职称英语综合类B级考前预测试卷

2013年职称英语(综合类B级)考前预测试卷第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)

下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1.JohniscollaboratingwithMaryinwritingabook.

A.cooperating

B.merging

C.combining

D.associating

2.Icannolongertoleratehisactions.

A.putupwith

B.accept

C.take

D.sufferfrom

3.Marylostcontrolofhercarandcollidedwithatree.

A.cameacross

B.raninto

C.met

D.knocked

4.Marywascompelledtotakeinwashingtohelpsupportherfamily.

A.pleaded

B.appealed

C.forced

D.instructed

5.Thechildcouldn'tcomprehendtheadvancedtextbook.

A.interpret

B.read

C.understand

D.translate

6.Youmustshineyourshoes.

A.lighten

B.clean

C.wash

D.polish

7.Whatweretheeffectsofthedecisionshemade?

A.reasons

B.results

C.causes

D.bases

8.Firsteditionsofcertainpopularbookscannotbeobtainedforloveormoney.

A.atanyplace

B.atanyprice

C.inanylanguage

D.inanycountry

9.Inabullfight,itismovement,notthecolor,ofsubjectsthatarousesthebull.

A.confuses

B.excites

C.scares

D.diverts

10.Theworkersfinallycalledoffthestrike.

A.putoff

B.ended

C.cancelled

D.participatedin

11.Thefiremenactedquicklybecauseliveswereatstake.

A.indanger

B.indespair

C.outofcondition

D.outofdanger

12.Helenwillleaveimmediately.

A.faraway

B.rightaway

C.righthere

D.soon

13.Weshalltakethetreasureawaytoasafeplace.

A.clean

B.pretty

C.distant

D.secure

14.AnimportantpartofthenationalgovernmentistheForeignService,abranchoftheirspecializedbranches.

A.aunity

B.adivision

C.anembassy

D.aninvasion

15.Abeautifulwomanattendedtomeinthatstoreyesterday.

A.waitedon

B.talkedto

C.spoketo

D.stayedwith第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)

下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

TheFirstSettlementinNorthAmerica

Itisverydifficulttosayjustwhencolonizationbegan.ThefirsthundredyearsafterChristopherColumbusjourneyofdiscoveryin1492didnotproduceanysettlementontheNorthAmericacontinentbutrathersomeSpanishtradingpostsfurthersouth,agreatinterestingoldandadventure,andsomecolorfulcrimesinwhichtheEnglishhadtheirpart.JohnCahot,originallyfromGenoabutacitizenofVenice,wasestablishedasatraderinBristol,England,whenhemadeajourneyin1497.Buthisship,theMatthew,withitscrewofeighteen,didnomorethanseeanislandprohablyofftheNewEnglandcoast)andreturnhome.HeandhissonmadefurthervoyagesacrossthenorthAtlanticwhichenabledtheEnglishcrowntoclaima"legal"titletoNorthAmerica.ButforalongtimeafterwardstheEuropeansinterestinAmericawasmainlyconfinedtotheSpanishactivitiesfurthersouth.

ThefirstbeginningofpermanentsettlementinNorthAmericawerenearlyahundredyearsafterColumbusfirstvoyage.TheEnglishmanSirWalterRaleighclaimedthewholeofNorthAmericaforEngland,callingitVirginia.In1585hesentasmallgroupofpeoplewholandedinRoanokeIsland,buttheystayedonlyforayearandthenwentbacktoEnglandwithanotherexpedition,ledbyDrake,in1587.Asecondgroupwholandedin1587hadalldisappearedwhenafurtherexpeditionarrivedin1590.

ThefirstpermanentsettlementinNorthAmericawasin1607.EnglishcapitalistsfoundedtwoVirginiacompanies,asouthernonebasedinLondonandanorthernonebasedinBristol.ItwasdecidedtogivethenameNewEnglandtothenorthernarea.ThefirstsettlersinVirginiawerelittlemorethanwageslavestothecompany.Allweremenandtheexperimentwasnotverysuccessful.Manydied.Thosewhosurvivedlivedinmiserableconditions.By1619thecolonyhadonlyathousandpeople.

16.Weknowforsurethatcolonizationbeganattheendofthe15thcentury,

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

17.AmongtheearlysettlersinSouthAmericainthe16thcenturywereSpanishtraders.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

18.WithJohnCabotsarrivalatanislandofftheNewEnglandcoastin1497,theBritishCrownclaimedtobethelegalownerofNorthAmerica.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

19.TherewereeighteenpeopleonboardtheMatthewduringitsvoyagetoNorthAmericain1497.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

20.ThefirstattemptmadebyEuropeanpeopletosettledownpermanentlyinNorthAmericaoccurredinthe1580s.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

21.ThenameVirginiawasgiventoNorthAmericabySirWalterRaleigh.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

22.ThenameNewEnglandwasgiventothenorthernareaofNorthAmericabythebossofoneofthetwoVirginiacompanies.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23～30题，每题1分，共8分)下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1最佳标题；(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。HowtoArguewithYourBoss1.Beforeyouarguewithyourboss,checkwiththebosssecretarytodeterminehismood.Ifheatenailsforbreakfast,itisnotagoodideatoaskhimforsomething.Evenwithouttheboss'ssecretary,therearekeystotiming:don'tapproachthebosswhenhe'sondeadline;don'tgoinrightbeforelunch,whenheisapttobedistractedandrushed;don'tgoinjustbeforeorafterhehastakenavacation.2.Ifyou'remad,thatwillonlymakeyourbossmad.Calmdownfirst.Anddon'tletaparticularconcernopenthefloodgatesforallyouraccumulatedfrustration.Thebosswillfeelthatyouthinknegativelyaboutthecompanyanditishopelesstryingtochangeyourmind.Then,maybehewilldismissyou.3.Terribledisputescanresultwhenneithertheemployernortheemployeeknowswhatistheproblemtheotherwantstodiscuss.Sometimesthefightwillgoawaywhentheissuesaremadeclear.Theempoyeehastogethispointacrossclearlyinordertomakethebossunderstandit.4.Yourbosshasenoughonhismindwithoutyouraddingmore.Ifyoucan'tputforwardanimmediatesolution,atleastsuggesthowtoapproachtheproblem.Peoplewhofrequentlypresentproblemswithoutsolutionstotheirbossesmaysoonfindtheycan'tgetpastthesecretary.5.Todealeffectivelywithaboss,it'simportanttoconsiderhisgoalsandpressures.Ifyoucanputyourselfinthepositionofbeingapartnertotheboss,thenhewillbenaturallymoreinclinedtoworkyoutoachieveyourgoals.23.Paragraph2__________24.Paragraph3__________25.Paragraph4__________26.Paragraph5__________27.Ifyouwanttoaskthebossforanything,itisimportanttofindoutfirst__________28.Itisnecessarytomakecleartotheboss__________29.Itisnotwisetopresentthebosswithaproblem__________30.Youmustbeconsiderateandthinkofthetroubles__________第4部分：阅读理解(第31～45题，每题3分，共45分)

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选)

第一篇EiffelIsallEyeful

Some300metersup,neartheEiffelTower'swindwhippedsummittheworldcomestoscribble.Japanese,Brazilians,Americanstheygraffititheirnames,lovesandpoliticsonthecoldirontransformingthemostFrenchofmonumentsintosymbolofaworldonthemove.

WithParislaidoutinminiaturebelow,itseemsstrangethatvisitorswouldratherwastetimemarkingtheirpresencethanadmiringtheview.Butthegraffitialsoraisesaquestion:Why,nearly114yearsafteritwascompleted,anddecadesafteritceasedtobetheworld'stalleststructure,islaTourEiffelstillsopopular?

Thereasonsareascomplexastheironworkthatgracesastructuresome90storieshigh.Butpartoftheansweris,nodoubt,itsagelessness.Regularlymaintained,itshouldneverrustaway.Graffitiisregularlypaintedover,hutthetowerliveson.

"EiffelrepresentsParisandParisisFrance.Itisverysymbolic",saysttuguesRichard,a31-year-oldFrenchmanwhoholdstherecordforcyclingtiptothetower'ssecondfloor-747stepsin19minutesand4seconds,withouttouchingthefloorwithhisfeet."It'sironlady,Itinspiresus",hesays.

Buttowhat?Afterall,thetowerdoesn'thaveapurpose.Itceasedtobetheworld'stallestin1930whentheChryslerBuilding13wentupinNewYork.Yes,televisionandradiosignalsarebeamedfromthetop,andGustaveEiffel,afreneticbuilderwhodiedonDecember27,aged91,useditsheightforconductingresearchintoweather,aerodynamicsandradiocommunication.

Butinessencethetowerinspiressimplybybeingthereablankcanvasforvisitorstomakeofitwhattheywill.Tothetechnicallyminded,it'sanengineeringtriumph.Forlovers,it'sromantic.

"Thetowerwilloutlastallofus,andbyalongway",saysIsabelleEsnous,whosecompanymanagesEiffelTower.

31.WhydoestheauthorthinktheEiffelToweristransformedintosymbolofaworldonthemove?

A.TouristsfromallovertheworldcometotheEiffelTowerbycarorbyplane.

B.Touristsofallnationalitiescometoscribbleonthecoldironofthetower.

C.TheEiffelToweristhetallestbuildingintheworld.

D.TheEiffelTowerrepresentsallthetowersintheworld.

32.Whatseemsstrangetotheauthor?

A.Visitorspreferwastingtimescribblingtoenjoyingtheview.

B.Visitorsspendsmuchtimewatchingotherpeoplescribbling.

C.OnlyJapanese,BraziliansandAmericansliketomarktheirpresence.

D.Scribblingspreadfromcountrytocountry.

33.WhichstatementisNOTtrueofHuguesRichard?

A.Heisacyclist.

B.Heisarecordholder.

C.Heclimbed747stepsupthetowerin19minutesand4seconds.

D.Hecycleduptothetower'ssecondfloor.

34.WhatdidthebuilderusetheEiffelTowerfor?

A.Sendingradioandtelevisionsignalsallovertheworld.

B.Conductingresearchinvariousfields.

C.Givingpeopleinspiration.

D.DemonstratingFrenchculture.

35.Whichofthefollowingisnearestinmeaningto"(TheEiffelTowerislike)ablankcanvasforvisitorstomakeofitwhattheywill"?

A.Visitorscandowhatevertheywantonthetower.

B.Visitorscanpaintonthetowerwhatevertheywant.

C.Visitorscanimaginefreelywhatthetowerrepresents.

D.VisitorscandrawonablankcanvasprovidedbytheTowermanagementcompany.

第二篇FindYourselfPackingItOn?BlameFriends

Obesitycanspreadfrompersontoperson,muchlikeavirus,researchersarereportingtoday.Whenonepersongainsweight,closefriendstendtogainweight,too.

Theirstudy,publishedinTheNewEnglandJournalofMedicine,involvedadetailedanalysisofalargesocialnetworkof12,067peoplewhohadbeencloselyfollowedfor32years,from1971to2003.

Theinvestigatorsknewwhowasfriendswithwhomaswellaswhowasaspouseorsiblingorneighbor,andtheyknewhowmucheachpersonweighedatvarioustimesoverthreedecades.Thatletthemreconstructwhathappenedovertheyearsasindividualsbecameobese.Didtheirfriendsalsohecomeobese?Didfamilymembers?Orneighbors?

Theanswer,theresearchersreport,wasthatpeopleweremostlikelytobecomeobesewhenafriendbecameobese.Thatincreasedaperson'schancesofbecomingobeseby57percent.Therewasnoeffectwhenaneighborgainedorlostweight,however,andfamilymembershadlessinfluencethanfriends.

Itdidnotevenmatterifthefriendwashundredsofmilesaway,theinfluenceremained.Andthegreatestinfluenceofallwasbetweenclosemutualfriends.There,ifonebecameobese,theotherhada171percentincreasedchanceofbecomingobese,too.

Thesameeffectseemedtooccurforweightloss,theinvestigatorssay.Butsincemostpeopleweregaining,notlosing,overthe32years,theresultwas,onaverage,thatpeoplegrewfatter.

Dr.NicholasA.Christakis,aphysicianandprofessorofmedicalsociologyatHarvardMedicalSchoolandaprincipalinvestigatorinthenewstudy,saidoneexplanationwasthatfriendsaffectedeachothers'perceptionoffatness.Whenaclosefriendbecomesobese,obesitymaynotlooksobad.

"Youchangeyourideaofwhatisanacceptablebodytypebylookingatthepeoplearoundyou,"Dr.Christakissaid.

TheinvestigatorssaytheirfindingscanhelpexplainwhyAmericanshavebecomefatterinrecentyears-eachpersonwhobecameobesewaslikelytodragalongsomefriends.

Theiranalysiswasunique,Dr.Christakissaid,becauseitmovedbeyondasimpleanalysisofonepersonandhisorhersocialcontactsandinsteadexaminedanentiresocialnetworkatonce,lookingathowaperson'sfriend'sfriends,oraspouse'ssibling'sfriends,couldhaveaninfluenceonaperson'sweight.

Theeffects,hesaid,"highlighttheimportanceofaspreadingprocess,akindofsocialcontagion,thatspreadsthroughthenetwork."

Ofcourse,theinvestigatorssay,socialnetworksarenottheonlyfactorsthataffectbodyweight.

Thereisastronggeneticcomponentatwork,too.

Sciencehasshownthatindividualshavegeneticallydeterminedrangesofweights,spanningperhaps80orsopoundsforeachperson.Butthatleavesalargerolefortheenvironmentindeterminingwhetheraperson'sweightisnearthetopofhisorherrangeornearthebottom.Aspeoplehavegottenfatter,itappearsthatmanyareedgingtoward9thetopoftheirranges.Thequestionhasbeenwhy.

Ifthenewresearchiscorrect,itmaysaythatsomethingintheenvironmentseededwhatsomecallanobesityepidemic,makingafewpeoplegainweight.Thensocialnetworkslettheobesityspreadrapidly.

36.Whohadthegreatestinfluenceonpeoplewhobecameobese'

A.Theirfriends.

B.Theirneighbours.

C."Theirfamilymembers.

D.Theircolleagues.

37.Whichofthefollowingstatementaboutafriend'sinfluenceisfalseaccordingtothereport?

A.Friendshadmoreinfluencethanfamilymembersonpeoplewhobecameobese.

B.Evenifthefriendlivesfaraway,theinfluencestillremained.

C.Peoplewerenotlikelytoloseweightwhentheyhaveskinnyfriends.

D.Thegreatestinfluenceofallwasbetweenclosemutualfriends.

38.AccordingtoDr.NicholasA.Christakis,whatistheexplanationforfriendsbeingthegreatestinfluence?

A.Friendsusuallyspendalotoftimetogether.

B.Friendssharesimilareatinghabits.

C.Friendsaremoreimportantthanfamilymembers.

D.Friendsaffectedeachothers'feelingsoffatness.

39.Whichfactorofbecomingobeseisnotmentionedinthisreport?

A.Socialcontact.

B.Geneticinformation.

C.Lifestyle.

D.Environmentalinfluences.

40.Inwhatwayisobesitycontagiousandepidemic?

A.Socialnetworkslettheobesityspreadrapidly.

B.Individualshavegeneticallydeterminedrangesofweights.

C.Obesitycaneasilyspreadfromonetoanotherwithoutanyphysicalcontact.

D.Obesitycanspreadrapidlyandextensivelybyinfectionandaffectingmanyindividualsinanareaorapopulationatthesametime.

第三篇SpacinginAnimals

FlightDistance

Anyobservantpersonhasnoticedthatawildanimalwillallowamanorotherpotentialenemytoapproachonlyuptoagivendistancebeforeitflees."Flightdistance"isthetermsusedforthisinterspeciesspacing.Asageneralrule,thereisapositiverelationshipbetweenthesizeofananimalanditsflightdistancethelargertheanimal,thegreaterthedistanceitmustkeepbetweenitselfandtheenemy.Anantelopewillfleewhentheenemyisasmuchasfivehundredyardsaway.Thewalllizard'sflightdistance,ontheotherhandisaboutsixfeet.Flightisthebasicmeansofsurvivalformobilecreatures.

CriticalDistance

Criticaldistanceapparentlyispresentwhereverandwheneverthereisaflightreaction."Criticaldistance"includesthenarrowzoneseparatingflightdistancefromattackdistance.Alioninazoowillfleefromanapproachingmanuntilitmeetsabarrierthatitcannotovercome.Ifthemancontinuestheapproach,hesoonpenetratesthelion'scriticaldistance,atwhichpointthecorneredlionreversesdirectionandbeginsslowlytostalktheman.

SocialDistance

Socialanimalsneedtostayintouchwitheachother.Lossofcontactwiththegroupcanbefatalforavarietyofreasonsincludingexposuretoenemies.Socialdistanceisnotsimplythedistanceatwhichananimalwilllosecontactwithhisgroup--thatis,thedistanceatwhichitcannolongersee,hear,orsmellthegroup-itisratherapsychologicaldistance,oneatwhichtheanimalapparentlyheginstofeelanxiouswhenheexceedsitslimits.Wecanthinkofitasahiddenbandthatcontainsthegroup.

Socialdistancevariesfromspeciestospecies.Itisquiteshortapparentlyonlyafewyardsamongsomeanimals,andquitelongamongothers.

Socialdistanceisnotalwaysrigidlyfixedbutisdeterminedinpartbythesituation.Whentheyoungofapesandhumansaremobilebutnotyetundercontrolofthemother'svoice,socialdistancemaybethelengthofherreach.Thisisreadilyobservedamongthebaboonsinazoo.Whenthebabyapproachesacertainpoint,themotherreachesouttoseizetheendofitstailandpullitbacktoher.

Whenaddedcontrolisneededbecauseofdanger,socialdistanceshrinks.Toshowthisinman,onehasonlytowatchafamilywithanumberofsmallchildrenholdinghandsastheycrossabusystreet.

41.WhichofthefollowingisthemostappropriatedefinitionofFlightDistance?

A.Distancebetweenanimalsofthesamespeciesbeforefleeing.

B.Distancebetweenlargeandsmallanimalsbeforefleeing.

C.Distancebetweenananimalanditsenemybeforefleeing.

D.Distancebetweencertainanimalspeciesbeforefleeing.

42.Ifananimal'scriticaldistanceispenetrated,itwill

A.begintoattack.

B.trytohide

C.begintojump

D.runaway

43.Accordingtothepassage,socialdistancerefersto

A.physicaldistance

B.psychologicaldistance

C.physiologicaldistance

D.philosophicaldistance

44.Whichofthefollowingcouldbestreplacetheword"band"in"Wecanthinkofitasahiddenbandthatcontainsthegroup"(inParagraph3)?

A.stripofland.

B.distance.

C.society.

D.community.

45.Theexampleofthechildrenholdinghandswhencrossingthestreetinthelastparagraphshowsthat

A.socialdistanceisnotalwaysneeded.

B.thereisnosocialdistanceamongsmallchildren.

C.humansaredifferentfromanimalsinsocialdistance.

D.socialdistanceissometimesdeterminedbyoutsidefactors.第5部分：补全短文(第46～50题，每题2分，共10分)

下面的短文有5处空白。短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。

ObesityCausesGlobalWarming

Thelistofillsattributabletoobesitykeepsgrowing:Lastweek,obesepeoplewereaccusedofcausingglobalwarming.

ThisconclusioncomesfromSheldonJacobsonoftheUniversityofIllinois,US,andadoctoralstudent,LauraMcLay.TheirstudycalculateshowmuchextragasolineisneededtohaulfatAmericansaround.Theanswer,theysay,isabilliongallonsofgasperyear.46__________

Therehasbeencallsfortaxesonjunkfoodinrecentyears.47__________"Wetaxcigarettespartlybecauseoftheirhealthcost",Schmidtsaid."Similarly,leadingalazylifestylewillendupcostingtaxpayersmore.

USpoliticalscientistEricOliversaidhisfirstinstinctwastolaughatthesegasandfastfoodarguments.Butsuchclaimsaregettingattention.

AttheUSObesitySociety'sannualmeeting,onepersoncorrelatedobesitywithcaraccidentdeaths,andanothercorrelatedobesitywithsuicides.48__________"Thefunnythingwasthateveryonetookitseriously,"Oliversaid.

Ina1960sstudy,childrenwereshowndrawingsofchildrenwithdisabilitiesandwithoutthem,andadrawingofanobesechild.Theywereaskedwhichtheywouldwantforafriend?49__________

Threeresearchersrecentlyrepeatedthestudyusingcollegestudents.Onceagain,almostnoone,notevenobesepeople,likedtheobeseperson."Obesitywasstigmatized,"theresearcherssaid.

But,researcherssay,gettingthinisnotlikequittingsmoking.Peoplestruggletostopsmoking,and,intheend,manysucceed.Obesityisdifferent.But,notbecauseobesepeopledon'tcare.50__________Genesalsoplayapart.

A.Ameagerdietmaykeepyouthin.

B.Itmeansanextra11milliontonsofcarbondioxide.

C.Theobesechildwaspickedlast.

D.USeconomistMartinSchmidtsuggestsataxonfastfooddeliveredtopeople'scars.

E.Sciencehasshownthattheyhavelimitedpersonalcontrolovertheirweight.F.Nooneaskedwhethertherewasreallyacause-and-effectrelationship.第6部分：完形填空(第51～65题，每题1分，共15分)

下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。

WorkingMothers

Carefullyconductedresearchesthathavefollowedthechildrenofworkingmothershavenotbeenabletoshowanylong-termproblems,comparedwithchildrenwhosemothersstayedathome.Mypersonal51__________isthatmothersshouldbeallowedtoworkiftheywish.Whetherwelikeitornot,therearea52__________ofmotherswhojusthavetowork.Therearethosewhohaveinvestedsu