主谓一致课件(非常适合上课用)资料

主谓一致(yīzhì)AGREEMENT第一页，共87页。Usefulstructures语法详解：所谓主谓一致是指主语和谓语动词之间,即主语的人称和单复数形式(xíngshì)决定着谓语动词对应的形式(xíngshì)。第二页，共87页。Theboy___diving.They____diving.BothJackandTim___diving.Allofthem____diving.NeitherJacknorTim___walking.isareareisareFinishthefollowingexercises:第三页，共87页。BobBob_____aworker.isMike

MikeandBob_____workers.areBothMikeandBob____workers.areNeitherMikenorBob___ateacher.isBillNeither

ofthem___________(know)howtoteachEnglish.

knows/knowAllofthem______workers.Noneofthem___________(know)howtoteachEnglish.are

knows/know第四页，共87页。主谓一致(yīzhì)主要有以下几种情况：1.and连接两个或两个以上单数名词或者代词(dàicí)作主语的时候,谓语动词有以下两种情况：(1)Heandshe_____bothstudentsofthisschool.

他和她都是这个学校的学生。如果指两个或两个以上不同的人或事物的时候,谓语动词用复数。一、语法一致(yīzhì)原则are第五页，共87页。(2)但如果连接两个以上的名词指的是同一个人或物,或者(huòzhě)指同一概念的时候,谓语要用单数。第六页，共87页。Thesingeranddancer____goingtogiveusaperformance.那个歌唱家兼舞蹈演员要给我们表演(biǎoyǎn)。

Theknifeandfork____onthetable.刀叉在桌子上。

isis第七页，共87页。2.如果主语是不定式,动词ing形式或主语从句的时候,谓语动词一般(yībān)用单数。Whenheiscoming______veryimportant.他什么时候要来看起来很重要。Collectingstamps____hishobby.收集邮票是他的爱好。Toloveher_____nottobreakherwings.爱她就不该折断她自由飞翔的翅膀。seemsisis第八页，共87页。3.定语从句的关系代词who,which,that在从句中作主语时，要与先行(xiānxíng)词的人称和数保持一致。Thosewho______singingmayjoinus.Tom,who___yourfriend,shouldhelpyou.

enjoyis第九页，共87页。4.with,alongwith,togetherwith,aswellas,besides,like,without,except,but,including如果句子中有这些连接词和主语连用(liányòng),谓语动词的数随主语的变化而变化。例如：Theteacher,togetherwithhisstudents,_____plantingtreesinthestreet.老师和他的学生们正在街道上植树。is第十页，共87页。Mr.Black,aswellastwowomen,______attheoffice.isMr.Black

with,togetherwith,alongwith第十一页，共87页。either...or;neither...nor;notonly...butalso,whether...or在句子中连接主语的时候或者在therebe句型(jùxínɡ)中,谓语动词要和就近的主语保持一致。二、就近(jiùjìn)原则NeitheryounorI____wrong.There_____acupofteaandsomeapplesonthetable.amis第十二页，共87页。

Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacher______foraholiday.wishes第十三页，共87页。三、概念一致(yīzhì)原则所谓概念一致原则是指谓语(wèiyǔ)动词和主语一致不是取决于主语的语法形式,而是其实际意义。有的主语名词在形式上是单数,但在意义上却是复数；有的主语名词在形式上是复数,但在意义上却是单数。第十四页，共87页。1.不定代词all,more,some,any,none作主语,谓语(wèiyǔ)动词视情况而定。Alloftheapples____rotten.所有的苹果(píngguǒ)都烂了。Alloftheapple____rotten.整个苹果(píngguǒ)都烂了。

are

is第十五页，共87页。Noneofthemoney_____left.没有(méiyǒu)剩下一点钱。Noneofthestudents_____there.没有(méiyǒu)学生在那里。

is

is第十六页，共87页。None和neither有时(yǒushí)当作单数看待，有时(yǒushí)当作复数看待，主要根据说话人的意思决定。做主语时，谓动可用单数，也可用复数。但在代表不可数名词时常看作单数，因而谓动须用单数。Neither

ofthem___________(know)howtoteachEnglish.Noneofthem___________(know)howtoteachEnglish.

knows/know

knows/know第十七页，共87页。第十八页，共87页。2.therestof;halfof;partof;majorityof;percentof;onethirdof在句子中加名词作主语的时候(shíhou),谓语动词与of后面的名词保持一致。第十九页，共87页。Halfofthestudents_____finishedtheircomposition.一半的学生(xuésheng)已经完成了他们的作文。Halfoftheapple____bad.一半的苹果坏了。About60percentofthestudentsinourschool____boys.我们学校,大约百分之六十的学生(xuésheng)是男生.haveisare第二十页，共87页。3.集合名词作主语,动词可用单数,也可以用复数。主要由句子的意思决定(juédìng)。强调整体谓语动词用单数；指全体人员时,动词则用复数。这一类常见的集合名词有public,family,class,crowd,population,team,group。第二十一页，共87页。Hisfamily____goingout.他们(tāmen)全家要外出。Hisfamily____allmusiclovers.他们(tāmen)全家人都是音乐爱好者。is

are

第二十二页，共87页。4.某些名词如people,police,cattle等,形式上是单数,但意义上是复数(fùshù),谓语动词应用复数(fùshù)。people指“民族”时是例外。Thepolice____searchingforathief.Thecattle____eatinggrassonthehill.areare第二十三页，共87页。5.复合不定代词(dàicí)作主语,谓语动词要用单数，如someone,somebody,something,anybody,anyone,anything,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,noone,nothing。Someone_____askingforyou.有人找你。Nothing_____foundintheroom.在屋子里什么也没找到。isis第二十四页，共87页。6.某些名词如clothes,trousers,shoes,glasses等,通常只用其复数形式,但当它们被apairof修饰时,谓语(wèiyǔ)动词用单数。如:Theshoes_____wornout.鞋子破了。Thepairofshoes_____wornout.这双鞋破了。

areis第二十五页，共87页。名词如trousers,pants,shorts,glasses,scissors以及clothes,goods等做主语，谓动要用复数；但当这类词前有a/thepairof修饰(xiūshì)时，谓动用单数。第二十六页，共87页。某些名词(míngcí)以s结尾如maths,politics,physics,news,plastics等，谓语动词应用单数。物理是一门很有趣的学科。Physicsisaveryinterestingsubject.第二十七页，共87页。8.every...andevery...;each...andeach...;no...andno...在以上短语中and连接(liánjiē)的单数名词,整个短语在句中作主语时,谓语动词常使用单数。Eachmanandeachwoman______askedtoattend.

is第二十八页，共87页。班级中的每个男孩(nánhái)女孩都很用功。听不到任何声音。Everyboyandeverygirlintheclassisdiligent.Nosoundandnovoice

isheard.第二十九页，共87页。9.以anumberof作主语时,谓语(wèiyǔ)动词用复数;以thenumberof作主语时,谓语(wèiyǔ)动词用单数。Anumberofnewbooks_____onthedesk.Thenumberofstudentsinyouclass_____50.

areis第三十页，共87页。10.有些名词的单数和复数形式一样,作主语的时候,其谓语动词由上下文决定(juédìng),这一类名词有:means,works,deer,fish,sheep,Chinese,Japanese等。Noteverymeans____useful.不是每种方法都好使。Notallmeans______useful.不是所有的方法都好使。isare第三十一页，共87页。11.manya,morethanone,oneandahalf与单数名词组成(zǔchénɡ)的短语,谓语用单数。Manyaboy____seenit.许多孩子都看到了。12.书刊名、时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的复数名词作主语时,谓语动词常用单数。Thirtyyears____notalongtime.RootsisafamousAmericannovel.hasis第三十二页，共87页。1.thiskindofbook=abookofthiskind(这种书),其谓语用单数;短语thiskindofmen=menofthiskind=thesekindofmen(口语(kǒuyǔ))(这一类人),但thiskindofmen的谓语用单数,menofthiskind和thesekindofmen的谓语用复数,allkindsof后跟复数名词,谓语用复数形式。例如：应该注意的几个(jǐɡè)问题:第三十三页，共87页。Thiskindofmen____dangerous.Menofthiskind_____dangerous.2.在主谓倒装的句子中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语(zhǔyǔ)一致。例如:Betweenthetwowindows______apicture.isarehangs第三十四页，共87页。3.“分数或百分数+名词”构成(gòuchéng)的短语以及由“alotof,lotsof,plentyof,alargequantityof,aheapof,heapsof,halfof+名词”构成(gòuchéng)的短语作主语时,其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致,这是因为短语中后面的名词是中心词,而短语中前面的量词是修饰语。例如:第三十五页，共87页。Lotsofdamage____causedbyfire.Aboutthree-fourthsoftheearth’ssurface____coveredwithwater.Three-fifthsoftheworkershere___women.和这种情况类似的还有“anumberof+名词复数(fùshù)”。但是,“thenumberof+名词”的中心词却是number。试比较：

wasisare第三十六页，共87页。Anumberofstudents___gonetothecountrysidetohelpwiththeautumnharvest.Thenumberofpagesinthisbook______twohundred.haveis第三十七页，共87页。注意:a(large)quantityof修饰可数或不可数名词,其短语(duǎnyǔ)作主语时,谓语动词用单数。Alargequantityofpeople___neededhere.is第三十八页，共87页。quantitiesof修饰可数或不可数名词,其短语作主语(zhǔyǔ)时,谓语动词一般用复数。例如:Quantitiesoffood(nuts)_____onthetable.短语inquantity,inlargequantities意为“大量”;insmallquantities意为“少量”。were第三十九页，共87页。4.agreatdealof,alargeamountof,修饰(xiūshì)不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数;largeamountsof修饰(xiūshì)不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数。例如:第四十页，共87页。Alargeamountof(Agreatdealof)damage____doneinaveryshorttime.Largeamountsofmoney___spentonthebridge.waswere第四十一页，共87页。5.表示数量的oneandahalf后,名词(míngcí)要用复数形式,但是其短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。例如：Oneandahalfbananas___leftonthetable.is第四十二页，共87页。6.如果主语(zhǔyǔ)由“the+形容词(或过去分词)”结构担任时,谓语通常用复数;这类词有:thebrave,thepoor,therich,theblind,theyoung,theold,thesick,thedead,thedeafanddub,theoppressed,theinjured,thewounded,theunemployed等;但也有少数的过去分词与定冠词连用时指个别,则用单数。例如：第四十三页，共87页。Theblind____inspecialschool.Thedeparted(死者)_____awell-knownengineer.这类形容词或分词如果要表示个体时,就要与名词(míngcí)man,person或表示人的单数连用。例如:anoldman,arichperson,the(a)woundedsoldier.studywas第四十四页，共87页。主谓一致(yīzhì)练习第四十五页，共87页。1.NowTomwithhisclassmates_____footballontheplayground.

A.play B.areplaying

C.plays D.isplaying2.Thirtydollars_____tooexpensive.

A.areB.isC.were D.be√√第四十六页，共87页。3."Ifanybody_____,pleaseputdown_____name,"saidtheteachertothemonitor.

A.wantstobuythebook/his B.wanttobuythebook/their

C.willbuythebook/one's D.wantstohavethebookbought/her4.Nothingbutonedeskandsixchairs_____intheroom.A.are B.isstayed C.is D.areleft√√第四十七页，共87页。5.Betweenthetworoads_____aTVtowercalled"SkyscraperTower".

A.standsB.standing C.whichstands D.stand6.--ShallIwaithereforthreehours?

--Yes.Threehours_____towaitforsuchadoctor.

A.arenotverylongforyou B.isnotlongenoughforyou

C.wasnotlongenoughforyou D.willbetoolongforyou√√第四十八页，共87页。7.Everystudentandeveryteacher_____.

A.aregoingtoattendthemeeting B.haveattendedthemeeting

C.hasattendedthemeeting D.isattendedthemeeting8.Thispairofshoes_____.

A.isher B.ishers

C.arehers D.areher√√第四十九页，共87页。9.Whatweneed______goodtextbooks.A.is B.are C.haveD.has√第五十页，共87页。10._______hasbeendone. A.ninety—ninepercentsofthework B.Halfofwhathepromised C.Two-fifthsofthearticles D.Threequarterofthebusiness

√第五十一页，共87页。SupplementaryExercises第五十二页，共87页。

Multiplechoice:1.Onthewall______twolargeportraits.A.hangsB.hangC.hangedD.hanging2.“Newsofvictories_____pouringinasourarmyadvances,”thecompanycommandersaid.A.keepB.keepsC.keptD.havekept3.There_____alotofmilkinthebottle.A.areB.isC.wereD.has4.Zhang’sfamily____ratherbig,withtwelvepeopleinall.A.isB.areC.beingD.was5.NobodybutJane____thesecret.A.knowB.knowsC.haveknownD.isknown第五十三页，共87页。6.Allbutone_____herejustnow.A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.were7.Alibrarywithfivethousandbooks____tothenationasagift.A.isofferedB.hasofferedC.areofferedD.haveoffered8.NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMary__tiredofhavingoneexamafteranother.A.isB.areC.amD.be9.Thenumberofpeopleinvited____fifty,butanumberofthem____absentfordifferentreasons.A.were;wasB.was;wasC.was;wereD.were;were10.Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactory_____yet.A.isnotdecidedB.arenotdecidedC.hasnotdecidedD.havenotdecided第五十四页，共87页。高考(ɡāokǎo)链接1.Asaresultofdestroyingtheforests,alarge_____ofdesert_____coveredtheland.(上海2001）A.number;has

B.quantity;hasC.number;have

D.quantity;haveB第五十五页，共87页。精析：alargenumberof后面要接复数名词，所以A不能作为答案。因为desert是单数，所以要填has。这句话的意思是“毁坏森林的结果(jiēguǒ)是，大片沙漠覆盖了陆地．”答案B第五十六页，共87页。2.____ofthelandinthatdistrict____coveredwithtreesandgrass.(上海2000)A.Twofifth,is

B.Twofifth,areC.Twofifths,is

D.Twofifths,areC第五十七页，共87页。精析:分数的分子用基数词,分母用序数词表示.如果分子大于1,分母序数词后加-s.分数和百分比作主语时,谓语动词的形式取决于分数和百分数后面的名词.句子(jùzi)中的主语land是单数,所以谓语动词要用iscovered.答案C.第五十八页，共87页。3Eachofthestudents,workinghardathisorherlessons,____togotouniversity.SodoI.（全国(quánɡuó)1998）A.hopesB.hope

C.hopingD.dohopeA第五十九页，共87页。精析：这句话的主语是Eachofthestudents，是单数，所以要hopes选作谓语(wèiyǔ)。现在分词短语workinghardathisorherlessons作状语，表示伴随的情况。有的考生盲目地把lessons当成了主语，填写了hope，发生了错误。本题的译文：每一个努力学习的学生都想上大学。我也是。答案A。第六十页，共87页。4.____peopleintheworldaresendinginformationbye-maileveryday.（上海2001）

A.Severalmillion

B.ManymillionsC.Severalmillions

D.ManymillionA第六十一页，共87页。精析:在million前如果有具体的数字或several等词时，要用单数形式。many一般不与million等词连用.表示“数百万”，英语为millionsof。这句话的意思是“每天，世界(shìjiè)上有几十万人通过e-mail传递信息。”答案A。第六十二页，共87页。5.Thenumberofpeopleinvited______fifty,butanumberofthem_______absentfordifferentreasons.(NMET'96)A.were;was

B.was;wasC.was;were

D.were;wereC第六十三页，共87页。6.Thenumberofstudentsinthisschool_________by5%everyyear.

(MET'92)A.riseB.raiseC.risesD.raises"thenumberof+复数可数名词"作主语，表示"……的数目(数量)"，谓语(wèiyǔ)动词用单数；"anumberof+复数可数名词"作主语，表示"许多……"，谓语(wèiyǔ)动词用复数。C第六十四页，共87页。7.Agooddealofmoney_________spentonbooks.(MET'84)A.haveB.hasC.havebeenD.hasbeenD第六十五页，共87页。9.Alibrarywithfivethousandbooks_________tothenationasagift.(MET'90)A.isofferedB.hasofferedC.areofferedD.haveofferedA第六十六页，共87页。10.E-mail,aswellastelephone,_________animportantpartindailycommunication.(上海'99)A.isplaying

B.haveplayedC.areplaying

D.playA第六十七页，共87页。11.NobodybutJane_________thesecret.(MET'86)A.knowB.knowsC.haveknownD.isknown12.Allbutone_________herejustnow.(MET'87)A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.wereDB第六十八页，共87页。13.Eitheryouortheheadmaster_________theprizetothesegiftedstudentsatthemeeting.(上海'94)A.ishandingoutB.aretohandoutC.arehandingoutD.istohandoutD第六十九页，共87页。14.NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMary_________tiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranother.(MET'87)A.is

B.are

C.am

D.beB第七十页，共87页。15.Sheisoneofthefewgirlswho______inthekindergarten.(上海'94)A.iswellpaid

B.arewellpaidC.ispayingwell

D.arepayingwellB第七十一页，共87页。16.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho_________awinnerofscholarshipforthreeyears.(上海2002春)A.isB.are

C.havebeenD.hasbeenD第七十二页，共87页。17._____ofthelandinthatdistrict____coveredwithtreesandgrass.(上海2000)A.Twofifth;isB.Twofifth;areC.Twofifths;isD.Twofifths;areC"分数或百分数+of+名词"作主语(zhǔyǔ)时,谓语动词的数与名词的数一致。第七十三页，共87页。18.Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactory_________yet.(MET'91)A.isnotdecidedB.arenotdecidedC.hasnotdecidedD.havenotdecidedA动名词、不定式或从句(cónɡjù)作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。第七十四页，共87页。倒装句及therebe句型中，谓语动词往往(wǎngwǎng)与最邻近的一个主语保持一致。19.There______nolifeonthemoon.(MET'92)A.issaidtohaveB.aresaidtohaveC.issaidtobeD.aresaidtobeC第七十五页，共87页。20.Eachofthestudents,workinghardathisorherlessons，_________togotouniversity.(上海'98)A.hopeB.hopesC.hopingD.hopedB"either/neither/each+of+复数(fùshù)名词"作主语，谓语动词用单数。第七十六页，共87页。21.Agroupof_____areeating_____and______atthefootofthehill.(NMET'95)A.sheep;grass;leavesB.sheeps;grasses;leavesC.sheep;grass;leafD.sheeps;grass;leafsA第七十七页，共87页。22.Everypossiblemeans_________topreventairpollution,buttheskyisstillnotclear.(上海2000春)A.isusedB.areusedC.hasbeenusedD.havebeenusedC第七十八页，共87页。单复数同形的名词作主语时，依照意义一致的原则，表示单数意义时，谓语(wèiyǔ)用单数；反之，谓语(wèiyǔ)用复数形式。这类名词有：sheep,deer,means(方法、手段),works(工厂),species(种类)第七十九页，共87页。过关落实1.Asurveyoftheopinionsofexperts______thatthreehoursofoutdoorexerciseaweek________goodforone’shealth.A.show；areB.shows；isC.show；isD.shows；are解析(jiěxī)：“asurvey”作主语，谓语动词用单数；表时间，距离，金钱的可数名词复数作主语，谓语动词也用单数。答案：B2.Welivedaybyday，butinthegreatthings，thetimeofdaysandweeks________sosmallthatadayisunimportant.A.isB.areC.hasbeenD.havebeen解析(jiěxī)：主语是“thetime”，故谓语动词用单数。答案：A第八十页，共87页。3.Thecompanyhadabout20notebookcomputersbutonlyone­third________usedregularly.Nowwehave60workingalldaylong.A.isB.areC.wasD.were解析：此处one­third指onethirdof20notebookcomputers，故为复数；与now相对，用过去时。答案：D4.MostofwhathasbeensaidabouttheSmiths________alsotrueoftheJohnsons.A.areB.isC.beingD.tobe解析：主语为“大部分对Smith夫妇的说法(shuōfǎ)”，看成单数，谓语动词用is。答案：B第八十一页，共87页。5.Apoetandartist________comingtospeaktousaboutChineseliteratureandpaintingtomorrowafternoon.A.isB.areC.wasD.were解析：apoetandartist指一个人，既是诗人，也是艺术家。答案：A6.Thefatheraswellashisthreechildren________skatingonthefrozenrivereverySundayafternooninwinter.A.isgoingB.goC.goesD.aregoing解析：主语仍为thefather，单数形式；aswellashisthreechildren作句子(jùzi)的状语，不影响谓语动词的单复数。答案：C第八十二页，共87页。7.________ofthelandinthatdistrict________coveredwithtreesandgrass.A.Twofifth；isB.Twofifth；areC.Twofifths；isD.Twofifths；are解析：表示分数时，分子大于一，分母(序数词形式)加s；主语为land，不可数，故谓语动词用单数。答案：C8.Everypossiblemeans________topreventtheairpollution，buttheskyisstillnotclear.A.isused