新视界大学英语Unit课件

WatchavideoclipaboutthetailorofthefilmCocoBeforeChanel.Warmingup第1页/共134页第一页，共135页。Warmingup

➊Listenandunderlineanywordsorexpressionswhicharedifferentfromwhatyouhear.Ournextmodeliscomingdownthecatwalknow.Nowyouhavetorememberthatallofthemodelsdesignedtheirownclothes,theyareallfirst-yearstudentsofthecollege,allofthemaredoingthecourseinfashiondesign,andtheycomefromallovertheworld.ThisisMargotManfort,who’s21yearsoldandcomesfromBelgium.Asyoucansee,Margotiswearingalonglightgreendress,whichcontrastsneatlywiththeredbagandherblondehair.It’sastrong,sensuousdesign.Ournextmodeliscomingdownthecatwalknow.Nowyouhavetorememberthatallofthemodelsdesignedtheirownclothes,theyareallfirst-yearstudentsofthecollege,allofthemaredoingthecourseinfashiondesign,andtheycomefromallovertheworld.ThisisMargotManfort,who’s21yearsoldandcomesfromBelgium.Asyoucansee,Margotiswearingalonglightgreendress,whichcontrastsneatlywiththeredbagandherblondehair.It’sastrong,sensuousdesign.第2页/共134页第二页，共135页。WarmingupIsuspectshewasinspiredbypicturesoftheFrenchcourtinthe16thcentury–there’scertainlysomethingvery,howcanIputit,historicalaboutthedesign.Butthoseglassesbringherrightintothe21stcentury.Ireallylikewhatshe’sdone.IsuspectshewasinspiredbypicturesoftheFrenchcourtinthe16thcentury–there’scertainlysomethingvery,howcanIputit,historicalaboutthedesign.Butthoseglassesbringherrightintothe21stcentury.Ireallylikewhatshe’sdone.第3页/共134页第三页，共135页。WarmingupNowlistenagainandcorrecttheinformation.Answer:firstyearthirdyearBelgiumFranceneatlynicelystrongsoft16th

17th第4页/共134页第四页，共135页。Warmingup➋

Workinpairs.Lookatthephotosanddiscussthequestions.1Whichstyledoyoulikemost,andwhy?2Whichstyledoyoulikeleast,andwhy?3Wouldyouliketobeafashionmodel?Why/Whynot?第5页/共134页第五页，共135页。Warmingup➊

Lookatthetitleofthepassageandanswerthequestions.1Whichfashionitemsdoyouthinkthepassagewillfocuson?

☐

bikinis☐

hats☐

jackets

☐

jeans☐

shoes☐skirts☐

socks☐

ties2Whichaspectsoftheitemsdoyouexpectthedescriptionstoconcentrateon?☐

appearance☐

colour☐

comfort☐

cost☐

length☐

materialNowreadthepassageandcheckyouranswers.第6页/共134页第六页，共135页。Skimming

Browsethepassagewithin8minutestogetaroughideaaboutit.

Answerthequestions

ofActivity2and3onpage49.Task第7页/共134页第七页，共135页。Skimming➋Choosethebestanswertothequestions.1Whathappenedonthefashionsceneinthe1950s?(a)BluejeansarrivedinEuropeandAsia.(b)Americanyouthstartedwearingjeans.(c)TheFrenchstartedtomanufacturejeans.(d)Americanwomenstartedtoweartrousers.2Whatdowomenwanttododuringaneconomicboom?(a)Showlessoftheirlegs.(b)Showmoreoftheirlegs.(c)Buyshortskirts.(d)Selltheirshares.(a)(b)第8页/共134页第八页，共135页。Skimming3Whatdidtightshelptopromoteinthe1960s?(a)TheFrenchfashionindustry.(b)Stockings.(c)Theminiskirt.(d)TheBeatles.4Whatwaspopularinthemid-1980s?(a)Cleanshavenfaces.(b)Longhair.(c)Denimjeansandjackets.(d)Shortskirts.(c)(c)第9页/共134页第九页，共135页。Skimming5Whatwasfashionableinthe1990s?(a)Designerjeans.(b)Dyedhairandtrainers.(c)Tightjeansandshorthair.(d)Clotheswithbrightcolours.6Whathappenedinthefallof2007?(a)Hemlinesanticipatedaglobalcrisis.(b)Women’sskirtsgotshorter.(c)Therewasacrisisonthestockmarket.(d)Designersbegantolosetouchwithreality.(b)(a)第10页/共134页第十页，共135页。Skimming➌Matchthepictureswiththeextractsfromthepassage.第11页/共134页第十一页，共135页。SkimmingAnswer:1(d)2(e)3(a)4(b)5(c)第12页/共134页第十二页，共135页。SkimmingNownumberthepicturesinchronologicalorder.Answer:Thepicturesareinthechronologicalorderof4,1,3,5,2第13页/共134页第十三页，共135页。Fiftyyearsoffashion译文Digging1

Nohistoryoffashionintheyears1960to2010canoverlookorunderestimatetwoconstantfactors:jeansandtheriseandfallofhemlinesforwomen’sskirtsanddresses.第14页/共134页第十四页，共135页。Digging2

Denim,thetextilewhichjeansaremadeof,wasknowninFranceinthelate16thcentury,butitwasLeviStrausswhosawthatmineworkersintheCaliforniangoldrushinthemid-19thcenturyneededstrongtrousers,whichhereinforcedwithmetalpins.BluedenimjeansremainedpopularintheUSasworkclothesuntilthe1950s,butthenbecameassociatedwithyouth,newideas,resistancetoauthorityandindependentthinking.第15页/共134页第十五页，共135页。译文DiggingWhenLeviStrauss&CobegantoexportbluejeanstoEuropeandAsiainthelate1950s,theywereboughtandwornwithhugeenthusiasmbyalargeproportionofyoungpeopleandrecognizedasasymboloftheyoung,informalAmericanwayoflife.第16页/共134页第十六页，共135页。译文Digging3Hemlineshaveamorepeculiarsignificanceduringthisperiod.Thereisconsensusamongfashioneditorsthatthereisapreciserelation,withonlyafewexceptions,betweenthelengthofwomen’sskirtsandtheeconomy.Asthestockmarketrises,sodohemlines,andconversely,whenitfalls,sodothey.Exactlywhywomenshouldwanttoexposeorconcealbarelegsduringperiodsofeconomicboomandbustremainsamystery.Butthegeneraltrendisclear.Whenevertheeconomicoutlookistroublesome,theconventionisforbothmenandwomentowearmoreconservativeclothes.

第17页/共134页第十七页，共135页。译文Digging4Perhapsthemostimportantdevelopmentinfashioninthe1960swastheminiskirt,inventedbytheBritishdesignerMaryQuant.BecauseQuantworkedintheheartofSwingingLondon,theminiskirtdevelopedintoamajorinternationalfashion.ItattractedgreaterrespectwhenthegreatFrenchdesigner,Courrèges,importeditintohisrangeofclothesanddevelopeditintoanitemofhighfashion.Butitwouldnothaveachievedsuchinternationalcurrencywithoutthedevelopmentoftights,insteadofstockings,becausetheriseinhemlinesmeantthestockingtopswouldbevisible.第18页/共134页第十八页，共135页。译文Digging5Thehippiemovementofthemid-1960sandearly1970sinfluencedthedesignofjeans,withthetrouserlegdevelopinga“bell-bottom”style.Bythemid-1970s,astheeconomygrewworse,hemlinesdescendedtomidiormedium(mid-calf)lengthandmaxi(anklelength),whilejeanswerenolongerlimitedtoblue.第19页/共134页第十九页，共135页。译文Digging6Jeansremainedfashionableduringtheperiodofpunk,usuallywornripped,oftenwithbadges,chainsandbeltswithmetalornaments,andpiercedearsandnoses.Thelooklastedforseveralyears,althoughbecamemoreandmorerestrictedtosmallgroupsofinner-cityyoungpeople,andhadlittleinfluenceonotheragegroups.第20页/共134页第二十页，共135页。译文Digging7Asareactiontopunk,theNewRomanticswasafashionmovementwhichoccurredinBritishclubs.Itwaseye-catchingandfeaturedfancyshirtsandblouses.Jeansweredefinitelynotacceptable.第21页/共134页第二十一页，共135页。译文Digging8

Themid-1980ssawtheriseofanumberofdifferentstyles.Powerdressingwascharacterizedbysmartexecutivesuitsand,forthenewlyempoweredwomen,shoulderpadsandkneelengthskirts.Notsurprisingly,theeconomywasn’tstable,andpeopletooklessrisksinwhattheywore.Formen,theMiamiVicestyle,namedafterthetelevisionseries,madeuseofsmartT-shirtsunderdesignerjackets,andthreeorfourdaysofbeardgrowth.Butasalways,denimremainedpopularwiththeyoung.Inparticular,heavymetalmusicfansworerippedjeansanddenimjackets.第22页/共134页第二十二页，共135页。译文Digging9Graduallyhemlinesstartedtoriseagain...untiltheworldstockmarketcrashin1987.Sothelate1980sintheUSsawtheriseofthemoreconservativestylecalledPreppystyle,withclassicclothesbyRalphLaurenandBrooksBrothersformen,button-downshirts,casualtrousersandshoes,withasweatertiedinalooseknotaroundtheneck.Theyalsoworejeans,buteitherbrandneworcleanandsmartlypressed–notatallwhatLeviStraussoriginallyintended.第23页/共134页第二十三页，共135页。Digging10Astheworldeconomiesbouncedbackagaininthe1990s,fashionforyoungpeoplebecamemoredaring.BootsandConverseorNiketrainersremainedpopular,butthemostcommoncoloursbecameolivegreenandoatmeal.Hairwaswornlong,orcutshortanddyedblue,greenorred.Hoodies,baseballcapsandloosejeans,whichwereoftenfastenedlowbelowthebackside,werecommononthestreets.第24页/共134页第二十四页，共135页。Digging11TheninJanuary2000theNewYorktechnologystockmarketcollapsed.Asusual,sodidhemlines,whichweredescribedbyonecommentatoras“theprimandproperlookisin.Skirtsshouldbebelowtheknee.”Butmerelyoneyearlater,thestockmarketbegantorally,andtheminiskirtreturned.Lowerlimbsweremoreexposedthantheyhadbeenformanyyears.第25页/共134页第二十五页，共135页。Digging12Duringthisperiod,itwasunusualtowearformalclothesunlessyouwereatwork.Designerjeansgainedhugepopularity.Theseweremadeofthetraditionaldenim,perhapswithextrastretchfibreadded,butcutandmarketedunderwell-knownbrandssuchasArmani,HugoBossandMoschino,whountilrecentlyhadonlyconcernedthemselveswiththesmartestfashionlines.NarrowjeansalsobecamepopularinBritainandmostofEurope.Skirtlengthisuncertain,rangingfrommicroto“sensible”–knee-lengthorjustbelow.第26页/共134页第二十六页，共135页。Digging13Sometimeshemlinescanevenpredictachangeinthemoodofthestockmarketlongbeforeitactuallyhappens.InSeptember2007,attheNewYorkfashionshows,whichweredisplayingtheirstylesforspring2008,thetrendwasformuchlongerdressesandskirts,manytomidcalforevendowntotheankles.Somepeoplefeltthisshowedthatthehemlineindicatorwasnolongerreliable,andthatdesignersnolongerdictatedwhatpeoplewouldwear.第27页/共134页第二十七页，共135页。DiggingDuringtheLondonandNewYorkfashionshowsinSeptember2008,hemlinescontinuedtodrop.Butsureenough,inthefallof2008,thestockmarketindexescrashedwhenthebankingcrisishittheUS,Europeandthentherestoftheworld.Hemlineswerenolongerfollowingthestockmarket–theywereshowingthewayandindicatingfutureeconomictrends.第28页/共134页第二十八页，共135页。Digging14Duringthewholeperiod,fashionstyleshaverangedwidely,andhaveusuallybeensparkedoffbyadesiretoidentifypeopleasbelongingtoaparticularsub-culture.Buttheconstantfactorsoverthisperiodaredenimandhemlinesandthegreatestinfluenceshavebeena19th-centuryCalifornianclothesmanufacturerandayoungdesignerintheSwingingLondonofthe1960s.■Mainideaofthetext第29页/共134页第二十九页，共135页。1.

…asasymboloftheyoung,informalAmericanwayoflife.(Line14,Para2)Theword“young”isusedinthesensethattheUShasonlyashorthistory.Difficultsentences第30页/共134页第三十页，共135页。Difficultsentences2.

Whenevertheeconomicoutlookistroublesome…(Line10,Para3)

theeconomicoutlookistroublesome:Theeconomyisunstable,thatis,theeconomyhasproblemsandislikelytochangesuddenly,makingpeopleuncertainaboutwhatmayhappeninthefuture.第31页/共134页第三十一页，共135页。Difficultsentences3.

ItattractedgreaterrespectwhenthegreatFrenchdesigner,Courreges,importeditintohisrangeofclothesanddevelopeditintoanitemofhighfashion.(Line6,Para4)Therearedifferentlevelsoffashion,egstreetfashionarisingusuallyincities,ordinaryfashionsuchasiswornbymostpeopleandfoundinmarkets,andhighfashionwornbystarsandtherich.TheminiskirtbecameanitemofordinaryfashioninBritain,butwhenCourregesaddedittohiscollectionofclothesitbecamepartofinternationalhighfashion,wornbytheelite.第32页/共134页第三十二页，共135页。Difficultsentences4.…madeuseofsmartT-shirtsunderdesignerjackets…(Line8,Para8)designerjackets:Designerclothesingeneralarethosewithafamouslabel.YoucanbuyordinaryjeansinthemarketorchooseArmaniones.第33页/共134页第三十三页，共135页。Difficultsentences5.

Theyalsoworejeans,buteitherbrand-neworcleanandsmartlypressed—notatallwhatLeviStraussoriginallyintended.(Line8,Para9)AlthoughthePreppylookinsistedonsmartclothes,itdidnotleadtopeopleavoidingdenimjeans(aswiththeNewRomantics).Butjeanschangedfromverycasualarticlesofclothesintoelegantitemsofclothing,andhadtobecarefullyironed,quitetheoppositeoftheverycasualworkman-likebluedenimjeansofthe1950s.第34页/共134页第三十四页，共135页。Difficultsentences6.

…whichweredescribedbyonecommentatoras“theprimandproperlookisin…”(Line3,Para11)Afashionis“in”whenitisaneworcurrentstyle,or“out”whenitisout-of-date.第35页/共134页第三十五页，共135页。DifficultsentencesDuringthewholeperiod,therehasbeenawiderangeofdifferentfashionstyles,whichhavebeenusuallystartedbypeople’swishtoshowtheiridentitytomakethemdistinctfromtherestofsociety.7.

Duringthewholeperiod,fashionstyleshaverangedwidely,andhaveusuallybeensparkedoffbyadesiretoidentifypeopleasbelongingtoaparticularsub-culture.(Line1,Para14)第36页/共134页第三十六页，共135页。textile释义n.

[C]wovenorknittedcloth纺织品；织物例句Theirmainexportsaretextiles,especiallysilkandcotton.他们的主要出口商品是纺织品，尤其是丝绸和棉布。翻译Words例句printedtextiles印花织物翻译第37页/共134页第三十七页，共135页。释义1vt.[sing,U]oppositiontosomeoneorsomething,especiallyapoliticalormilitaryopponent

（尤指政治或军事上的）抵抗，反对Words例句Afterastubbornresistancetheenemywasfoughtoffatlast.敌人负隅顽抗，最后被击退了。翻译例句Ourtroopsencounteredonlytokenresistance.我们的部队仅受到象征性的抵抗。

翻译resistance第38页/共134页第三十八页，共135页。释义2n.[sing,U](~to)theabilitynottobeaffectedor

harmedbysomething,especiallyadiseaseordrug

（尤指对疾病或药物的）抵抗力Words例句Poordietlowersresistancetoillness.

饮食太差会削弱对于疾病的抵抗力。翻译例句Thisdiseaseissurprisinglydifficulttocatchasmostpeoplehaveanaturalresistancetoit.由于多数人对这种病具有天然免疫力，所以发病率低得出奇。翻译resistance第39页/共134页第三十九页，共135页。释义1n.

[C]aquantityofsomethingthatisapartorshareofthewhole

部分；份儿Words例句Peoplespendalargeproportionoftheirincomeonhousing.人们收入的很大一部分都用在了住房上。翻译例句Theproportionofresidentsreceivingwelfarehasdropped.享受福利的居民的比例有所下降。翻译proportion第40页/共134页第四十页，共135页。释义2n.

[U]thecorrect,mostuseful,ormostattractiverelationshipbetweenthings

（比例）均衡，协调，匀称Words例句Women'sbodiestendtohaveahigherproportionoffattowater.女性的身体内脂肪与水分的比例往往更高。翻译例句Theporchisoutofproportionwiththerestofthehouse.门廊和房子的其他部分不成比例。翻译proportion第41页/共134页第四十一页，共135页。释义n.

[sing,U]agreementamongallthepeopleinvolved

一致同意例句Itwillbedifficulttoreachanysortofconsensusonthisissue.在这个问题上将很难达成一致意见。翻译Words例句翻译Allgooddecisionsaremadebyconsensus.所有英明的决定都是经过一致同意作出的。consensus第42页/共134页第四十二页，共135页。释义1vt.toallowsomethingthatisusuallycoveredorhiddentobeseen

使显露；使露出例子翻译Words例句Don’texposetheliquidmedicinetothesunlight.

翻译不要把药水暴露于阳光下。Loweredsealevelsexposedtheshallowcontinentalshelf.海平面下降使浅层大陆架暴露出来。exposeIsitadvisabletoexposeourbodytothesunlight?(Jun.1990,CET4,VocabularyandStructure)真题第43页/共134页第四十三页，共135页。释义2n.

tofailtoprotectsomeoneorsomethingfromsomethingharmfulordangerous

使暴露于（有害或危险环境中）；使无保护例句Whydowestillsunbathewhenweknowthedangersofexposingourskintothesun?我们明白让皮肤暴露于阳光下的危险，可为什么还要进行日光浴呢？翻译Words例句翻译Awisemotherneverexposesherchildrentotheslightestpossibilityofdanger.明智的母亲决不会让她的孩子置身于一丁点儿危险之中。expose第44页/共134页第四十四页，共135页。释义1a.apartofyourbodythatisbareisnotcoveredbyanyclothes

赤裸的例句Thestonefloorfeltlikeicetoherbarefeet.她光着脚感到石头地板冰凉刺骨。翻译Words例句Hepatteredalongthecorridorinhisbarefeet.

他赤着脚吧嗒吧嗒地走过走廊。

翻译bare第45页/共134页第四十五页，共135页。释义2a.containingnothing

空的例句Hisfridgewasbareapartfromthreeverywitheredtomatoes.除了三个蔫巴巴的西红柿，他的冰箱里什么也没有。翻译Words例句Heledmethroughtoabareinterviewingroom.

他把我带到了一间空荡荡的面试室。翻译bare第46页/共134页第四十六页，共135页。释义n.[C,U]asuddenmajorincreaseintrade,profitsetcinaparticularcountryorregion

(贸易、利润等的)激增，暴涨例句Hemadealotof

moneyduringthepropertyboom.在房地产生意兴隆期间他发了大财。翻译Wordsboom例句Howlongcanthepresentbusinessboomlast?目前这种商业繁荣能持续多久？翻译boomandbust第47页/共134页第四十七页，共135页。释义a.causingproblemsordifficulties,especiallyinanannoyingway引起麻烦的；（尤指）令人讨厌的例句Sheneedssurgerytocureatroublesomebackinjury.

她需要动手术医治棘手的背痛。翻译Words例句Parentsneedtohavemorepatiencewheneducatingtroublesomechild.翻译家长在教育爱惹事的孩子时需要更多的耐心。troublesomeAvoidthetroublesomesearchforcleanclothesbylayingthemoutthenightbefore.(Jan.1990,CET4,ReadingComprehension)真题第48页/共134页第四十八页，共135页。释义vi.(fml)tobecomelower

下斜；降低例句Becarefulwhenyoudescendfromtheladder.从梯子上下来时一定要小心。翻译Words例句Inthevastshadowofnightthecoolnessandthedewsdescend.在这苍茫的夜色中，寒气与露水降下来了。翻译descend第49页/共134页第四十九页，共135页。释义1vt.

ifyouhaveapartofyourbodypierced,youhaveasmallholemadeinit

（在身体某部位）扎眼，穿孔（以佩戴珠宝）例句翻译WordsHestriveshardtokeephimselfveryfit.他努力地保持身体健康。例句翻译Thefilmstudioisstrivingtoimproveitspublicimage.该电影制片厂正在努力改善其公众形象。pierce第50页/共134页第五十页，共135页。释义2vt.ifasharpobjectpiercessomething,itmakesaholeinit刺穿；刺破例句翻译WordsSomeonecameupandaskedhim:

"Ifyouholdupyourspeartopiercethroughyourshield,

whatwillhappen?"有人就问他说：“如果用你的矛来刺你的盾，会怎么样呢?”例句翻译Onebulletpiercedtheleftsideofhischest.一颗子弹射入他的左胸。pierce第51页/共134页第五十一页，共135页。释义1a.(onlybeforenoun)designedforrichorimportant

people

专为有钱人或要人设计的例句翻译WordsSomeairlinecompaniesprovideexecutiveplanefortherichandinfluential.有些航空公司为权贵人生提供专用飞机。executive第52页/共134页第五十二页，共135页。释义2n.[C]aseniormanagerinabusinessorotherorganization

（企业或其他组织的）行政主管；经历例句翻译WordsTheChiefExecutiveshouldbeexperiencedinbusinessadministration.

总经理应有企业管理经验。例句翻译Theretiredexecutiveconsultsforseverallargecompanies.那位退休的总裁在好几家大公司当顾问。executive第53页/共134页第五十三页，共135页。释义例句翻译Words我们希望创立一个更为安全、稳定、和平与平等的国际秩序。Wehopetousherinamoresecure,stable,peacefulandequitableworldorder.Commoditysalesondomesticmarketwerestable.

例句翻译国内市场商品销售平稳增长。a.

notchangingfrequentlyandnotlikelytosuddenlybecomeworse

稳定的stable

第54页/共134页第五十四页，共135页。释义1a.ifsomethingsuchasaropeorknotisloose,itisnotpulledtight

(绳子或线结)松开的Wheretheknotisloosethestringslips.结子一松掉，绳子就滑脱。Phrases例句翻译Yourshoelacehascomeloose.你的鞋带松了。例句翻译loose第55页/共134页第五十五页，共135页。释义2例句翻译我有一颗牙齿松动了。a.not

firmlyfixedinaposition

未固定住的，松动的PhrasesIhavegotaloosetooth.例句翻译把手松动了，你得把它拧紧。Youhavetoscrewupthehandle,ithasbecomeloose.loose第56页/共134页第五十六页，共135页。释义v.

ifaballorotherobjectbounces,orifyoubounceit,ithitsasurfacethenimmediatelymovesawayfromit

（使）弹起；（使）反弹Phrases例句翻译Ibouncedaballagainstthewall.

我对着房子打球。bounce

例句翻译Thewheelchairtennisplayerisallowedtwobouncesoftheball.

轮椅网球选手可以等球落地两次再击球。第57页/共134页第五十七页，共135页。释义vt.

tochangethecolourofsomethingsuchasclothingoryourhairusingdye

给······染色

Phrases例句翻译Maybeyoucoulddyethatskirttomatchyourblouse.

也许你可以给那条裙子染色，使之与你的衬衫相配。例句翻译Pleasedyemyhairbrown.请把我的头发染成棕色。dye第58页/共134页第五十八页，共135页。释义vt.toclosesomethingsuchasapieceofclothingorabagusingthebuttons,zipetconit

系牢；扣牢Phrases例句翻译Pleasekeepyourseatbeltsfastenedwhiletheseatbeltlightison.指示灯亮时请系好安全带。例句翻译Wefastenedourboatwithropetoapostintheriver.我们用绳子把船拴在河里的一根柱子上。fastenIfyoudonotfastenyoursafetybelt,yourchancesofbeinghurtwillbegreater.

(Jan.1992,CET-4,VocabularyandStructure)真题第59页/共134页第五十九页，共135页。释义vi.

ifthingssuchaspricesrally,theyimproveandincreaseinvalueafterbeinglow(价格)回升；升值；复苏Phrases例句翻译Marketsbegantorallyworldwide.世界各地的市场开始复苏。例句翻译Onthestockmarket,sharepricesralliedafterafour-daydecline.在股票市场上，股价经过4天的下跌之后回升了。rally第60页/共134页第六十页，共135页。释义n.

[C]anarmoraleg

肢；臂；腿Phrases例子翻译anartificiallimb假肢例句翻译Shestretchedoutherlimbscomfortablyandsoonfellasleep.她舒服地伸展四肢，很快便入睡了。

limb第61页/共134页第六十一页，共135页。释义vt.influenceorcontrolhowsomethingisdone

影响；控制Phrases例句翻译Thewayinwhichtheydressisdictatedbyveryrigidfashionrules.他们的着装受到时尚规则的严格限制。例句翻译Anumberoffactorswilldictatehowlonganappletreecansurvive.影响一棵苹果树寿命的因素有很多。

dictate第62页/共134页第六十二页，共135页。释义n.[C](business)anumberthatshowstheprice,value,orlevelofsomethingcomparedwithsomethingelse

指数Phrases例句翻译ThehappinessindexofpeopleinJiangsu,Sichuan,FujianprovincesandChongqingmunicipalitywasfoundtobehigh.

调查发现，江苏、四川、福建和重庆四个省市居民的幸福感指数较高。例句翻译Senseofhappinessisdictatedbymanyfactors:economic,population,cultural,psychological,etc.幸福感受到各种因素的影响——经济、人口、

文化、心理等。

index第63页/共134页第六十三页，共135页。释义例句翻译黄金已经变成了一种适应所有气候的投资，无论经济状况是繁荣还是衰退都会上涨。Goldhasbecomeanall-weatherinvestment,risinginbothboomandbust.asituationinwhichacountry¡¯seconomyregularlygoesthroughperiodsofsuccessfollowedbyperiodsoffailure

经济的繁荣与萧条Phrases例句翻译Boom-and-bustcyclesareinherentinmarketeconomiesandcannotbepreventedcompletely.繁荣和萧条交替循环，是市场经济的固有特性，无法完全避免。boomandbust第64页/共134页第六十四页，共135页。释义例句翻译在俄国，有个城市是以这个伟人的名字命名的。TherewasacitynamedafterthegreatmaninRussia.togivesomeoneorsomethingthesamenameassomeoneorsomethingelse,especiallythesamefirstnameasamemberofyourfamily

以（家族中）······的名字给······取名Phrases例句翻译TheboywasnamedGeorgeafterhisuncle.这个小男孩随他的叔叔叫乔治。nameafter第65页/共134页第六十五页，共135页。释义例句翻译她太循规蹈矩了，不会踏入酒吧半步。Sheismuchtooprimandpropertogointoapub.someonewhoisprimandproperbehavesinaveryformalandcorrectwayandiseasilyshockedbyanythingrude

循规蹈矩的Phrases例句翻译Thoseyoungladiesaremuchtooprimandpropertoenjoysucharudejoke.

那几位年轻的太太非常拘谨和正经，不会喜欢这种粗俗的笑话。primandproper第66页/共134页第六十六页，共135页。释义例句翻译tobethecauseofsomething,especiallytroubleorviolence

引起，导致（麻烦或暴力）Phrases例句翻译sparksthoff他的著作《动物解放》引发了一场关于我们该如何看待动物的思想革命。Hisbook,AnimalLiberation,sparkedoffarevolutioninthewaywethinkaboutanimals.

A

filminvolvingreligionhadsparkedoffpoliticalcrisisinthemiddleeastregion.

一部有关宗教的电影在中东地区引发政治危机。第67页/共134页第六十七页，共135页。1

从1960年到2010年的任何一部时尚史都不能忽视或低估两个恒在的因素：牛仔裤和女性裙子长度的变化。Translation原文时尚50年第68页/共134页第六十八页，共135页。2做牛仔裤的布料劳动布在16世纪末期的法国就已经为人所知，但却是李维·施特劳斯注意到19世纪中叶加利福尼亚淘金热时的矿工对结实长裤的需求，因此他采用这种布料制作裤子，并配以金属铆钉使其更结实。直到20世纪50年代，在美国蓝色牛仔裤仍然只是受欢迎的工作服，但是后来，它与青春、新思想、反抗权威和独立思考联系起来。Translation原文第69页/共134页第六十九页，共135页。20世纪50年代末，当利惠商业有限公司开始向欧洲和亚洲出口蓝色牛仔裤时，大批年轻人热情高涨地买来穿在身上，并把它看成年轻美国的不拘礼节的生活方式的象征。Translation原文第70页/共134页第七十页，共135页。3在此时期，裙子的底边有着独特的重要意义。时尚编辑们一致认为：除了个别情况外，女性裙子的长度和经济之间有着密切的联系。女性裙子的底边会随着股市的上涨而上升；反之，股市下跌，裙子的底边也下降。究竟为什么女人会在经济繁荣时露出双腿，而在经济萧条时遮住双腿现在仍是一个谜。但总的趋势是明显的。每当经济前景不明朗时，无论男女，其着装都较为保守。Translation原文第71页/共134页第七十一页，共135页。4

也许在20世纪60年代，时尚界最重要的发展就是英国设计师玛莉·匡特发明了超短裙。由于匡特在摇摆伦敦的中心工作，超短裙发展成为国际时尚界的重要流行服装。伟大的法国设计师库雷热把超短裙引入到他设计的服装系列中，使其发展成为高级时装，超短裙因此得到了更大程度的认可。但是如果只有长筒袜而没有发明裤袜的话，超短裙是不可能在全球范围内流行的，因为裙子底边的上升会使长筒袜的袜口显露出来。Translation原文第72页/共134页第七十二页，共135页。520世纪60年代中期和70年代初期的嬉皮士运动对牛仔裤的设计也有影响，出现了“喇叭”裤。到20世纪70年代中期，随着经济状况的恶化，裙子达到中等长度（长及小腿中部）甚至长及脚踝，而牛仔裤也不再是清一色的蓝色了。Translation原文第73页/共134页第七十三页，共135页。6

朋克时期牛仔裤依然流行。人们穿的牛仔裤通常是有破洞的，往往还会搭配徽章、链子和有金属饰物的腰带，而且这一时期还流行打耳洞和鼻洞。这类装扮持续了好几年，然而作此装扮的人群逐渐地缩小到内城的年轻人小群体，其他年龄段的人受此影响不大。Translation原文第74页/共134页第七十四页，共135页。7作为对朋克的一种逆反，新浪漫主义是出现在英国俱乐部中的一场时尚运动。新浪漫主义的着装很抢眼，以花哨的男女衬衣为特色。牛仔裤是绝对不能接受的。Translation原文第75页/共134页第七十五页，共135页。820世纪80年代中期出现了不同风格的着装。权威着装的特点就是漂亮的职业套装，刚刚获得权利的女性穿着则以垫肩和及膝裙为特色。由于经济不稳定，人们在穿着上自然就喜欢少冒些风险。男性穿着是“迈阿密风云”风格的，这一名称来源于一部电视连续剧《迈阿密风云》，即潇洒的T恤外搭名牌夹克，再加上蓄了三四天的胡须。但一如既往，牛仔在年轻人中依然流行。特别是重金属音乐的粉丝除了穿着带破洞的牛仔裤外，还会穿牛仔夹克。Translation原文第76页/共134页第七十六页，共135页。

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渐渐地，裙子底边又开始上升……直到1987年全球股市崩盘。所以，美国在20世纪80年代末兴起了被称为“学院风格”的较为保守的服装风格，经典的男装就是拉尔夫·劳伦和布克兄弟品牌的男装：即领尖带有纽扣的衬衫、休闲裤和休闲鞋，毛衣松松地打个结系在脖子上。人们也穿牛仔裤，但要么是崭新的，要么是干干净净熨得笔挺的——这绝对不是李维·施特劳斯最初设想的牛仔裤。Translation原文第77页/共134页第七十七页，共135页。10

随着20世纪90年代世界经济的再次反弹，年轻人在时尚方面变得更为大胆。靴子和匡威或耐克运动鞋仍然流行，但最常见的颜色变成橄榄绿和米灰色。流行的发型为长发，或剪短染成蓝色、绿色或红色。帽衫、棒球帽和松松垮垮搭在胯上的牛仔裤是大街上的常见装扮。Translation第78页/共134页第七十八页，共135页。

112000年1月，纽约科技股市崩盘。同往常一样，裙子底边也降了下来。一位评论家这样描述当时的时尚风格：“一本正经的着装开始流行，裙子应长及膝盖以下。”但仅仅一年之后，股市开始反弹，超短裙也重归时尚，而且腿部比多年来裸露得更多。Translation第79页/共134页第七十九页，共135页。12

这一时期，正式的着装是不常见的，除非是在工作场所。品牌牛仔裤获得了巨大的人气。品牌牛仔裤由传统的牛仔布制成，或许会加入弹力纤维，但由知名品牌，如阿玛尼、雨果·波士和莫斯奇诺等剪裁和销售。这些品牌以前只关注最时髦的时尚服装系列。在英国和欧洲大部分地区，瘦腿牛仔裤也开始流行。裙子的长度不一，从迷你裙到“合理的”及膝裙或过膝长裙，各种长度的裙子都有。Translation第80页/共134页第八十页，共135页。13

有时裙子底边甚至可以预测股市行情。2007年9月，纽约时装秀上展示的2008年春季时装的流行趋势是长长的裙子，许多长及小腿中部，甚至长至脚踝。有人认为，这表明裙边指标不再可靠，并且设计师也丧失了对于人们着装的主宰权。Translation第81页/共134页第八十一页，共135页。2008年9月，伦敦和纽约时装秀上展示的裙子底边继续下降。果然，2008年秋季，当金融危机重创美国、欧洲继而世界各地时，股指崩溃了。裙子底边不再追随股市行情——而是预示股市行情，并表明未来的经济走势。Translation第82页/共134页第八十二页，共135页。

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在整个50年期间，时尚风格变化巨大，而且变化通常由人们想要归属于某个亚文化群体的愿望所激发。但在此期间，时尚的不变因素是牛仔裤和裙子底边长度的变化，而对于时尚的最大影响来自于19世纪加利福尼亚的一个服装制造商和20世纪60年代摇摆伦敦的一名年轻的时装设计师。■Translation第83页/共134页第八十三页，共135页。MainideaofthetextFashionchangesallthetimes,butwhatcausesthechanges?Couldfashionalwaysberespondingtonewmaterialsandtechniquesforproducingclothes?Doesfashionrespondtothespiritofdifferentdecadesandsocialchanges?Mightthechangesberandom,orcouldtheybem