北斗和GPS技术应用比较

GlobalPositioningSystem（全球定位系统简称GPS）isanewgenerationofspacesatellitenavigationandpositioningsystemjointlydevelopedbytheU.S.armedforcesinthe1970s.Itsmainpurposeistoprovidereal-time,all-weatherandglobalnavigationserviceforthethreemajorareasofland,seaandair,andforintelligencegathering,nuclearexplosionmonitoringandemergencycommunicationsformilitarypurposes.ItisanimportantcomponentofthestrategyfortheUnitedStatestodominatetheglobal.Aftermorethan20yearsofresearchandexperimentsatacostof$30billion,24March1994,theGPSsatelliteconstellation,theglobalcoverageupto98%,hasbeenlaidtocomplete.IntroductionGPSHistoricalDevelopmentofGPS1978–LaunchoffirstGPSsatellite1985–KinematicGPSsurveying1989–LaunchoffirstBlockllsatelliteWideareadifferentialGPSconceptU.SCoastGuardGPSInformationSystem(GPSIC)1993–Real-timeKinematicGPSInitialoperationalcapability(IOC)onDecember8.1995–Fulloperationalcapability(FOC)onJuly171996–PresendentialDecisionDirective,firstU.SGPSpolicy2000–SelectiveavailabilitysettoZero.SatellitesorbitingtheEarthThetotalGPSconfigurationiscomprisedofthreedistinctsegments

(1)Thespacesegment-SatellitesorbitingtheEarth

(2)Thecontrolsegment-StationspositionedontheEarth’sequatortocontrolthesatellites.

(3)Theusersegment-AnybodythatreceivesandusestheGPSsignal.SystemOverviewBasicprinciplesofGPS

Positioningprinciple

Fourunknowsreceiver’sposition:（x,y,z）

receiver’s

clockdifference

Vt0

Intheory,weusethreesatellite’sinformationcanmakeoutthereceiver’location

Factly,useingthreesarellitecanonlymakesuretheLatitudeandlongitudeTransmissionmediaRadiowaves

suchasMicrowaveFeature:Widebandwidth

StableandReliableFlexibilityGooddirectionalLowcostPositioningsignalsTwoCarriersignalL1,L2Thefrequencyis1575.42MHzand

1227.60MHzTwoPseudo-randomcodeC/Acode1023bitPcodecodefrequency10.23MHzASignalcontainsthreedifferentbitsofinformation(1)Pseudorandomcode(2)Ephemerisdata(3)AlmanacdataTwoPositioningServiceSPSStandardPositioningServiceMainlyusingtheC/AcodeandprovideservicetothecivilianusersintheworldPPSPrecisionPositioningService

MainlysuingPcodeandprovideservicetotheofAmericaandit’sallylikeJapanFactorsaffectingaccuracyNumberofvisiblesatellitesPositiondilutionofprecisionSatelliteelevationsMultipathDistancebetweenspacestationandroverreceiversNumberofvisiblesatellitesPositiondilutionofprecisionSatelliteelevationsMultipathDistancebetweenspacestationandroverreceiversUsesofGPStechnologyLocation–DetermineabasicpositionNavigation–GettingfromonelocationtoanotherTracking–MonitoringthemovementofpeopleandthingsMapping–CreatingmapsTiming–Providingprecisetiming应用BeiDouBeiDou（COMPASS）NavigationSatelliteSystem(简称北斗)isnetworkof35satellitesdevelopedindependentlybyChina.Thesystem'spositioningandtimingdataareusedforavarietyofapplications,includingair,landandseanavigation,vehicleandvesseltracking,surveyingandmapping,assetandnaturalResourcemanagement.IntroductionHistoricalDevelopmentofBeiDou1980s–SettheplanofBeiDou2000-2004--Realizethefirststep2000-2012–FinishthesecondstepandRealizearegionalsource-off communication2012-2020–FinishthethirdstepandRealizeaglobalsource-off communication AboutsatelliteLineofdevelopmentSignalCharacteristicsThreecarriersignals’frequencybandB1:1559.052~1591.788MHzB2:1166.22~1217.37MHzB3:1250.618~1286.423MHzTillSatellitesurveySignal20125GEO+5IGSO+4MEO（Regionalservices）MainlythesignalofBeiDousystem’ssecondstage20205GEO+3IGSO+27MEO（Globalservices）MainlythesignalofBeiDousystem’sthirdstagesignalCenterfrequency(MHz)rate(cps)bandwidth(MHz)ModulationmodeServicemodeB1(I)1561.0982.0464.092QPSKopenB1(Q)2.046authorizedB2(I)1207.142.04624QPSKopenB2(Q)10.23authorizedB31268.5210.2324QPSKauthorizedThesignalofBeiDousystem’ssecondstagesignalCenter(MHz)Coderate(cps)Datarate(bps/sps)ModulationmodeServicemodeB1-CD1575.421.02350/100MBOC(6,1,1/11)OpenB1-CPNoB1-A2.04650/100BOC（14，2）authorizedNoB2aD1191.79510.2325/50AltBOC(15,10)openB2aPNoB2bD50/100B2bPNoB31268.5210.23500bpsQPSK(10)authorizedB3-AD2.557550/100BOC(15,2.5)authorizedB3-APNoThesignalofBeiDousystem’sthirdstageSystemcompositionThetotalBeiDouconfigurationiscomprisedofthreedistinctsegments

(1)Thespacesegment

(2)Thecontrolsegment

(3)TheusersegmentThespacesegmentGEO静止轨道卫星MEO卫星中轨道卫星Thespacesegmentismadeupof5GEOand30MEOsatellitesThecontrolsegmentThecontrolsegmentmainlymadeupofmasterstation,

uploadstationandmonitoringstations.

TheusersegmentTheusersegmentismainlymadeupofsomeBeiDou’sendsystemandsomeendsystembecompatiblewithotherGNCCBasicprinciplesofBeiDouBinarypositioning(双星原理)Thatis,whenyougettwosatellites’positionandtheheight,throughmathematicalcomputationyoucangetthepoint’spositionyouwanttoknow.SystemServicesOpenService FacingwholeworldAuthorizationService Facingspecialusers通信communication水利waterconservancy减灾disasterrelief海事marinefishery交通transportation气象meteorological林业forestry

ApplicationCommunicationSuccessfullydevelopedthesystemwithBeiDou/GPSmode.What’smore,developedIntegratedsatelliteGPSclocksystem(研发了一体化卫星授时系统).TD-SCDMA抗干扰螺旋天线北斗/GPS光纤拉远授时示意图Waterconservancyachievedreal-timetransmissionofhydrologicalforecastinformation（水文测报）inthemountainousregionsimprovedtheaccuracyoftheforecastsofdisasterdisasterrelief汶川地震救灾现场减灾中心工作人员在玉树现场利用北斗用户机报告灾情Providingnationwidereal-timedisasterreliefcommandscheduling,emergencycommunicationsQuicklyreportingandsharingdisasterinformationEnhancingtherapidresponsecapabilityanddecision-makingabilityofdisasteremergencyrescue.Marinefishery基于北斗系统的海洋渔业综合信息服务网络海洋渔业应用分布

AchievingPositionMonitoring,emergencyrescue,informationdisseminationandmanagementoffishingboatsinandoutoftheharbortofisheriesmanagementdepartmentstransportationexcellentexamples:SatellitemonitoringsystemofpublictransportinXinjian“新疆公众交通卫星监控系统”Roadinfrastructuresafetymonitoringsystem、“公路基础设施安全监控系统”Porthigh-precisionreal-timepositioningcontrolandsupervisionsystem“港口高精度实时定位调度监控系统meteorologicaldevelopedaseriesofmeteorologicalforecastingCompassterminalequipment,raisedpracticalsystemapplicationsolutionssolvedtheproblemoftheautomatictransmissionandvisualizationofdigitalpacketsoftheNationalWeatherServiceandlocalmeteorologicalcenterweatherstations基于北斗的高原地区气象监测站

基于北斗的珠峰气象监测站forestry

forestfirepreventionsystemhasbeensuccessfullyusedincombat,isnowequippedwithmorethan700sets.项目

北斗卫星导航系统GPS全球定位系统覆盖范围70°E一140°E,5°N一55°N

全球卫星数量35

24卫星轨道特性5颗同步和30颗非同步轨道卫星21+3非同步轨道卫星定位方式/原理有源/主动式双向测距二维导航无源/被动式伪码单向测距三维导航定位精度/m

几十米6(P码)，12(C/A码)授时精度/ns100