简介生物晶片课件

簡介生物晶片2000November14中央大學物理系與生命科學系內容大綱什麼是生物晶片基因工程DNA知識複習製造原理應用與現況生物晶片是什麼?做什麼用？有何影響？生物晶片樣品約2cmx2cm做什麼用？做什麼用？執行醫療檢驗、環境檢測、食品檢驗、新藥開發、基礎研究、軍事防禦、化學合成等用途有何影響？有何影響？是生物科技的原子彈，把多種基因研究的效率提升了百千倍TheHumanGenomeProject-WhatTheHumanGenomeProjectWHAT?InternationalresearchefforttocharacterizethegenomesofhumanandselectedmodelorganismsthroughcompletemappingandsequencingoftheirDNA

TheHumanGenomeProject-WhyTheHumanGenomeProjectWHY?DeveloptechnologiesforgenomicanalysisExamineethical,legal,andsocialissuesTrainscientistswhowillbeabletoutilizeHGPresourcestopursuebiologicalstudiesthatwillimprovehumanhealthWhatisaGenome?WhatisaGenome?CollectionofDNAmoleculesthatcarriesthe“bookoflife”ofeachorganism.ADNAmoleculeisadoublehelix.Insingle-cellorganismsthegenomeisonecircularDNAmolecule.Inmulti-cellorganismsthegenomeispackagedinseveralchromosomesandeverycellhasacompletegenome.HowbigistheHumanGenome?HowbigistheHumanGenome?Containsover3billionbasepairsOnemeterlongwhenfullystretchedSizeof6billiongenomes,onefromeachpersononearth=1meterlonghumanhairHumanhas23chromosomesHumanhas23chromosomesAChromosomeAChromosomeDNA結構I

DNA為雙螺旋結構兩條骨幹(背脊)上各掛了A、C、G、T

四種鹼基(大化學分子)兩條骨幹上鹼基序列互補；A、T互對，C、G互對

A、T間之作用及C、G間之作用為雙螺旋之成因StructureofDNAIIDNA示意圖DNA側視DNA鏈示意圖鳥瞰

OneGeneOneProteinThe

humangenomehas65,000to100,000genesEachgene(DNAsequence)containsthegeneticcodeofaprotein(aminoacidsequence)Genetoprotein

transcription

translationWhatisaGene?.Beginner'sguidetoMolecularBiology.htm從DNA到蛋白質

DNA中之基因(鹼基序列)被轉錄成為mRNA

序列

mRNA序列依遺傳密碼被翻譯成為蛋白質序列

(轉錄及翻譯之工作由細胞內之RNA及專業蛋白質自動執行)Proteinsynthesis轉錄翻譯cDNAmicroarrayschemacDNA晶片製造原理DNAmicroarray(ExploreFig1)ExploreFig1Caption生物晶片有若干類基因晶片(genechip,DNAmicroarray)寡核酸陣列

(oligonucleotidemicroarray)互補核酸陣列

(cDNAmicroarray)蛋白質晶片(proteinchip)

生物晶片應用基因表現分析(Expressionanalysis)基因型分類(Genotyping)疾病管理(DiseasemanagementLLMPPpaperLLMPPFig1SamplegeneExpressiondata(LLMPPpaper,Alizadehetal.Nature403(2000)MolecularPortraits..MolecularPortraitsofHumanBreastTumorPerouetal.Nature406(2000)DN