外研社必修五 module 2 language points of Reading

LanguagepointsModule2AJobWorthDoing1.Manyroadsare

andaccidentsarefrequent.

许多路况不好，事故频繁发生。in….condition处于……状况Thecarisinverygoodcondition.He’sinexcellentconditionforamanofhisage.他就其年龄而言，身体极好。这辆汽车情况良好。onconditionthat在我的父母也受邀请的条件下，我才来。I’llcomeonconditionthatmyparentsareinvited,too.

inbadcondition在……的条件下，倘若2.Oneroad

,whichgoesnorthfromLasaPaz,isconsideredthemostdangerousroadintheworld.

尤其是从拉巴斯通往北边的一条路被认为是最危险的。inparticular尤其，特别。 Thewholemealwasgoodbutthewineinparticularwasexcellent.整顿饭都很好，尤其是葡萄酒更好。beparticularabout/oversth

对……讲究/挑剔

她对衣着很讲究。Sheisveryparticularaboutwhatshewears.inparticular3.

Althoughthereisnotalotoftraffic,

onevehiclecomesofftheroad

.尽管交通量不大，但平均每两周就有一辆车驶出公路on(an/the)average平均平均每天有一千名参观者。Onanaverage，thereare1000visitorsaday.Thecarruns15kilometersperliterontheaverage.这辆车平均每公升（汽油）跑辆公里。onaverageeverytwoweeksevery+基数+名词复数 =every+序数+名词单数

“每---”e.g.everytwoweeks =everysecondweek =everyotherweekHecomestoseeuseverytwodays?Howeverbusyheis,theyoungmanwillgotothecountrytoseehisparents

.A.everyfewdays B.everyafewdaysC.eachfewdays D.eachafewdays

4.But

,fewdriversrespecttherules.inpracticeinpracticeintheory=theoricallyrespect/observe/obeytherulesrespectvt.尊敬；尊重Shepromisedtorespectourwishes.Allofusshouldrespecttherule.遵守法律obeytherule

breaktheruleasarule

通常地；一般说来；照说；照例

asageneralrulerulevt.统治女王统治这个国家Thequeenrulesthewholecountry.rulern.尺子统治者5.Everymorningheclimbsuptothebend

alargecircular

.with boardinhishandwith的复合结构Hefeltsafewithhismumstandingbehindhim.Hewenttothelibrarywithhishomeworkfinished.Withalotofhomeworktodo,heisn’tfree.Heisusedtosleepingwiththewindowsopen.HelikesreadingwithhisMP3on.Hewentoutwithastickinhishand.with+n.+-edwith+n.+doingwith+n.+todowith+n.+adj.with+n.+adv.with+n.+prep.withtimegoingby=astimegoesby6.Butoftentheyjust

,takingthehumantrafficsignal

.1)passbysb/sth

经过，通过；漠视，不理会NobodypassedbywhileIstoodthere.我站在那里的时候，没有人经过。passbyforgranted2)passaway去世，离世；(时间等)消磨掉,过去Fortyyearshavepassedawaysincetheymet.Hepassedawaypeacefully.3)take…forgranted

以为某事理所当然。

Don’ttakeanythingforgranted.不要认为任何事情都是想当然的。takeitforgranted+that从句

别总是认为父母给你钱是理所当然的事。e.g.Don’ttakeitforgrantedthatyourparentsshouldgiveyoumoney.7.Thenonedaywhilehewasworkingasalorrydriverhe

death.hadacloseencounterwithencountern.

突然、意外相遇（尤指敌对的、不好的）haveanencounterwithsb./sth突然/意外遇到……eg.昨晚我意外碰到一条蛇。LastnightIhadanencounterwithasnake.vt.遇到/面临（不好的）我开始做这项工作时，遇到许多困难。IencounteredmanydifficultieswhenIfirststartedthisjob.as的用法1)as+adj./adv.+as notas/so+adj./adv.+asThisfilmisasinterestingasthatone.2)“作为，以……身份”

HecametoChinaasatouristfiveyearsago.3)as单独引导定语从句Sheislate,asisoftenthecase.4)as引导让步状语从句

Strangeasitmayseem,nobodywasinjuredintheaccident.5)因为…;由于…Asrainhasfallen,theairiscooler.6)随着…

Youwillgrowwiserasyougrowolder.astimegoesby…withtimegoingby…7)一边……一边……

Ihopehecouldsingashedances.8)asfarassb.isconcernedaslongasasusual8.Hewasdrivingalorryloadofbananas

hecameofftheroadatabendandfellthreehundredmetersdownthemountain.他正载运一车香蕉，这时，在弯道处驶出公路翻下山三百米处。句中的when为并列连词，意思是“就在那时，突然”,相当于suddenly，有时候也用whensuddenlywhenWhen的用法1）突然；这时（suddenly,whensuddenly）Wewereswimminginthelakewhensuddenlythestormstarted.Iwasabouttogooutwhenitrainedcatsanddogs.Hewashavingabaddreamwhenashoutwokehimup.2)既然（since;nowthat）Whydoyouwantanewjobwhenyou’vegotsuchagoodonealready?Whydoesshestealthingswhenshecouldeasilyaffordtobuythem?Ihavenothingtosayaboutwhenyouaresostubborn.3)whenever引导名词性从句和让步状语从句。Youcaneatfoodfreeinmyrestaurantwheneveryoulike.WheneverIhearthattune,itmakesmethinkofyou.Comewheneveryoulike.

4)by/since

when(beforeorsincewhichtime)Thatwaswrittenin1946,sincewhentheeducationsystemhasundergonegreatchanges.1)-----Where’sthatreport?-----Ibroughtittoyou_____youwereinMr.Black’sofficeyesterday. A.if B.whenC.becauseD.before2)Thebookwaswrittenin1946,________theeducationsystemhaswitnessedgreatchanges. A.when B.duringwhen C.sincethen D.sincewhen3)Nancyenjoyedherselfsomuch______shevisitedherfriendsinSydneylastyear.

A.that

B.which

C.when

D.where4)Occasionsarequiterare____Ihavethetimetospendadaywithmykids.

A.who

B.which

C.why

D.when5)Thereweresomechairsleftover_____everyonehadsatdown.A.whenB.untilC.thatD.where6)JaneisbackinMay,by______thenewhouseshouldbefinished.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.whenWhile的用法1)引导时间状语从句，从句谓语动词为延续性动词。“当……时；在……期间”----I’mgoingtothepostoffice.---Whileyou’rethere,canyougetmesomestamps?2)然而；却ThecostoflivinginGlasgowisamongthelowestinBritain,whilethequalityoflifeisprobablyoneofthehighest.(天津2006)Sheisverybeautiful,whileherhusbandisverybad-looking.3)趁……Whileyouareyoung,learnmore.Striketheironwhileit’shot.4)尽管……但是……(though;although)Whileheloveshischild,heisverystrictwithhim.While/Although/Thoughitisrainingheavily,hestillwantstogoout.1)________Ireallydon’tliketheart,Ifindhisworkimpressive.（07山东卷，29）A.AsB.SinceC.IfD.While2)I’dliketostudylawatuniversity_______mycousinprefersgeography.（07四川卷，29）A.thoughB.asC.whileD.for3)______theInternetisofgreathelp,Idon’tthinkit’safoodideatospendtoomuchtimeonit.（08湖南卷，33）A.If B.While C.BecauseD.As4)Insomeplaceswomenareexpectedtoearnmoney____menworkathomeandraisetheirchildren.（08四川卷，12）

A.but B.whileC.because D.though9.Thislastexperience

Timoteo.haveaneffecton对……有/产生影响Smokinghasabadeffectonhealth.Theradiationleakhashadadisastrouseffecton/upontheenvironment.

beofnoeffect无效

beineffect有效come/gointoeffect生效

takeeffect生效；开始发挥作用ineffect实际上；简直是；事实上put/carry/oeffect使生效、实现haveno/little/much/great/agood/abadeffecton/upon

对什么没有/几乎没有/有很大/有重大/有好的/有坏的影响hadaprofoundeffectonexperiencen.“经历”（C），“经验”（U）

have/get(much,alotof,practical…)experience

in/ofsth.=beexperiencedinIhavegotalotofexperienceoflecturing.Shehadsomeexperienceinfashiondesign.Thetwochildreninthisstoryhasbeenthroughalotofbadexperiences.Heisveryexperiencedindealingwithgirls.10.Andsoeverymorning,

Timoteotakesuphisplaceonthebendanddirectsthetraffic.

于是每天早晨，在山路的拐弯处Timoteo战好自己的位置，开始指挥来往的车辆，从拂晓到黄昏，一周又一周。weekin,weekout=weekafterweek一周又一周地，接连好几个星期；不断地dayin,dayoutyearin,yearoutmonthin,monthoutweekin,weekout,fromdowntodusk,FromtimetotimeFromhousetohouseFrombeginningtoendFrombadtoworse时不时挨家挨户至始至终每况愈下1.站好位置Trytotakeupyourplacewhenyou’redoingmorningexercise.2.开始从事……Whenshewasyoung,shetookupdancing.3.占用空间/时间Thisteacher’sdesktakesuptoomuchroom(place).12.takeuptakeofftakeontakeovertakeawaytakeintakeiteasytakeyourtime(飞机)起飞；(事业)成功；脱下(衣物)呈现接管带走；拿走欺骗；吸入别着急；慢慢来慢慢来；不着急1.berelatedto/with和……有关Hisillnessisrelatedtohisheavysmoking.他的病和他抽烟过多有关。Lightindustryiscloselyrelatedtoagriculture.轻工业和农业有着极其密切的关系。beconnectedwith与…有联系havesth.todowith和…有联系；和…有关CulturalCorner2.requirev.需要；要求；命令；坚持(多用被动)require后接从句时，从句中用“should+动词原形”的虚拟语气，should可以省略。requiresth.(ofsb.)requiresb.todosth.requirethatsb.(should)dorequirewantneed

要求某人某事doing(用主动形式表被动)需要做……(或用tobedone代替doing)要求某人干某事Itisamatterthatrequiresverycarefulhandling.

这件事情需要慎重处理。Allpassengersarerequiredtoshowtheirtickets.

所有乘客都必须出示车票。Thedirectorrequiredthatweshouldworkallnight.

主任要求我们通宵工作。Thesebooksarerequiredreading.这些书是指定读物。Whatdoyourequireofme?

你对我有何要求？5.demand①vt.

需要；要求，请求

demandsth.要求某事物

demandtodo要求做某事

demandofsb.todosth.要求某人做某事

demandthat…要求……Note:

后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。即：demandthatsb.(should)do的形式。

Thekindofworkdemandsenergyandpatience.这种工作需要精力和耐心。Theteacherdemands(ofthestudents)tolistencarefully.老师要求(学生们)认真听讲。②n.要求，请求；需要ingreatdemand急需indemandfor=inneedof需要meetone’sdemand/need满足某人的需求ThebossdemandedthatMary(should)

finishthetaskwithinaweek.

老板要求玛丽在一周内完成这项任务。易混辨异demand/request/require/ask

四者都含有“要求，请求”的意思。(1)demand一般指理直气壮地提出强烈要求，或坚持不让对方拒绝的要求。Shedemandedanimmediateexplanation.

她强烈要求立即作出解释。(2)request是正式用词，指非常正式、有礼貌地请求或恳求，多含担心因种种原因对方不能答应的意味。Theymadearequestforfurtheraid.

他们要求再给一些帮助。(3)require强调根据事业、需要或纪律、法律等而提出的要求。Thewearingofseatbeltsisrequiredbylaw.

法律规定必须系安全带。(4)ask属普通用词，指向对方提出要求或请求，长、晚辈、上下级之间都可使用。Sheaskedthatsheshouldbekeptinformed.

她要求继续向她汇报有关情况。一坚持：insist二命令：order，command三建议：suggest，advise，recommend （propose）四要求：desire,demand,require,requestHeinsistedthatwe(should)tellhimthenews.Sheinsiststhatsheisright.

当insist意为“坚持认为”时不用虚拟语气，“坚持要求某人做某事”时才用虚拟语气。order/commandsb.todosth.order/commandthatsb.shoulddosth.incommand(ofsth.)undersb.’scommand(havea)good/excellent/pooretccommandofsth.suggestdoingsomethingsuggestthatsomeone(should)dosomething.

当suggest意为“表明（indicate）”时，后面的从句不用虚拟语气：

Theevidencesuggeststhatsinglefathersaremorelikelytoworkthansinglemothers.advisesb.todosth.recommenddoingsth.requestsb.todosth.demandtodosth1)Ourmathteacher’sproposalisthatourhomework

bytomorrow.A.behandedin B.wouldbehandedinC.ishandedin D.willbehandedin2)Itisrequestedthateverytrafficparticipant__________thetrafficrulestomaketrafficsaferandfaster.A.performs B.respect C.obeys D.supports6.suffervt.遭受；经历；忍受；vi.受损害；受痛苦suffertheconsequences承担后果；受到惩罚sufferfor...因……而吃苦头sufferfrom...患……病注意当suffer后接具体的疾病、自然灾害、战争等带来的苦难或疾苦时，经常用sufferfrom。当宾语为pain,loss,punishment,wrong,discouragement,disappointment时，suffer用作及物动词。

suffer

+sufferfrom

一般的损害，痛苦等(result/heavylosses/injuries…)长期的，习惯的痛苦，灾难(headache、illness…)+Usefulexpressionsandphrasesathighaltitudeinbadconditioninparticularthemountainsrisesteeplysheerdropinplacescomeoffintheorygoinguphillcomingdownhillinpracticerespecttherules海拔高度很高处于糟糕的状态特别是，尤其是那些山陡峭地耸立巨大的落差某处，有些地方从…掉下从理论上说往上山方向走往下山方向走事实上遵守规则deathtollhasfallenknownlocallyas…approachnoonepayshimforitliveonpassbytakingthehumantrafficsignalforgrantedhevolunteeredtodirectthetraffichehadacloseencounterwithdeath死亡人数减少了在本地被称为…（在时间或空间）接近，靠近某人/物没人为此付给他工资生存下去经过；不注意某人/物认为这个人工交通灯的存在是理所当然的他自告奋勇地去指挥交通有一次他与死神擦身而过somehowhadaprofoundeffectonitwashismissioninlifetohelpothersweekin,weekoutfromdawntodusktakesuphisplaceonthebend对…有深远的影响帮助他人是他一生的使命一周又一周在那弯道上就位以某种方式；从早到晚Practice:Manyroadsare______________(处于不好的状态)andaccidentsarefrequent.Oneroad___________(尤其，特别),whichgoesnorthfromLaPaz,is__________(认为)themostdangerousroadintheworld.Althoughthereisnotalotoftraffic,__________(平均),onevehicle__________(坠落)theroadeverytwoweeks.inbadconditioninparticularconsideredonaveragecomesoff4._________(理论上),theroadcanonlybeusedbytraffic….But_________(实践上),fewdrivers________(遵守)therules.5.Butoftentheyjustpassby,_____thehumantrafficsignal