2015英语二阅读真题标注版

10号晚上讲义。英语二的，一定自己白天抽出30分钟看一遍，Anewstudysuggeststhatcontrarytomostsurveys社会,peopleareactuallymorestressedathomethanatworkResearchersmeasuredpeople’scortisol皮脂腺,whichisstressmarker记录者,whiletheywereatworkandwhiletheywereathomeandfoundithigheratwhatissupposedtobeaplaceofrefuge庇护.“Furthercontradicting于conventionalwisdom传统智慧,wefoundthatwomenaswellasmenhavelowerlevelsofstressatworkthanathomewritesoneoftheresearchers,SarahDamaske.Infactwomenevensaytheyfeelbetteratwork,shenotes.“Itismen,notwomen,whoreportbeinghappierathomethanatwork.”Anothersurpriseisthatthefindingsholdtrueforboththosewithchildrenandwithout,butmoresofornonparents非父母.Thisiswhypeoplewhoworkoutsidethehomehavebetterhealth.Whatthestudydoesn’tmeasureiswhetherpeoplearestillngworkwhenthey’reathome,whetheritishouseholdworkorworkbroughthomefromtheoffice.Formanymen,theendoftheworkdayisatimetokickback放松.Forwomenwhostayhome,theynevergettoleavetheoffice.Andforwomenwhoworkoutsidethehome,theyoftenareplayingcatch-up-with-householdtasks.Withtheblurring模糊ofroles,andthefactthatthehomefront家庭lagswellbehindtheworkplaceinmakingadjustmentsforworkingwomen,it’snotsurprisingthatwomenaremorestressedathome.课程更新务必 Butit’snotjustagender性别thing.Atwork,peopleprettymuchknowwhatthey’resupposedtobeng:working,makingmoney,ngthetasks任务theyhavetodoinordertodrawan e.Thebargain交易isverypure纯粹:Employeeputsinhoursofphysicalormentallabor脑力劳动andemployeedrawsoutlife-sustaining维持生活的Onthehomefront家庭,however,peoplehavenosuchclarity清楚.Rare很少isthehouseholdinwhichthedivisionoflaborissoclinically临床地，客观地andmethodically方法论地laidoutTherearealotoftaskstobedonethereareinadequaterewards不够的formostofthemYourhomecolleaguesyourfamilyhavenoclearrewardsfortheirlabor;theyneedtobetalkedintoit,orifthey’reteenagers,threatenedwithcompleteremoval移走ofallelectronicdevices电子设备.Plus,they’reyourfamily.Youcannotfireyourfamily.Youneverreallygettogohomefromhome.Soit’snotsurprisingthatpeoplearemorestressed更有压力athome.Notonlyarethetasksapparentlyinfinite无穷的,theco-workersaremuchhardertomotivate动员.AccordingtoParagraph1,mostprevioussurveysfoundthat［A］wasanunrealisticplacefor［B］generatedmorestressthanthe［C］wasanidealplaceforstress［D］offeredgreaterrelaxationthantheAccordingtoDamaske,whoarelikelytobethehappiestat［A］Working［B］Childless［C］Childless［D］Working

课程更新务必 Theblurringofworkingwomen’srolesreferstothefact［A］theyarebothbreadwinnersand［B］theirhomeisalsoaplaceforkicking［C］thereisoftenmuchhouseworkleft［D］itisdifficultforthemtoleavetheirTheword“moola”(Para.4)mostprobably［A］［B］［C］［D］Thehomefrontdiffersfromtheworkplacein［A］homeishardlyacozierworking［B］divisionoflaborathomeisseldomclear-［C］householdtasksaregenerallymore［D］familylaborisoften y

课程更新务必 Foryearsstudieshavefoundthatfirst-generationcollegestudentsthosewhodonothaveaparentwithacollegedegree大学—lag于otherstudentsonarangeofeducationachievementfactors因素Theirgradesarelowerandtheirdropoutrates辍学率arehigherButsincesuchstudentsaremostlikelytoadvanceeconomically改善经济状况iftheysucceedinhighereducation,collegesanduniversitieshavepushedfordecadestorecruit招收moreofthem.Thishascreated“aparadox”inthatrecruitingfirst-generationstudents,butthenwatchingmanyofthemfail,meansthathigher//educationhas“continuedtoreproduceandwiden,ratherthanclose”achievementgap成就沟壑basedonsocialclass,accordingtothedepressing令人压抑的beginningofapaperinginthejournalPsychologicalScience心理科学.Butthearticleisactuallyquiteoptimistic乐观的,asitoutlinesapotentialsolutiontothisproblemsuggestingthatanapproachwhichinvolvesaone-hournext-to-no-costprogram)canclose关闭63percentoftheachievementgap(measuredbysuchfactorsasgrades)betweenfirst-generationandotherstudents.Theauthorsofthepaperarefromdifferentuniversities,andtheirfindingsarebasedonastudyinvolving147studentswhocompletedtheprojectatanunnamedprivateuniversity.Firstgenerationwasdefinedasnothavingaparentwithafour-yearcollegedegree.Mostofthefirst-generationstudents(59.1percent)wererecipients接收者ofPellGrants津贴,afederalgrantforundergraduateswithfinancialneed,whilethiswastrue适用于onlyfor8.6percentofthestudentswithatleastoneparentwithafour-yeardegree.Theirthesis—thatarelativelymodestintervention干预couldhaveabigimpact—wasbasedontheviewthatfirst-generationstudentsmaybemostlackingnotinpotential潜力、能力butinpracticalknowledgeabouthowtodealwiththeissuesthatfacemostcollegestudents.Theycitepastresearchbyseveralauthorstoshowthatthisisthegapthatmustbenarrowedtoclosetheachievementgap.Manyfirst-generationstudents“struggletonavigate航行themiddle-classcultureofhighereducation,learnthe‘rulesofthegame,’andtakeadvantageof利用collegeresources,”theywrite.Andthis esmoreofaproblemwhencollegesdon’ttalkabout不理会无视theclassadvantage阶级优势anddisadvantagesofdifferentgroupsofstudents.BecauseU.S.collegesanduniversitiesseldomacknowledgehowsocialclasscanaffectstudents’educationalexperience,manyfirst-generationstudentslacksight缺乏视野aboutwhytheyarestrugglinganddonotunderstandhowstudentslikethem如他们can［A］reducedtheirdropout［B］narrowedtheachievement［C］misseditsoriginal［D］depressedcollegeTheauthoroftheresearcharticleareoptimistic［A］theproblemis［B］theirapproachis［C］therecruitingratehas［D］theirfindingsappealtoThestudysuggeststhatmostfirst-generation［A］studyatprivate［B］arefromsingle-parent［C］areinneedoffinancial［D］havefailedtheirTheauthorsofthepaperbelievethatfirst-generation［A］areactuallyindifferenttotheachievement［B］canhaveapotentialinfluenceonother［C］maylackopportunitiestoapplyforresearch［D］areinexperiencedinhandlingtheirissuesatcollege30.Wemayinferfromthelastparagraphthat.［A］universitiesoftenrejectthecultureofthemiddle-［B］studentsareusuallytoblamefortheirlackof［C］socialclassgreatlyhelpsenricheducational［D］collegesarepartlyresponsiblefortheprobleminEvenintraditionaloffices,thelinguafrancaofcorporateAmerica公司的化的hasgottenmuchmoreemotionalandmuchmoreright-brainedthanitwas20yearsago,”saidHarvardBusinessSchoolprofessorNancyKoehn.Shestartedspinning纺织offexamples.“IfyouandIparachuted降落伞、落backtoFortune500companiesin1990,wewouldseemuchlessfrequentuseofterms术语likejourney,mission,passion.Thereweregoals,therewerestrategies,therewereobjectives目标,butwedidn’ttalkaboutenergy;wedidn’ttalkaboutpassion.”Koehnpointedoutthatthisnewera时代ofcorporatevocabularyisvery“team”团-oriented—andnotbycoincidence.“Let’snotforgetsports—inmale-dominated主导的corporateAmerica公司化的,it’sstillabigdeal大事.It’snotexplicitlyconscious浅显的意识;it’stheideathatI’macoach,andyou’remyteam,andwe’reinthistogether.TherearelotsandlotsofCEOsinverydifferentcompanies,butmostthinkofthemselvesascoachesandthisistheirteamandtheywanttowin.”Thesetermsarealsointendedtoinfuse注入workwithmeaning—and,asKhuranapointsout,increaseallegiance忠诚tothefirm.“Youhavetheimportation引入、进口ofterminology术语thathistoricallyusedtobeassociatedwithnon-profitorganizationsandreligiousorganizations宗教组织:Termslikevision,values,passion,andpurpose.”saidThisnewfocus alfulfillmentcanhelpkeepemployeesmotivatedamid在//increasinglylouddebates辩论overwork-lifebalance.The“mommywars”ofthe1990sarestillgoingontoday,promptingargumentsaboutwhywomenstillcan’thaveitallandbookslikeSherylSandberg’sLeanIn,whosetitlehas eabuzzword时髦用语initsownright.Termslikeunplug拔掉插头,offline,life-hack,bandwidth带宽,andcapacityareallaboutsettingboundaries界限betweentheofficeandthehome.Butifyourworkisyour“passion,”you’llbemorelikelytodevote献身yourselftoit,evenifthatmeansgoinghomefordinnerandthenworkinglongafterthekidsareinbed.Butthisseemstobetheirony讽刺的ofofficespeak:Everyonemakesfunofit,butmanagersloveit,companiesdependonit,andregularpeoplewillinglyabsorb吸收it.AsNunbergsaid,“Youcangetpeopletothinkit’snonsense胡说atthesametimethatyoubuyinto接受、买账it.”Inaworkplacethat’sfundamentallyindifferenttoyourlifeanditsmeaning,officespeakcanhelpyoufigureouthowyourelatetoyourwork—andhowyourworkdefineswhoyouare.AccordingtoNancyKoehn,officelanguage ［A］more［B］more［C］less［D］less“Team”-orientedcorporatevocabularyiscloselyrelated［A］historical［B］gender［C］sports［D］athleticKhuranabelievesthattheimportationofterminologyaims［A］revivehistorical［B］promotecompany［C］fostercorporate［D］strengthenemployeeItcanbeinferredthatLean［A］voicesforworking［B］appealstopassionate［C］triggersdebatesamong［D］praisesmotivatedWhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutoffice［A］Managersadmireitbutavoid［B］Linguistsbelieveittobe［C］Companiesfindittobe［D］Regularpeoplemockitbutacceptit.Text4Manypeopletalkedofthe288,000newjobstheLaborDepartmentreportedforJunealongwiththedropintheunemploymentrateto6.1percent,asgoodnews.Andtheywereright.Fornowitappearstheeconomyiscreatingjobsatadecentpace体面的步伐.Westillhavealongwaytogotogetback夺回tofullemployment,butatleastwearenowfinallymovingforwardatafasterpace.Howeverthereisanotherimportantpartofthejobspicturethatwaslargelyoverlooked忽视.Therewasabigjump跳跃inthenumberofpeoplewhoreportvoluntarilyworkingpart-time.Thisfigureisnow830,000(44percent)aboveitsyearagolevel.BeforeexplainingtheconnectiontotheObamacare,itisworthmakingandistinction区分.Manypeoplewhoworkpart-timejobsactuallywantfull-timejobs.Theytakepart-timeworkbecausethisisalltheycanget.Anincreaseininvoluntarypart-timeworkisevidenceofweakness弱inthelabormarketanditmeansthatmanypeoplewillbehavingaveryhardtimemakingendsmeet最低需求.Therewasanincreaseininvoluntarypart-timeinJune,butthegeneraldirectionhasbeendownInvoluntarypart-timeemploymentisstillfarhigherthanbeforetherecession经济萧条,butitisdownby640,000(7.9percent)fromitsyearagolevel.Weknowthedifferencebetweenvoluntaryandinvoluntarypart-timeemploymentbecausepeoplelus.Thesurvey社会usedbytheLaborDepartmentaskspeopleiftheyworkedlessthan35hoursinthereferencewee参考周.Iftheansweris“yes”,theyareclassified分类asworkingpart-time.Thesurveythenaskswhethertheyworkedlessthan35hoursinthatweekbecausetheywantedtoworklessthanfulltimeorbecausetheyhadnochoice.Theyareonlyclassifiedasvoluntarypart-timeworkersiftheylthesurveytakertheychosetoworklessthan35hoursaweek.Theissueofvoluntarypart-timerelatestoObamacarebecauseoneofthemainpurposes目标wastoallowpeopletogetinsuranceoutsideofemployment.Formanypeople,especiallythosewithserioushealthcondi