2015年普通高等学校全国统一考试卷

2015年普通高等学校招生统一考试（卷英语言知识及应用（共两节，满分45分第一节完形填空（15230分Howlongcanhumanbeingslive?Mostscientistswhostudyoldagethinkthatthehumanbodyis1tolivenolongerthan120years．However,110yearsisprobablythelongestthatanyonecouldhopetolive—ifheorsheis2healthyandlucky．Somescientistsevensaywecanliveaslongas130years！Yet,ourcellssimplycannotcontinuetoreproduce3．Theywearout,andasaresult,wegetoldand4die．Eventhoughwecan’tliveforever,wearelivinga5lifethaneverbefore．In1900,theaverageAmericanlifespan（）wasonly47years,buttodayitis75years！Whendoesoldagebeginthen?Sixty-fivemaybeout-of-dateasthe6linebetweenmiddleageandoldage．Afterall,manyolderpeopledon’tbegintoexperiencephysicalandmental untilafteragePeoplearelivinglongerbecausemorepeople8childhood．Beforemodernmedicinechangedthelawsofnature,manychildrendiedofcommonchildhood9．Nowthatthechancesofdying10aremuchlower,thechancesoflivinglongaremuchhigherduetobetterdietsandhealthcare．Onthewhole,ourpopulationisgettingolder．The11inourpopulationwillhaveeffectsonoursocialdevelopmentandourwayoflife．Somepeoplefearsuchchangeswillbefortheworse,whilesomesee12,notdisaster．Today,manymenandwomenintheir“goldenyears”arehealthy,stillactive,andyoungin13ifnotinage．Asoursocietygrowsold,weneedthe14ofouroldercitizens．Withlonglivesofthem,theyneedactiveandbe 笫二节语法填空（101．515分Mr．Johnsonlivedinthewoodswithhiswifeandchildren．Heowned16farm,whichlookedalmostabandoned．17(lucky),healsohadacowwhichproducedmilkeveryday．Hesoldorexchangedsomeofthemilkinthetownsnearby18otherfoodandmadecheeseandbutterforthefamilywithwhat19(leave)．Thecowwastheironlymeansofsupport,infact．Oneday,thecowwaseatinggrass20itbegantorainheavily．Whilemakinggreateffortstorunaway,she21(fall)overthehillanddied．ThentheJohnsonshadtomakealivingthecow．Inordertosupporthisfamily,Mr．Johnsonbegantoplantherbsandtheplantstookawhiletogrow,hestartedcuttingdowntrees23(sell)thewood．Thinkingabouthischildren’sclothes,hestartedgrowingcottontoo．Whenharvestcamearound,hewasalreadysellingherbs,vegetablesandcottoninthemarket24peoplefromthetownsmetregularly．Nowitoccurredto25thathisfarmhadmuchpotentialandthatthedeathofthecowwasabitofluck．阅读（共两节，满分50分第一节阅读理解（20240分阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和DAPeterlovedtoshopusedarticles．Almostamonthago,heboughtapopularwordgamethatusedlittlepiecesofwoodwithdifferentlettersonthem．Ashewaspurchasingit,thesalesgirlsaid,“Oh,look,thegameboxhasn’tevenbeenopenedyet．Thatmightbeworthsomemoney”Peterexaminedtheboxand,sureenough,itwascompleycoveredinfactory-sealedplastic．Andhesawadateof1973onthebackofthebox．“Youshouldputthatupforauction（拍卖）ontheInternet,andseewhatsalesgirlagreed“Iverymanyunopenedboxesofthisgamestillaround40yearslater”“Don’tforgettolmeifyousellit,”thesalesgirlsd．“Noproblem,”Petersaid．Afterhegothome,Peterwentonlinetoseveralauctionwebsiteslookingforhisgame．Buthecouldn’tfindit．ThenhetypedinthenameofthewordgameandhitSearch．Thesearchresultwas543websitescontaininginformationaboutthechangesofthegame．Overtheyears,thegamesomelistsofgamefanslookingforvariousversionsofthegame．Peteredsomeofthem,lingthemwhatheTwoweekslater,Peterwentbacktothe“o．DoyoustillremembertheunopenedwordThesalesgirllookedathimforasecond,thenrecognizedhimandsaid,“Oh,“I’vegotsomethingforyou,”Petersaid“Isoldthegameandmade$1,000．Thankyouforyoursuggestion”Hehandedherthree$100bills．out“Thankit”WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesPeter’swordItwasmadearound40yearsIthadgameboardsindifferentItwaskeptinaplasticbagwithaIthadlittlepiecesofwoodindifferentWhatdidthesalesgirlprobablythinkofPeter’swordOldand B．RareandC．Classicand D．ColorfulandPetergotthenamesofthegamefans an B．theC．agame D．thesecond-handWhathappenedattheendofthePetergavethegirl$300asaThesalesgirlbecamePeter’sPeterreturnedthewordgamefor$ThesalesgirlfeltconfusedtoseePeteragain．30．Whatisthemainthemeofthestory?It’simportanttokeepaIt’sgreattoshareinotherpeople’sWeshouldbegratefulforthehelpfromothers．D．Somethingrareisworthalargeamountofmoney．BWhenIwasnineyearsold,Ilovedtogofishingwithmydad．Buttheonlythingthatwasn’tveryfunaboutitwasthathecouldcatchmanyfishwhileIcouldn’tcatchanything．Iusuallygotprettyupsetandkeptaskinghimwhy．Healwaysanswered,“Son,ifyouwanttocatchafish,youhavetothinklikeafish”Irememberbeingevenmoreupsetthenbecause,“I’mnotafish”Ididn’tknowhowtothinklikeafish．Besides,Ireasoned,howcouldwhatIthinkinfluencewhatafishdoes?AsIgotalittleolderIbegantounderstandwhatmydadreallymeant．So,Ireadsomebooksonfish．AndIevenjoinedthelocalfishingclubandstartedattendingthemonthlymeetings．Iiswhyfishprefershallowwatertodeepwaterbecausetheformeriswarmer．Besides,waterisusuallywarmerindirectsunlightthanintheshade．Yetfishdon’thaveanyeyelids（眼皮）andeyesThecatchingthem．WhenIgrewupandenteredthebusinessworld,Irememberhearingmyfirstbosssay“eallneedtothinklikesalespeopleButitdidn’tcompleymakesense．Mydadneveroncesaid,“lfyouwanttocatchafishyouneedtothinklikeafisherman”Whathesaidwas,“Youneedtofish”earsandricherthanme,Igraduallylearnedwhatweallneedistothinkmorelikecustomers．Itisnotaneasyjob．Iwillshowyouhowinthefollowingchapters．WhywastheauthorupsetinthefishingtripswhenhewasHecouldnotcatchaB．Hisfatherwasnotpatientwithhim．C．HisfatherdidnotteachhimHecouldnotinfluenceafishashisfatherWhatdidtheauthor’sfatherreallyToreadaboutTolearnfishingbyTounderstandwhatfishTostudyfishinginmanyAccordingtotheauthor,fisharemostlikelytobe indeepwateronsunnyindeepwateroncloudyinshallowwaterunderinshallowwaterunderwatersideAfterenteringthebusinessworld,theauthor iteasytothinklikeahisfather’sfishingadvicehisfirstboss’ssalesideasitdifficulttosellservicestopoorThispassagemostlikelycomes A．afishing B．apopularsalesC．anovelon D．amillionaire’sCDanielAnderson,afamouspsychologist,believesit’simportantto influencesonchildrenfromthoseofthefamily．WetendtoblameTV,hesays,forproblemsitdoesn’treallycause,overlookingourownrolesinshachildren’sminds．Onetraditionalbeliefaboutevisionisthatitreducesachild’sabilitytothinkandtounderstandtheworld．WhilewatchingTV,childrendonotmerelyabsorbwordsandimages（影．Instead,understandfarmorewhenparentswatchTVwiththemexplainingnewwordsandideas．YetmostparentsuseaneducationalprogramasachancetoparktheirkidsinfrontofthesetanddosomethinginanotherAnotherargumentagainstevisionisthatitreplacesreadingasaformofentertainment．ButaccordingtoAnderson,theamountoftimespentwatchingevisionisnotrelatedtoreadingability．TVdoesn’ttaketheplaceofreadingformostchildren;ittakestheplaceofsimilarsortsofrecreation,suchaslisteningtotheradioandplayingsports．Thingslikeparents’educationalbackgroundhaveastrongerinfluenceonachild’sreading“Achild’sreadingabilityisbestpredictedbyhowmuchaparentreads,”Andersonsays．Traditionalwisdomalsohasitthatheavyevision-watchinglowersIQ（智商）scoresandaffectsschoolperformance．Buthere,too,Andersonnotesthatnostudieshaveprovedit．Infact,researchsuggeststhatit’stheotherwayaroundIfyou’resmartyoung,you’llwatchlessTVForyearsresearchershaveattemptedtoshowthatevisionisdangeroustochildren．However,byshowingthatevisionpromotesnoneofthedangerouseffectsasconventionallybelieved,Andersonsuggeststhatevisioncannotbecondemnedwithoutconsideringotherinfluences．BywatchingTV,children imagesthroughmorethanexplicitmoreaboutimagesthanlittleaboutpeople’sAneducationalprogramisbestwatchedbyachild A．onhis B．withotherC．withhis D．withhisWhichofthefollowingismostrelatedtochildren’sreadingParents’readingParents’educationalbackground．39．Andersonbelievesthat themoreachildwatchesTV,thesmarterhetheyoungerachildis,themorehewatchesthesmarterachildis,thelesslikelyhegetsaddictedtothelessachildwatchesTV,thebetterheperformsatschool40．Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?ToadviseontheeducationaluseofTodescribeTV’sharmfuleffectsonToexplaintraditionalviewsonTVDItwasoncecommontoregardBritainasasocietywithclassdistinction．EachclasshaduniqueInrecentyears,manywritershavebeguntospeakofthe‘declineofclass’,and‘classlesssociety’inBritain．Andinmoderndayconsumersocietyeveryoneisconsideredtobemiddleclass．found90percentofpeoplestillplacingthemselvesinaparticularclass;73percentagreedthatclasswasstillavitalpartofBritishsociety;and52percentthoughttherewerestillsharpclassdifferences．Thus,classmaynotbeculturallyandpoliticallyobvious,yetitremainsanimportantpartofBritishsociety．BritainseemstohavealoveofOneunchangingaspectofaBritish ’sclasspositionisaccent．Thewordsa lherorhisclass．AstudyofBritishaccentsduringthe1970sfoundthatavoicesoundingaBBCnewsreaderwasviewedasthemostattractivevoice．MostpeoplesaidthisaccentsoundedofBritishaccentsintheUSturnedtheseresultsupsidedownandplacedsomeregionalaccentsasthemostattractiveandBBCEnglishastheleast．ThissuggeststhatBritishattitudestowardsaccenthavedeeprootsandarebasedonclassprejudice．Inrecentyears,however,younguppermiddle-classpeopleinLondon,havebeguntoadoptsomeregionalaccents,inordertohidetheirclassorigins．Thisisanindicationofclass unnoticed．However,the1995popsong‘CommonPeople’putsforwardtheviewthatthougha may‘wanttolivelikecommonpeople’theycanneverappreciatetherealityofaworking-classlife．41．Arecentstudyofpublicopinionshowsthatinmodern itistimetoendclassmostpeoplebelongtomiddleitiseasytorecognize peopleregardthemselvessociallyThewordstratificationinParagraph3isclosestinmeaningto ThestudyintheUSshowedthatBBCEnglishwasregardedas Britishattitudestowards havealongarebasedonregionalaresharedbythehavechangedinrecentWhatisthemainideaofthepassage?A．Themiddleclassisexpanding． ’saccentreflectshisC．ClassisakeypartofBritishD．Eachclasshasunique第二节信息匹配（5210分）EdwardLeonardoNorton,connoisseurofChineseandJapaneseantiques．HehasastronginterestinclassicalChineseliteraryworks．HeevenstartsgoingtoeveningclassestolearnclassicalChineseatColumbiaUniversity．somehistorybooksonhowthefirstgroupofChineseimmigrantssurvivedinAmericaofthe19thcentury,shehas ekeenonherownfamilyhistoryandthatofothers．hasdrawnhertohisworld,sosheisnowcrazyaboutclassicalmusicandwillnotmissanychancetoattendaconcertwithherhusband．MiceHiggins,eminentphotographerandcolumnistforquiteafewinternationally-travelmagazines．Recently,shehasshowngreatinterestinp