初中英语语法-形容词、副词教学文稿

形容词、副词(fùcí)初中(chūzhōng)英语语法稻田(dàotián)一中李培军第一页，共56页。形容词是修饰名词或代词，说明事物或人的性质(xìngzhì)或特征的词。例如：long,empty,cheap,hungry,etc.什么(shénme)叫形容词?形容词在句中作定语(dìngyǔ)、表语、宾语补足语等成分．形容词第二页，共56页。形容词的用法(yònɡfǎ)第三页，共56页。1.Heisagoodstudent.2.Sheisabeautifulgirl.3.Ihaveacleverpetdog.形容词作定语(dìngyǔ)1)单个形容词修饰(xiūshì)名词或代词时顺序：直接放名词或代词前面第四页，共56页。2)多个(duōɡè)形容词做定语时的排列顺序：口诀:冠代数形大,新色国材名注释：冠----冠词；代----代词；数----数词；形----形状、性质；大----大小、长短；新----新旧;色----颜色；国----国家、产地；材----材料、用途；名-----名词anoldbigbrownwoodenbox一个旧而大的棕色木箱子twotallyoungJapanesegirls两位高个、年轻的日本姑娘第五页，共56页。例题(lìtí)1)Tonyisgoingcampingwith___boys.A.littletwootherB.twolittleotherC.twootherlittleD.littleothertwo

2)Onedaytheycrossedthe____bridgebehindthepalace.

A.oldChinesestoneB.ChineseoldstoneC.oldstoneChineseD.Chinesestoneold

答案点拨：C由"限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色)--性质--名词(míngcí)"的公式可知数词，描绘词，性质依次顺序，只有C符合答案。答案点拨:A.几个形容词修饰一个名词，他们的排列顺序是：年龄，形状，大小(dàxiǎo)+颜色+来源+质地+用途+国家+名词。

第六页，共56页。当形容词修饰由something/somebody,anything/anybody,nothing/nobody,everything/everybody等不定代词(dàicí)时,形容词要放在这些不定代词(dàicí)的之后.1.Isthereanythinginterestingintoday’snewspaper?2.Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.3.)修饰不定代词(dàicí)时常后置“不+形”第七页，共56页。1.Samishungry,he’dliketoeat____delicious.A.someB.anyC.somethingD.somewhere2.Don’tworry.Thereis____aboutyourillness.A.serioussomethingB.anythingseriousC.nothingseriousD.something3.Thereis____intoday’snewspaper.It’sboring.A.somethingnewB.interestingnewC.nothingnewD.newnothing4.--Whocanhelpus?--___.we’lldoitourselvesA.EveryoneelseB.ElseeveryoneC.NobodyelseD.Elsenobody要点：不定(bùdìng)代词修饰形容词，位置为“不形”CCCC第八页，共56页。Thetreesturngreeninspring.Wearealoneontheisland.只能(zhīnénɡ)作表语，不能作定语的形容词。你能说出几个？aloneafraidawakeasleepaliveable形容词作表语(biǎoyǔ)第九页，共56页。所谓表语形容词即指只用于连系动词(dòngcí)后作表语，而不能用于名词前作定语的形容词。这类形容词常见的有：

某些以a-开头的形容词：

afraid害怕的alive活着的alone单独的asleep睡着的awake醒着的Don’tbeafraid.别怕。

Nowthebabyisasleep.现在孩子睡着了。

Hewasaloneinthehouse.他独自一人在家里。

第十页，共56页。1.Shewas_____________(luck)tolosehermoneywhenshewentshoppinglastweekend.[04西宁]2.Thiskindofskirtlooks______andsells______.[04天津(tiānjīn)]A.nice;wellB.nice;goodC.well;wellD.good;niceunluckyA3.—WhatdoyouthinkofthestorywrittenbyMarkTwain?—Itis______.Ilikeit.[04昆明(kūnmínɡ)]A.boringB.boredC.interestedD.interestingD4.Youranswersounds_____.A.correctB.correctlyC.correctnessD.correcting5.Theywatchedamovieandfeltquite_____.A.sadB.sadlyC.sadnessD.sadyAA第十一页，共56页。某些动词如make，paint，keep，find，like，want等后接名词或代词作宾语，再接形容词作宾语补足语，补充说明宾语的状态、特征等。形容词和宾语一起(yīqǐ)构成复合宾语．有的已构成固定词组。形容词作宾语(bīnyǔ)补足语1.Hemadeushappy.2.Youmustkeeptheclassroomclean．你应保持(bǎochí)教室清洁。第十二页，共56页。形容词的构成(gòuchéng)第十三页，共56页。形容词的构成(gòuchéng)forget—forgetfulhelp—helpfulwonder—wonderfuluse—usefulcare—carefulbeauty—beautifulthank－thankfulcolour----colourful1、+ful2、＋edexcite—excitedworry—worried

surprise—surprisedclose—closedinterest—interestedfrighten—frightened第十四页，共56页。3、+inginterest—interestingexcite—exciting

surprise—surprisingfollow—followingsun—sunnysnow—snowywind—windyrain-rainycloud—cloudyhealth—healthy4、+y所有(suǒyǒu)表示天气状况的的形容词第十五页，共56页。wool-woolenwood--wooden5、+en6、+ern(东西南北(dōngxīnánběi))east--easternwest--westernsouth-southernnorth--northernfriendly,daily,weekly,sillylively,lonely,lovely7.由“名词(míngcí)+ly”构成第十六页，共56页。8.复合(fùhé)形容词aneight-year-oldboy一个八岁的男孩(nánhái)一段10分钟的步行(bùxíng)路程aten-minutewalkatenminutes’walk放七天假haveaseven-dayholidayhaveasevendays’holidayhavesevendaysoff第十七页，共56页。形容词的比较级和最高级构成(gòuchéng)和用法第十八页，共56页。形容词的比较(bǐjiào)等级构成，有三个等级：①原级；②比较(bǐjiào)级；③最高级。第十九页，共56页。形容词的比较级和最高级构成(gòuchéng)规则(guīzé)变化第二十页，共56页。词尾变化原级比较级最高级单音节词在词尾加-er(比较级)或-est(最高级)以字母e接尾的词加-r或-sttallhardlargewide以重读闭音节结尾的词末尾只有一个辅音字母应双写辅音字母再加er或estbighotthinfatwet以辅音字母+y结尾的词变为i再加-er,或-esthappydryearly

narrowclever多音节词和多数双音节词在其前面加more和mostdifficultpopularslowlytallerharderlargerwidertallesthardestlargestwidestbiggerhotterfatterwetterbiggesthottestfattestwettesthappierdrierearlierhappiestdriestearliestnarrowercleverernarrowestcleverestmoredifficultmorepopularmoreslowlymostdifficultmostpopularmostslowly少数以-er,-ow结尾(jiéwěi)的双音节词可加-er或-est第二十一页，共56页。原级goodwellbadillmanymuchlittlefarold比较级最高级betterbestworseworstlessmoremostfarther/furtherolder/elderleastfarthest/furthestoldest/eldest不规则变化(biànhuà)第二十二页，共56页。注意：在含有形容词的比较级句子中，对两个相比较的内容为了避免重复(chóngfù)，我们常常用that,those来代替前面的词。例如：TheweatherinBeijingiscolderthanthatinGuangdong.Thewindowsofourclassroomarecleanerthanthoseoftheirs.第二十三页，共56页。形容词原级的常用(chánɡyònɡ)句型TomisastallasMike.

1、as+形容词原形(yuánxíng)+asThereareasmanystudentsinourschoolasyours.

否定notas+形容词原形+as“和…不一样(yīyàng)”或notso+形容词原形+as“不及／不如…TomisnotastallasMike.第二十四页，共56页。Thistruckisbigenoughtocarry5tons.

2、so+形容词原级+that丛句such+名词(míngcí)＋that丛句Heissobigthathecan’tentertheroomby

thedoor.3、…too+原级+todosth.Heistooyoungtojointhearmy.

4、形容词原级+enoughtodosth.

第二十五页，共56页。1、两者之间的比较，句中有明显的标志词thanTomistallerthanJohn2、Which/Whois+比较级,AorB?Whichiseasier,mathsorEnglish?3、能修饰比较级的副词(fùcí)及短语：much(…的多)、alot(…的多)、even(更…)、still（更…）、abit/alittle(…一点儿)ThiscityismuchmorebeautifulthanthatoneTodayisevenhotterthanyesterday.形容词比较级的常用(chánɡyònɡ)句型注意：very不能修饰(xiūshì)比较级。More可构成比较级，但不能修饰(xiūshì)比较级第二十六页，共56页。4、…isthe+比较级+ofthetwo.Tomisthetallerofthetwoboys.5、…数量(shùliàng)+比较级than…Heisthreeyearsolderthanhisbrother.6、比较级+and+比较级，“越来越…”Nowitishotterandhotter.现在越来越热7、The+比较级…，the+比较级…“越…，就越…”Themore,thebetter.越多越好。Themoreyoueat,thefatteryouwillbecome.你吃得越多，你就越容易变胖第二十七页，共56页。1.…oneofthe+最高级+名词(míngcí)复数形容词最高级的常用(chánɡyònɡ)句型2.…最高级+of(in)…(三者及以上(yǐshàng)范围的)3.Thisis/wasthe最高级+名词+that定语从句LuXunisoneofthegreatestwriterslastcentury.

ThisistheworstfilmthatIhaveseentheseyears.

Ofallthemoviestars,IthinkZhangZiyiisthebest.

第二十八页，共56页。5.、the+序数词+最高级+名词(míngcí)+in/ofTheYellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverinChina4、Which/Whoisthe+最高级,A,BorC?Whichisthebiggest,themoon,theearthorthesun?注意(zhùyì)：用the+形容词最高级形式+in接单数名词用the+形容词最高级形式+of接复数名词或表示复数的代词。Whoisthetallestintheclass?Whoisthetallestofthestudents。第二十九页，共56页。使用(shǐyòng)形容词比较级时1、可用“比较级形式+thananyother+单数名词(míngcí)来表达最高级的意思Heistallerthananyotherstudentintheschool。注意(zhùyì)2.形容词比较级前一般不加the。但可用the+比较级形式+ofthetwo…来表达两者之间的比较。Heisthebetterofthetwo.Ofthetwojobs，hechosetheharder.Marywasthemorebeautifulofthetwo.OfthetwoboysMikeisthetallerone.第三十页，共56页。注意区别下列两个句子(jùzi)：加拿大和澳大利亚，哪个国家更大?Whichisthelargercountry,CanadaorAustralian?Whichislarger,CanadaorAustralian?注意(zhùyì)第三十一页，共56页。使用(shǐyòng)形容词最高级时1.可用“oneof+the最高级形式+名词(míngcí)复数”表示“是最……之一者。oneofthemostbeautifulcitiesisshanghai上海是最美的城市之一。注意(zhùyì)：2.最高级前可以有序数词来修饰。Whichisthefirstmostusefulinvention?哪一个是第一个最有用途的发明？3.如果形容词最高级前有物主代词，指示代词，名词所有格时，则不必加定冠词the。Yesterdaywasmybusiestday.昨天是我最忙碌的一天。第三十二页，共56页。用来修饰动词、形容词、其它副词、全句或名词词组(cízǔ)及句子的词。什么(shénme)叫副词?very,early,out,soon,quickly,等等(děnɡděnɡ).副词第三十三页，共56页。副词根据所表达的不同意义可将其分为以下(yǐxià)几种：1、时间和频度副词：now,then,often,always,early,today,already,soon,ago,yesterday等.2、地点副词：here,there,everywhere,out,in,home,upstairs,above,below,inside等.3、方式副词：carefully,politely,fast,well,extremely,等.4、程度副词：much,little,very,rather,too,rather,almost,so等.5、疑问副词：how,where,when,why（放在特殊疑问句前）副词(fùcí)的种类6、关系副词：when,where,why（通常引导宾语(bīnyǔ)从句）7、连接副词：how,when,where,why,whether（通常引导定语从句）第三十四页，共56页。副词(fùcí)的比较等级构成和用法1、副词(fùcí)的比较等级构成。有三个等级：①原级；②比较级；③最高级。单音节词和少数双音节词构成方法原级比较级最高级一般在词尾加-er或-estfasthardlongsoonfasterharderlongersoonerfastesthardestlongestsoonest以字母e结尾的副词，加-r或-stlatelaterlatest以“辅音字母+y”结尾的副词，先把y变为i，再加-er或-estearlyearlierearliest第三十五页，共56页。2、不规则变化(biànhuà)原级比较级最高级wellbadlymuchlittlefarbetterworsemorelessfarther较远(表示距离)further较远，进一步(表示程度)bestworstmostleastfarthestfurthest第三十六页，共56页。副词(fùcí)的比较级和最高级的构成和形容词的比较级和最高级的构成基本相同.形容词的最高级前要用定冠词the,副词(fùcí)的最高级前可用可不用定冠词the.注意(zhùyì)：MountQomolangmaisthehighestintheworld.Jimjumped(the)highestoftheall.fast-faster-fastestslowly-moreslowly–mostslowly第三十七页，共56页。注意：1、副词very可以(kěyǐ)修饰形容词、副词，但不能修饰动词。例如：Thisflowerisverybeautiful.IlikeEnglishverymuch.(但不能说：IverylikeEnglish.)2、enough作副词时，用在形容词、副词之后；enough用作形容词时，放在名词前或后都可以(kěyǐ)。例如：Heisstrongenoughtolifttheheavybox.Themanhasgotenoughmoney(or:moneyenough)tobuyacar.中考英语专项复习(fùxí)形容词和副词第三十八页，共56页。3、频度(píndù)副词的比例表：always——100%,usually——80%,often——70%~60%,sometimes,attimes——30%~40%,seldom,hardlyever——5%,never——0%4、quite/rathera+形容词+名词(míngcí)a+very+形容词+名词(míngcí)一个相当不错的女孩quite/ratheragoodgirlaverygoodgirl第三十九页，共56页。5、good&wellgood(形容词)well(副词)只有(zhǐyǒu)表身体好才用作形容词6、…thananyother+单数(dānshù)，比较级表最高级的意思Davidjumpshighestinourclass.=Davidjumpshigherthananyotherstudentinourclass.ThepopulationofChinaislargerthananyothercoutryintheworld.=ThepopulationofChinaisthelargestintheworld.第四十页，共56页。7、the+比较级…，the+比较级…表“越…就越…”Themoreyoustudy,themoreyouknow.你学得越多，就懂得(dǒngde)越多你读得越多，你的英语就会越好。________________youread,________yourEnglishwillbe.8、比较级+and+同一比较级,表“越来越…”越来越重越来越热越来越重要heavierandheavierhotterandhottermoreandmoreimportantThemorethebetter第四十一页，共56页。形容词变副词(fùcí)1、一般(yībān)加-lycareful--slow--2、辅音字母(zìmǔ)加-y结尾，变y为i再加-lyhappily注意：名词+ly，构成形容词，不是副词！weekly,monthly,friendlycarefullyslowlyhappy--heavy--heavily3、以e结尾的形容词：

true-trulyterrible-terribly

possibe--

possibly,

comfortabe-comfortably

wide–

widelypolite-politelyshy-shyly第四十二页，共56页。注意(zhùyì)：下列词既是形容词也是副词early–earlylate-latehigh–highhard-hardwell–wellfar–farfast–fastdeep–deephardly，几乎不lately最近，近来（现在完成时态(shítài)标志）highly高度地,赞许地speakhighlyof高度评价

deep与deeply区别：deep意思(yìsī)是"深"，表示空间深度；deeply时常表示感情上的深度，"深深地"

第四十三页，共56页。练习(liànxí)巩固第四十四页，共56页。1.Whata_____cough!Youseem___ill.A.terrible,terriblyB.terribly,terribleC.terrible,terribleD.terribly,terribly2.Thecarisrunning____.Itseemstobeflying.A.moreandfasterB.moreandfastC.fastandfastD.fasterandfaster3.Ifeeleven____now.A.badB.wellC.worseD.worst4.Shewasveryhappy.Sheran___ofalltherunners.A.fastestB.thequickestC.slowestD.quicklyADCA第四十五页，共56页。5.Keepquiet,please.It's___noisyhere.A.manytooB.toomanyC.muchtooD.toomuch6.—Haveyou__spokentoaforeigner?—No,____.A.already,neverB.ever,neverC.yet,alreadyD.ever,ever7.Heistallerthan_______inhisclass.A.anyboyB.anyboysC.anyotherboyD.someotherboyCBC第四十六页，共56页。8.I'llgoandvisityou______nextweek.A.sometimeB.sometimesC.sometimeD.sometime9.--Whatwastheweatherlikeyesterday?--Itwasverybad.Itrained___.Peoplecould____goout.A.hard,hardB.hardly，hardC.hardly,hardlyD.hard，hardly10.Englishisas______asChinese.Youshouldlearnitwell.A.importantB.moreimportantC.themostimportantD.muchmoreimportantCDA第四十七页，共56页。11.Musicisnotsousefulasscience.It's_____usefulthanscience.A.fewerB.lessC.moreD.alot12.Helooks______.A.goodB.wellC.happilyD.worriedly13.We'veneverheardof___storybefore.A.suchastrangeB.suchstrangeC.soastrangeD.sostrange14.Youmustwearglasses.Theycankeepyoureyes___A.softB.safeC.safelyD.safety15.Wouldyoupleasespeak___?Istillcan'tfollowyou.A.slowB.muchslowC.muchslowlyD.moreslowlyBBABD第四十八页，共56页。16.--Ischemistrymoredifficultthanphyscis?--No,chemistryisn’tas___asPhyscis.A.easyB.difficultC.easierD.moredifficult17.Inthispartofthecountry,wateris___oil.A.sodearasB.asdearasC.dearasD.sodear18.Thebreadis____thanthesecakes.A.verydeliciousB.muchdeliciousC.moredeliciousD.asdeliciousCBB19.Inourcityit’s____inJuly,butitiseven___inAugust.A.hotter;hottestB.hot;hotC.hotter;hotD.hot;hotterD第四十九页，共56页。20.--Didyouloveyourdaytrip?(10’南京(nánjīnɡ))--Yes,weenjoyedtherollercoaster___ofall.A.mostB.littleC.needD.less21.Thoughhisgrandmotherlives___,sheneverfeels____.(10’无锡)A.alone,aloneB.lonely,lonelyC.alone,lonelyD.lonely,alone22.ThedoctorsinORBIShavedone____animportantjob___thepatientsareallgratefultothem.A.too,toB.so,thatC.such,thatD.as,asABC第五十页，共56页。23.Mum!Thefishtastes___!CouldIhavesomemore?(10’南通)A.terribleB.wonderfulC.terriblyD.wonderfully24.Asthesportsmeeting,Simonjumpedas____asDaniel.(10’淮安)A.highB.higherC.slowD.slower25.Mr.Brownalwaysmakeshisclass___andkeepshisstudents___inclass.(10’镇江)A.alive,interestingB.lively,interestingC.alive,interestedD.lively,interestedBAD第五十一页，共56页。1.TheYellowRiveristhesecond________(long)riverinChina.2.ZhaoLeiisoneof_______________(young)boysinhisschool.3.Whichis___________(big),thesun,theearthorthemoon?longesttheyoungestthebiggest用所给词的适当形式(xíngshì)填空.4.Maryhasthreebrothers.Smithis___________(tall)ofthethree.thetallest5.MountQomolangmais__________(hig