find等。用现在分词还是用过去分词做宾补,要看分词与宾语的关系。例:Weheardhimsingingthesongwhenwecamein.当我们进来的时候,听见他正唱那首歌。Wehaveheardthesongsungtwice.我们听过这首歌唱过两遍了。英语四级考试语法:非谓语动词用法对比四五、非谓语动词做定语:1、不定式做定语放在所修饰的名词后,表达在谓语动词之后发生的动作或过去的某一特定动作。例如:Hehadnohousetoliveinbutalotofworktodo.他没有房子住却有好多活要干。Ourmonitoristhefirsttoarrive.我们班长是第一个到的。2、动名词与现在分词做定语的区别:动名词做定语说明所修饰名词的用途;现在分词做定语,表达所修饰名词进行的动作。awalkingstick拐杖(动名词做定语,意为astickforwalking)asleepingcar卧铺车厢(动名词做定语,意为acarforsleeping)therisingsun正在升起的太阳(现在分词做定语,意为thesunwhichwasrising)thechangingworld变化中的世界(现在分词做定语,意为theworldwhichischanging)3、现在分词与过去分词做定语的区别:过去分词做定语表达完毕或被动的动作,现在分词做定语表达积极或进行的动作。如:apieceofdisappointingnews使人失望的消息(意同apieceofnewswhichdisappointedus)inthefollowingyears在后来的几年中(意同intheyearsthatfollowed)awelldressedwoman衣着讲究的女士(意同awomanwhoisdressedwell)acarparkedatthegate停在门口的小汽车(意同acarwhichwasparkedatthegate)英语四级考试语法:非谓语动词用法对比五六、不定式与分词做状语:1、不定式做状语,只表达目的、结果或因素:Hehurriedhomeonlytofindhismoneystolen.他匆忙赶到家中,发现钱被盗了。(结果状语)Tomakehimselfheard,heraisedhisvoice.为了被听清楚,他提高了嗓门。(目的状语)Allofusaresurprisedtoseehisrapidprogress.看到他的进步,我们都很吃惊。(因素状语)2、分词做状语可表达时间、条件、因素、随着、让步、方式:Seenfromthetopofthehill,thetownisbeautiful.从山上看,这座城市很美。(条件状语)Comingintotheroom,hefoundhisfatherangry.当走进房间时,他发现父亲气愤了。(时间状语)Beingtired,theywentonworking.虽然累了,但他们继续工作。(让步状语)Havingbeenhitbythebigboyonthenose,thelittleboybegantocry.由于被大孩子打了鼻子,那个小男孩哭了。(因素状语)Heputafingerinhismouth,tasteditandsmiled,lookingratherpleased.他把一个手指放进嘴里,尝了尝,笑了,看起来挺快乐。(随着状语)英语四级考试语法:非谓语动词用法对比六26、——Youwerebraveenoughtoraiseobjectionsatthemeeting.——Well,nowIregretthat.A.todoB.tobedoingC.tohavedoneD.havingdone27、Thepatientwaswarnedoilyfoodaftertheoperation.A.toeatnotB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteating28、inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.A.LostingB.HavinglostC.LostD.Tolose29、——Isthisraincoatyours?——No,minetherebehindthedoor.A.ishangingB.hashungC.hangsD.hung30、TheOlympicGames,in776B.C.,didnotincludewomenplayersuntil1912.A.firstplayingB.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayedD.tobefirstplaying26、D27、C28、C29、A30、C英语四级考试语法:非谓语动词用法对比七31、Wesawthebirdflapitswingsandaway.A.flyB.fliedC.flewD.flying32、Iinsistedthatthedictionarytobeboughtatonce.A.referstoB.referC.referredD.referring33、,icewillbechangedintowater.A.HeatingB.HeatedC.IfheatingD.Tobeheated34、Theforeignerseemedhisway.A.tobelosingB.tohavemisseC.tohavelostD.missed35、Don’tleavemealoneathome.A.tostayB.stayC.stayingD.stayed31、A32、C33、B34、C35、C英语四级考试语法:非谓语动词用法对比八36、Whatevermustwell.A.istobedone,bedoneB.aretodo,doC.istodo…bedoneD.aretobedone,do37、Theofficerorderedthewoundedsoldieratonce.A.tooperateB.beoperatedC.wasoperatedonD.tobeoperatedon38、Withthewallswhite,theroomseemslarger.A.paintingB.paintedC.tobepaintedD.hasbeenpainted39、——CanIhelpyou?——I’dliketohavetheshoes,fortheyareabitsmaller.A.changingB.changedC.tobechangingD.bechanged40、Onhearingthenews,thewomanstoodthere。A.frightenedB.frighteningC.tofrightenD.tobefrightened36、A37、D38、B39、B40、A英语四级考试语法:非谓语动词用法对比九41、thetrain,theydecidedtowaitforanother.A.MissedB.MissingC.HavingmissedD.Beingmissed42、Therenobus,Ihadtowalkhome.A.isB.wasC.wereD.being43、Atpresent,thereisanewairportandsupermarketinthesouthofthetown.A.builtB.tobebuiltC.beingbuiltD.isbeingbuilt44、Theyoungmantoldthedoctorthathedidn’tneedhisheart。A.having,checkedB.tohave,checkedC.having,tocheckD.tohave,tocheck45、Trythebackdoorifnobodyanswersthefrontdoor.A.toknockatB.knockingatC.andknockatD.andknockingat41、C42、D43、C44、B45、B英语四级考试语法:非谓语动词用法对比十46、Wehavetodosomethingtostopwildanimals。A.killingB.tobekilledC.beingkilledD.tokill47、,weplantoholdaclassmeeting.A.TimepermittingB.TimepermitsC.IftimeispermittedD.Timepermitted48、Withtheboytheway,thesoldiersgottothepositionintime.A.ledB.leadingC.beingledD.wasleading49、TheEmperororderedthewonderfulclothforhimwithoutdelay.A.toweaveB.tobewovenC.tohavewovenD.tobeweaving50、Lookathislook.Itseemsasifhehadmetatiger.A.frightened,frighteningB.frightening,frightenedC.frightened,frightenedD.frightening,frightening46、C47、A48、B49、B50、A英语四级考试之非谓语动词用法对比十一51、,theplayersbeganthegame.A.HavingtakenourseatsB.TakingourseatsC.AfterwetookourseatsD.Beingtakentheseats52、himbefore,shedidn’tknowhewasheruncle.A.NothavingseenB.HavingnotseenC.NotseeingD.Notbeingseen53、manytimes,buthemadethesamemistakeagain.A.HavingbeentoldB.AlthoughhehadbeentoldC.HehadbeentoldD.Havingtold54、Theglassofwateristoohot.Iprefersomecoldwater.A.boiledB.boilingC.toboilD.havingboiled55、Thelittleboyenteredtheclassroomwithout。A.noticingB.noticedC.beingnoticedD.notice51、C52、A53、C54、A55、C英语四级考试之非谓语动词用法对比十二56、We’reconsideringEnglishinpairsafterclass.A.practisingspeakingB.practisingtospeakC.topractisespeakingD.topractisetospeak57、themixture,theteachershoweditaroundtheclassroom.A.ToseeB.MorestudentstoseeC.FormorestudentstoseeD.Seen58、Iapologizeformypromise.A.nottokeepB.beingkeptC.nothavingkeptD.havingnotkept59、Thebookonthedesktoher.A.lying,belongingB.lay,belongC.lying,belongsD.beinglie,isbelong60、,Maryhadtostayathometolookafterher.A.BeingillB.TobeillC.HermotherwasillD.Hermotherbeingill56、A57、C58、C59、C60、D英语四级考试之非谓语动词用法对比十三61、muchEnglishtroubledhimalot.A.HisnotknowingB.NotheknowingC.HishavingnotknownD.Hisnotknown62、Hewon’tattendthemeetingunlesstogiveaspeech.A.invitedB.invitingC.beinginvitedD.hewillbeinvited63、Hegotthefirstandwontheprizeas。A.expectedB.expectingC.tobeexpectedD.expect64、Hestoodtherewithhiseyesme.A.fixingB.fixingonC.fixedtoD.fixedon65、Motherwarnedhimafterdrinking.A.toneverdriveB.nevertodriveC.neverdrivingD.neverdrive61、A62、A63、A64、D65、B英语四级考试之非谓语动词用法对比十四66、Iremembersomethinglikethat.A.thathesayB.himtosayC.hissayingD.himhavingsaid67、Didyousmellsomething?A.burntB.toburnC.tobeburningD.burning68、Becauseofairpollution,thiscityisnolonger。A.agoodplacetoliveinB.agoodplaceforlivinginC.agoodplacetoliveD.agoodplacetobelivedin69、Lettheday。A.toberememberedB.rememberedC.berememberedD.remember70、Hisparents,theorphanisnowtakencareofbythevillagers.A.deadB.dyingC.havediedD.havingdied66、C67、D68、A69、C70、D英语四级考试之非谓语动词用法对比十五71、Wouldyoubetodomeafavour?A.asgoodasB.sogoodasC.enoughgoodD.goodenoughas72、Hehadusallthroughtheparty.A.laughingB.tolaughC.laughD.laughed73、Thenursesuggestedtheoldman,forhehadalongtimetowait.A.tositdownB.sitdownC.wouldsitdownD.satdown74、Thosewhohavequestions,raiseyourhands.A.askedB.askC.askingD.toask75、Thisroomisusedfood.A.tostoreB.storingC.tostoringD.stored71、B72、A73、B74、D75、A2023年英语四级非谓语动词专项练习(一)1.___anythingabouttheaccident,hewenttoworkasusual.ADon’tknowBnottoknowCnotknowingDnottobeknowing选C2.thenextmorningshefoundtheman__inbed,dead.AlyingBlieClayDlaying选A3.hehadhisleg__inthematchyesterday.AtobreakBbrokenCbreakDbreaking选B4.mostofthepeople__tothepartywerefamousscientists.Ainvite
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