高中英语人教版Unit1Art unit1sectionⅳ

SectionⅣGrammar&Writing虚拟语气(Ⅰ)阅读下列句子，并体会黑体部分的用法1．Iftherulesofperspectivehadnotbeendiscovered，noonewouldhavebeenabletopaintsuchrealisticpictures.2．Withoutthenewpaintsandthenewtechnique，wewouldnotbeabletoseethemanygreatmasterpiecesforwhichthisperiodisfamous.3．Therearescoresofmodernartstyles，butwithouttheImpressionists，manyofthesepaintingstylesmightnotexist.一、语气的分类语气是动词的一种形式，表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法或态度。英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气三类。1．陈述语气表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。Therearetwosidestoeveryquestion.每个问题都有两面性。2．祈使语气表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。Pleaselendmeyourdictionary.请把你的字典借给我用一下。3．虚拟语气用来表示所说的不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种假设、愿望或建议等。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。IfIwereabird，Icouldflyintheair.如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。二、条件句中的虚拟语气虚拟条件句分为三类：与现在事实相反的情况；与过去事实相反的情况；与将来事实相反的情况。构成如下：假设情况条件从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式与现在事实相反过去式(be的过去式常用were)would/should/might/could＋动词原形与将来事实相反①过去式②should＋动词原形③wereto＋动词原形would/should/might/could＋动词原形与过去事实相反过去完成式(had＋过去分词)would/should/might/could＋have＋过去分词Ifhehadtimenow，hewould(could，might)gowithyou.要是他现在有时间，他会和你一起去的。(与现在事实相反)Ifyouhadcomeafewminutesearlier，youwould(could，might)havemetthefamoussinger.如果你早来几分钟，你就会见到那个著名歌手了。(与过去事实相反)Ifitweretosnowthisevening，theywouldnotgoout.如果今天晚上下雪，他们就不会出去。(与将来事实相反)三、几种特殊的虚拟条件从句1．省略if形式的虚拟语气在if虚拟条件句中，若省略if，则将should，were，had前置，构成主谓倒装句式。HadIworkedharder，Iwouldhavesucceeded.如果我当时努力学习的话，我就会成功的。Wereshemydaughter(Shouldshebemydaughter)，Iwouldn'tallowhertostudyabroad.如果她是我的女儿的话，我就不让她出国学习了。2．混合虚拟语气若主句和从句所表示的时间不一致，就构成了混合虚拟语气或错综虚拟语气，此时，主句和从句的时态形式根据实际的时间概念来定。Ifshehadfollowedthedoctor'swords，shewouldfeelbetternow.如果当初她听从了医生的建议，现在就会好多了。3．含蓄虚拟语气有时候假设的条件不是通过条件从句表达，而是隐含在某些介词短语中，如without...，连词butfor，otherwise，or等中。Withoutmusic(＝Iftherewerenomusic)，theworldwouldbedull.世界若无音乐将会很枯燥。I'mreallyverybusy，otherwiseIwouldcertainlygotoHangzhouwithyou.(otherwise＝ifIwerenotsobusy)我真的是太忙了，不然我就会同你一道去杭州了。Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Ifyou(be)here，youwouldseethefamousstar.2．(be)ittorain，thecropswouldbesaved.3．Butfortherain，we(finish)theworkalready.【导学号：33100010】4．Ifithadrainedlastnight，theground(be)wetnow.5．Ifyou(take)yourteacher'sadvice，youwouldnothavefailedtheexamlastweek.【答案】havefinishedbetakenⅡ.完成句子1．——玛丽看上去很疲倦。——要是你发高烧，也会这样。－Marylookstired.－Sowouldyou．2．要是他现在有空，他就会帮我们了。If，hewouldhelpus.3．要是他学过电脑，我们就雇用他在这儿工作了。he，wewouldhavehiredhimtoworkhere.4．假如没有电，就没有现代工业。Butforelectricity，nomodernindustry.5．如果明天下雨，我们就不得不取消游览西湖。Wereitraintomorrow，wecalloffourtourofWestLake.【答案】youhadahighfever2．hewerefree3．If；hadlearnedaboutcomputer/Had；learnedaboutcomputer4．therewouldbe5．wouldhaveto应用文写作——建议信建议信是书信的一种，属应用文体。建议信是对收信人就某一问题提出看法、建议或忠告。建议信有可能是写给个人，就对方遇到的某个问题提出自己的看法和观点；也可能是写给某个组织或机构，就改进其服务等提出建议或忠告。一、基本结构建议信一般采取“三段式结构”。首段：表明意图，陈述事由。主体段落：应该首先肯定对方的优点，然后再写需要改进的地方或针对具体情况提出具体建议或忠告。通常以firstly，secondly，thirdly或tobegin/startwith，then，later，lastbutnotleast等依次陈述建议。结尾段：礼貌地总结或表示期盼回复。二、注意事项1．注意结构。通常以“三段式”结构行文。2．客观地提出建议，针对对方的问题，给出你的观点。3．语言要委婉、精炼，同时要简洁，表达清楚。[亮点句式]1．建议信(首段)常用句式Iamwritingtoexpressmyviewsabout/concerning...Youhaveaskedmeformyadviceon...，andIwilltrytomakesomesuggestions.Itismypleasuretoofferyousomeadviceon...2．建议信中段常用句式Iwouldliketosuggest/recommendthat...IfIwereyou，Iwould...Itseemstomethatyoucould...Inmyopinion，itwouldbewisetotakethefollowingactions.Ithinkitwouldbemorebeneficialifyoucould...Whenitcomestosuchasituation，Iwouldliketosuggestthatyoucan...Iwonderifyouhaveconsideredthefollowing...Asto...Isuggestthatyoushould...AsfarasIamconcerned.../Inmyopinion...Foronething...foranother...Tobeginwith...Besides...Lastbutnotleast...3．建议信尾段常用句式Intheend，Iwillbeverygladifyoufindmysuggestionsuseful.Thanksforreadingmyhopeyouwillconsidermysuggestions.Ibelieveyouwilltakemyadviceintoaccount/consideration.Ihopeyouwillfindtheseproposals/suggestionspractical/useful/helpful.Pleaseletmeknowwithouthesitationifyouneedanyhelp.[写作任务]假定你是李华，你的朋友张柯发e­mail给你，就买什么样的英语词典想听听你的建议。请根据下列提示，用英语给他回一封80词左右的e­mail，推荐他买电子词典。1．方便、快捷2.内置多部词典、能发音3．能储存资料4.其他……[审题谋篇]体裁建议信话题选购词典时态一般现在时人称第二人称[遣词造句]Ⅰ.词汇1．首先2．方便做某事3．查阅(资料)4．遇到5．对……有帮助/有用6．此外【答案】beginwithisconvenienttodosth.up；consultwith/comeacross5．behelpful/usefulto.../beofhelp(use)to...6．additionally/inadditionⅡ.句式1．无论你去哪里，携带电子词典都很方便。(一句多译)①②2．Itcangiveyouavivid，clearandcorrectpronunciationjustlikeateacherstandingbyyouandthatmakesitoutstandingfromothers.(用定语从句合并句子)【答案】1.①Itisconvenientforyoutocarryanelectronicdictionarywhereveryougo.②Itisconvenientforyoutocarryanelectronicdictionarynomatterwhereyougo.2．Itcangiveyouavivid，clearandcorrectpronunciationjustlikeateacherstandingbyyou，whichmakesitoutstandingfromothers.[妙笔成篇]【参考范文】DearZhangKe，Ithinkitisawisechoicetobuyanelectronicdictionary.Tobeginwith，itisconvenientforyoutocarryitwhereveryou，youcangetwhatyouwantinitimmediately，forconsultingthiskindofdictionaryisreallyapieceofwiththeusefulmaterial，youcanstoreitasmuchasmakesitoutstandingfromothers，Ithink，isthatitcangiveyouavivid，clearandcorrectpronunciationjustlikeateacherstandingbyyou.Ihopemysuggestionwillbeusefultoyou.Yours，LiHua学业分层测评（三）Ⅰ.完成句子1．如果明天下雪，他们就不外出游玩。【导学号：33100033】Ifit，theygoforanouting.2．抱歉，我现在太忙了，如果我有时间，一定会和你去公园。Sorry，IamtoobusyItime，Itheparkwithyou.3．如果我再年轻十岁，我会重新开始的。IfI10yearsyounger，Iagainfromthebeginning.4．要是当时你没有帮助我们，我们就不会取得如此大的进步。Ifyouus，wesuchgreatprogress.5．如果今天早上带上雨衣的话，我现在就不会淋湿了。IfImyraincoatwithmethismorning，Inow.【答案】weretorain/shouldrain；wouldnot；wouldgoto；wouldstart'thelped；wouldn't/couldn'thavemadetaken；wouldnotbewetⅡ.阅读理解(2023·吉林东北师大附中高二模拟)ThomasBrodie­Sangster'scarsandactionfiguresweren'tjusttoys.“Theywouldalwaysbecharacters,andIwouldalwaysputonstupidvoices，”saysThomas(Bornon16May1990).Forhim,actingwasjustamatterofmovingchildhoodgamestoaset.MaturityandindependencecametoThomasearlyashestartedworkatten.Afterhisfirstaudition(试镜),helearnedaboutrejection.Thoughhurtanddisappointed，hetookapartinatiny,unknownTVfilmin2023.Noonenoticedhisperformance—nooneexceptscreenwriterRichardCurtis.Twoyearslater,heplayedSam,atwelve­year­oldinloveinCurtis'sLoveActually.Afterthathitfilm,heplayedactorColinFirth'ssoninNannyMcPheeFirththenjoinedafilmcalledTheLastLegionandsupportedThomasforitsleadrole.Asaresult,theboyplayedRome'sfinalrulerintheaction­adventure.Atabout16,Thomashadtomakeadecision.Didhereallywanttodevotehislifetoacting?Manypeopleinthepublic“aren'tlettingyoubeyoubecausetheyseeyouassomethingspecial”，hesays.Also,friendshipmadeduringfilmingwasoftenbrokensoonaftertheprojectfinished.Despitethesethings,hefoundenoughjoyandsatisfactionintheworktocontinue.Actually,Thomasseemstofindjoyindifficultyitself.Heplayed10­year­oldAdolfHitlerinaTVmovieandateenagePaulMcCartneyinNowhereBoy.ThesubjectofhisfilmDeathofaSuperheromadeithismostchallengingfilm.Still,hefoundapositivemessageinitsstoryofaschoolboywithcancer.ThomasnowenjoysrolesinGameofThronesandtheupcomingMazeRunnerasthoseprojectsmaybe,moststillrecognizehimasSaminLoveseemstorunafterThomas,justasheranthroughHeathrowairporttohissweetheart.1．ThomasBrodie­Sangsterreachedmaturityearlyprobablybecauseof．A．hisfailureinthefirstauditionB．hisstartingactingasearlyastenC．hisbeingsupportedbyadultactorsD．hisactinginatinyunknownTVfilm【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段的第一句MaturityandindependencecametoThomasearlyashestartedworkatten可知他从十岁开始表演。故选B。【答案】B2．Theunderlinedword“rejection”inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningto．A．recovery B．respectC．response D．refusal【解析】词义理解题。根据下文的thoughhurtanddisappointed可知他被拒绝了。故选D。【答案】D3．WhatcanbeconsideredasoneofthenegativeaspectsofactingaccordingtoThomas?A．Pressurefromthepublic.B．Long­termworkingfriendship.C．Findingjoyindifficultyitself.D．Readingscriptsandmemorizinglines.【解析】推理判断题。通读文章的第三段可知B、C、D都是Thomas走向成功的积极因素；根据该段的Manypeopleinthepublic“aren'tlettingyoubeyoubecausetheyseeyouassomethingspecial”可知来自公众的压力是他走向成功的消极因素。故选A。【答案】A4．Thomasplayedtheleadrolein．A．LoveActually B．GamesofThronesC．TheLastRegion D．NannyMcPhee【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段的FirththenjoinedafilmcalledTheLastLegionandsupportedThomasforitsleadrole判断可知Thomas在TheLastLegion中担任主角，故选C。【答案】CⅢ.语法填空(2023·枣庄模拟)ThewomanoftencalledtheFirstLadyofNewYorkdiedonAstorwasonehundredandfiveyearsextremelywealthyandfamousNewYorkerspentmuchofherlife1.(help)theneedyinherbelovedcity.ShewasborninPortsmouth，Newwastheonlychildofahighlevelmilitarytwoearlier2.(marry)，shemarriedVincentAstorin1953camefromafamilythat3.(be)richforatleastonehundredotherthings，heowedmanybuildingsinNewYorkAstorbecameoneofthe4.(rich)womenintheworldwhenVincentAstoralsobecameheadofahugecharityorganization5.(found)byherrepeatedlyhadtoldhershewouldhavefungiving6.hisapparentlysheAstorgavetensofmillionsofdollars7.(main)toplacesandpeopleinNewYorksaiditwasthesensiblechoicebecausethatwas8.themoneyhadbeengavefinancialsupporttothecity'sculturalcenters，thepooranddisabledas9.astomanyothersmallershedied，themayorofNewYorksaidthecitywouldnotbewhatitistoday10.hersupport.1．【解析】spend...doingsth.“花费……干某事”，所以填helping。【答案】helping2．【解析】空格前为形容词，且有two，故填marriages。【答案】marriages3．【解析】根据句意需用过去完成时。【答案】hadbeen4．【解析】BrookeAstor成为世界上最富有的女人之一。【答案】richest5．【解析】ahugecharityorganization与found构成被动关系，故填founded。【答案】founded6．【解析】giveaway“赠送，捐献”。【答案】away7．【解析】副词修饰前面动作。【答案】mainly8．【解析】表语从句中缺少地点状语，填where。【答案】where9．【解析】aswellas“和，也”。【答案】well10．【解析】由句意知用without“没有”。【答案】withoutⅣ.读后续写阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。(2023·浙江余姚中学高三期中考试)Oneday，mybrotherandIwerealoneinourapartment．Thereasonwasthatmyparentshadbothgoneforaballpartyandhadleftmeinchargeofwasdoingmyhomeworkwhilemyyoungerbrotherwaswatching，thedoorbell­Dong!Ding­Dong!MyyoungerbrotherhadrushedtothedoorbeforeIdecidedtoanswertheboththoughtthatourparentshadcomearesult，heunlockedthedoorandopenedit.Outsideofthehousestoodamanwhoworeablackraincoatandblackrubberlookednodifferentfromotherpeopleandhesaidthathewasasalesmanandaskedpolitelyifourmotherorfatherwasathomesohecouldtalkwiththem.Withoutanythinking，mybrothersaid，“No.”Heaskedifwewouldliketobuysomecomicbooks，whichhewasquicklyexplainedtohimthatwewerenotsupposedtobuyanythingwithoutourparents'，itseemedthathewasnotwillingtofollowmyadviceandhehadanintentiontoenterourhouse.ThenIrealizedsomethingterriblewouldIwasabouttoclosethedoor，heforcedhiswayintoourtookoutaknifeandforcedmetotieupmybrother'shandswithsomeropewhichhetookoutfromhistieduphishandsbutItiedinaspecialwaysomybrothercoulduntiehimselfasweoftenmanthentiedmyhandsupandlockedbothofusinthekitchen．Soonhewentupstairstosearchthebedroomforsomethingmanagedtoteachmybrothertountietheropeonhisthenuntiedrushedtothetelephonetocallthepolice，