大学英语四级词汇串讲p

大学英语四级词汇串讲I.关于四级的改革2005年6月18日是旧题型的最后一次考试2006年1月和6月不是试点院校的学院还参加旧题型的考试。2007年1月正式的四级改革开始实行词汇与结构改革后不直接考了,而在阅读、听力、写作、完型等题型中去考

“如果没有语法就很难表达思想，那么，没有词汇就什么也不能表达。”----D.A.Wilkins词汇是语言的建筑材料，是学习语言的根本（听、说、读、写、译）。改革后的新试题，题量大，阅读量大，需要掌握的词汇量也大。无论考不考词汇，单词都必须背!

BACKII.如何背单词、四级考点4200-4500个单词及这些词构成的常用词组(1000左右)背单词的过程中要抓住四级出题规律，背诵高频词汇。非核心:1800-2000单词(中学已经掌握)核心:常出现的是2000-2500个单词

BACK四级词汇分段记忆出现频率特别高（10个字母）

a:ab-/ac-/ad-/as-/at-s:su-/st-t:trans-/te-/tr-c:con-/com-/col-/cor-/co-r:re-i:im-/in-/il-/ir-contributionlegal—illegal

regular--irregularabandon,access,addition,attention,assist,addresstransfer,transform,transportpolite—impolitepatient—impatientport—importaccurate--inaccurate

b:p:-pro/-pree:-ex/-end:-de/-dis2.从来不考的

z:/x:/q:j:justify(从来没被选中过)y:yield(yieldto屈服，让步)k:(考过3次)

3.其它单词可放在阅读中记忆

BACKprogress(‘walk’)preview(‘see’)exportexitrich-enrichlarge-enlargeable-enabledanger-endangertitle-entitledisagreedistribute科学背单词1)花大量时间记忆单词----“重复是记忆之母”每天至少背100个单词，分成三段1)认知单词（30秒内能反应出单词意思）2)学会单词拼写3)直达词义，不用再切换到汉语意思

7天一个时间段第一天背100个，第二天复习前100个，再加上新单词100个—200个第七天就不用再记新的单词了，仔细复习前6天的单词一个月左右2500左右重点单词就可以背下来了！2)在阅读中巩固和复习单词e.g.waterabottleofwaterTherearemanywatersinthisarea.Thegardenneedswatering.WhenIsawdeliciousfood,Iwatered.employDuringtheexamination,youcan’temployyourdictionary.

BACKＶ．流口水Theworldarelikeeels.Theyaretooslipperytobekeptinourmemory.背单词的捷径编故事记单词e.g.(1)scream(2)innocent(3)family(4)qualityquantity(5)adoptadapt(6)ash/bush/cash/abash/crash/clash/smash(7)euthanasia惊声尖叫无辜的，清白的Fatherandmother,I

loveyou.质量数量采纳，领养适应碰撞，撞击（飞机）坠毁惭愧打碎，变成碎片安乐死词根、词缀记忆法1)able:e.g.

enable,unable,ability,capable2)act:todo,todrivee.g.

action,actor,actress,active,activity,activate,actual,exact,reactor,interact,transaction3)part:toseparatee.g.

parcel,partly,partial,partner,party,participate,participant,particle,particular,apart,apartment,department,compartment,depart

dis-:dislike,disgust,distaste,disorder,distributeen-:enable,entitle,enrich,enlarge

im-/-in:con-/-com-ir/-il常见的前缀:常见的后缀：

-ize:realize,recognize-ify:identify,justify,classify,personify,satisfy-ate(v.):coordinate,illustrate-tion(n.):contribution,implication,imagination,illustration-sion(n.):discussion-ment(n.):treatment,establishment-ity:prosperity,identity(IDcard)-ee:employee-er:employersecretarydiseasecommitteetestee/testerbigamy意群记忆1）“物质世界”物质的最小成分：atom,particle

宇宙太空：universe,solar,lunar

最小单位基因：protein,gene,cell

水生动物：fish,shellfish

爬行动物：reptile,insect

飞行动物：bird

哺乳动物：mammal

猿类：monkey2)“人类社会”皇家：royalty,dynasty,dictator

贵族：nobleman,landlord

政府：government,official,administrate

选举：election,vote

立法：congress,assembly,legislative

动荡：disorder,uprising,revolution

警察：police,officer

监狱：jail,prison

武装：army,armedforces

战争：war,weapon,surrender,defeat,victory

和平：peace,treaty

大家可以随时随地根据某一信息联想记忆单词，比如：一个人骑车走在街上就可以联想到：bicycle,truck,car,vehicle,bus,traffic(jam,light),rushhours,highway,freeway,zebralines,cement,sidewalk,underpass,road,passenger,shops,fence等一个人到医院又能联想到：hospital,doctor,nurse,ward,medicine,cure,treatment,injection,illness,clinic等。记忆单词生活化robustrejoicewithdraw/deposit/accountingredient/salt/sugar/pepper/vegetableoilbreezeBuckleup,please.III.同义词、近义词含义比较固定词伙关系（固定搭配/约定成俗）看书read

看电视watch

看电影see

看黑板lookat学知识:learnknowledge学:possess/acquire/obtain/gain/master知识:skill/intellectualdepth/perspective/horizon/insight/wisdom×Owingto_____competitionamongtheairlines,travelexpenseshavebeenreducedconsiderably.A.fierceBeagerCstrainedDcritical

fierce(动作非常激烈)：猛烈的，激烈的。常用的固定词伙关系是：fiercecompetitioneager:热中,渴望

strained:紧崩的，拉紧的

critical:一起搭配的常用becriticalof“对…进行批评,挑剔”

Thedirectorwascritical______thewayweweredoingthework.AatBinCofDwith相当大地Apierce：v.猛戳，猛刺入strain：要求超过极限所造成的紧张。tension:紧绷的状态或紧张的局势包含关系(A包含B，选A)(2)Hiswifeisconstantlyfinding______withhim,whichmakeshimveryangry.AerrorsBshortcomingsCfaultDflaw

errors:mistakes/sth.donewronglyfault:错(人的性格、行为或习惯上的缺点)shortcomings:(反:merits)指在学校老师作评语时给出的优缺点。

flaw:指物体或材料上的瑕疵

C指代关系(3)Therewasabigholeintheroadwhich_____thetraffic.AsetbackBstoodbackCheldupDkeptdownSetback:推迟、推延、阻碍（时间概念上的）

setabout+doing着手、开始做某事

setout+todo着手、开始做某事

setdown:takedown/putdown/writedownsetoff:出发，离开，起程=setoutsetup安装，创立，建立

setaside把…留出holdup支撑、推迟、推延、阻碍(具体概念上的)standback后退keepdown控制

Havingdecidedtorentaflat,we___contactingalltheaccommodationagenciesinthecity.AsetaboutBsetoutCsetdownDsetupThecontinuousrain___theharvestingofwheatcropbytwoweeks.C词性Manydifficultieshave_______asaresultofthechangeovertoanewtypeoffuel.ArisenBarisenCraisedDarrived

不及物动词及物动词“提高，提升，饲养，抚养”raisetheflagraisechildren太阳、旗帜、水位等的上升（具体概念）指抽象概念（问题、麻烦、新的局面等）的一种出现B四级词汇里还有一个表示“上升”的词：soar(通常表示毫不费劲地上升到很高的高度)词根、词缀的关系(5)Thereweresome______flowersonthetable.AartificialBunnaturalCfalseDunrealartificial:人造的，人为的(artifactn.人工制品，加工品)artificiallegartificialleather(genuineleather)unnatural:形容人的行为举止不自然；不正常的

abirdofunnaturalsizefalse:假（具有欺骗性的）

falsepassport/falsehair/falseteethunreal:虚幻的（不是真实世界所拥有的）

unrealworld

AMorepractice(6)Thisticket_____youtoafreemealinournewrestaurant.AgivesBgrantsCentitlesDcreditsgivesb.sth.givesth.tosb.1)grantsb.sth

正式授予e.g.Shegrantedmeonemao.(错)2)资助3)takesth.forgranted1)entitlesb.tosth.2)entitlesb.todosth.使某人有得到某事的权利1)学分2)greditcard3)greditAtoB把A归咎于Be.g.creditthecaraccidenttothedriver’scarelessnessC(7)Aseasonticket______theholdertomakeasmanyjourneyashewisheswithinthestatedperiodoftime.AentitleBgrantsCpresentsDpromises“赠与，给与”misesb.sth.A(8)Everyoneshouldbe_____toadecentstandardoflivingandanopportunitytobeeducated.AattributedBentitledCidentifiedDjustifiedattributeto归因于identifysth.withsth.将…东西与…东西认为是相同的证明,表明B(9)Shecooledthemeatforalongtimesoastomakeit____enoughtoeat.AmildBslightClightDtender温柔的(gentle)吃的东西不辣的轻微的,少许的e.g.Aslightestchangeoftheschedulemayaffecteveryone.light反:heavy(rain)清淡的,容易消化的(肉)嫩的Wild粗野的，野蛮的Wildanimal,wildhorse,wildflowershotspicy(10)Whenpeoplebecomeunemployed,itis____whichisoftenworsethanlackofwages.AlazinessBpovertyCidlenessDinabilitylazybones懒骨头贫穷,穷困poor无能力idle:闲置的,闲逛(的),游手好闲e.g.idlecapitalidleawaysometime虚度光阴

killtime

C(11)Pleasebecarefulwhenyouaredrinkingcoffeeincaseyou____thenewcarpet.AcrashBpolluteCspotDstain

BACKcrash表示飞机的失事wreck轮船的失事accident汽车的车祸Thestrongstormdidalotofdamagetothecoastalvillages:severalfishingboatswere____andmanyhousescollapsed.AwreckedBspoiledCtornDinjuredinjure:在事故中受伤wound:(刀、枪等）伤hurt:(感情、情感的）伤n.污点，污迹(点状)v.使…有污点spotteddogspit—spotchop—chip弄脏,染色(片状污迹)DIV.形近词(1)NiagaraFallsisagreattourist______,drawingmillionsofvisitorseveryyear.AattentionBattractionCappointmentDarrangementPayattentiontotractor:拖拉机attraction:吸引力attractone’sattention正式约会KeepappointmentBreakappointment男女之间的约会：date(2)Therainwasheavyand_____thelandwasflooded.

AconsequentlyBcontinuouslyCconstantlyDconsistently

相当于therefore,比较正式，一般在句首连续地（没有间断性）continually连续地（有间断性，时断时续的）“始终如一地，恒定地;总是”固定词伙：恒温constanttemperature“一贯地”固定词伙：consistentpolicylightrainraincatsanddogsA(3)Ihatepeoplewho_____theendofafilmthatyouhaven’tseenbefore.AreviseBrewriteCrevealDreverseRe-:againrewrite=writeagainreviewreviseRe-:backreturnrejectreverse(转)：颠倒揭示，揭露A(4)Don’t______thisnewstothepublicuntilwegiveyouthego-ahead.AreleaseBrelieveCrelateDretainreleasesth.tosb.“向某人发布、发行”固定词伙：releaseenergy减轻痛苦、忧虑等relieveyourpain/worryn.relief固定搭配：toone’srelief使某人宽慰的是relatesth.tosth.在思想或意义上与…有联系berelatedto保持，保留A(5)Thetwentiethcenturyhaswitnessedanenormousworldwidepolitical,economicandcultural_____.

AtraditionBtransportationCtransmissionDtransformation

传送,播送transmitv.(6)Therewerenotickets_____forFriday’sperformance.

ApreferableBconsiderableCpossibleDavailable可得到的,可应用的,可获得的Thedictionaryisavailable.Themanagerisavailable.Thereisnoroom(available)inourhotel.Considerv.Considerable:值得考虑的,可观的,量大的Considerate:考虑周到的--prefer(vt.)喜欢--prefertodo--prefertodo…ratherthan(to)do宁愿…而不愿--prefersth.to

sth./preferdoingtodoing(prefercoffeetotea)DPreferable:更合适的,更喜欢的具有比较意义的形容词(不能与more,than,-er连用):superiorto优于----inferiortosecondto仅次于(I’msecondtonone.)Sensitiveto对…感到敏感(7)Itissaidthatthemathteacherseems_____towardsbrightstudents.ApartialBbeneficialCpreferableDliable

偏爱的partialto/towardsimpartialto/towards不偏不倚的benefitfromliabletosth.遭遇到某事A(8)SomepeoplewouldliketodoshoppingonSundayssincetheyexpecttopickupwonderful_______inthemarket.AbatteriesBbargainsCbasketsDbarrels装液体的大木桶便宜货，讨价还价打折discount20%discountv.bargainwithsb.与某人讨价还价

bargainaboutsth.就…讨价还价B(9)Rememberthatcustomersdon’t_____aboutpricesinthatcity.AdebateBconsultCdisputeDbargain

辩论，辩论会咨询consultant

顾问反驳beyonddispute无可争辩D(10)Theneighborhoodboysliketoplaybasketballonthe_____lot.AvalidBvainCvacantDvague具有法律效力的没人占用而空,暂时没有充满而空反:occupiedempty空空如也,什么也没有invain徒劳,白费力气含糊不清的(11)Althoughtheyplanttreesinthisareeveryyear,thetopsofsomehillsarestill_____.AblankBhollowCvacantDbare因为没写字而空中空的、空心的反：solid光秃秃的（一般形容土地）bald光头DV.动词词组及短语turnTurndown将音量关小，拒绝Turnup把音量开大；出现Turnout结果是、证明；生产Turnover移交，转交（没有方向性）Turnto求助于，参考Turnin交给，上交Thiscompanyhasturnedout100cars.takeover接管handover交给，递给RefertomakeMakeoutMakefor朝…走去Makeoff匆匆地离开某地,逃走MakeupMakeit=succeedindoingsth.(听力中常出现)Makeupfor弥补,补偿LeaveforShanghai.Makeformyoffice.组成,构成+数字/百分比bemadeupof组成,构成(被动)补考缓考takeTakeafter在外貌,性格等方面与父母相象Takeapart(将大型机器)分解，拆开Takeback收回=withdrawTakedown记下,写下Takeeffect生效Takeeffectivesteps/measures采取有效措施Takein理解\领悟,吸收(absorb),欺骗(cheat)Takeoff脱下,(飞机)起飞(四级听力重点词组)Takeon承担责任等等;雇佣(employ);Takeout抽出,取出Takepartin=participateinTaketheplaceof=re