名词性从句导学案

名词性从句（nounclauses）Name:Class：Name:教学目标：掌握名词性从句的四大类型以及它们的用法，并能判断出练习中的句子属于什么从句类型，会做一些简单的练习。教学重点：.主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句，让学生能判断出一个复合句属于什么类型的从句。.注意宾语从句的时态呼应。教学难点：that什么情况下可以省略，什么情况下不可以省略。whether和if什么时候可以互换，什么时候不可以互换。如何区分同位语从句与定语从句。教学过程：Lead—in:exercisesthebabycouldspeakmadehisparentsveryhappy.A.That B.What C.Why D.IfIwonderyouwillgoshoppingorstayathome.A.that B.if C.whether D.whatThisishewasoftenlateforschool.A.what B.that C.why D.whetherWeallknowthetruththeeartharoundthesun.A.if;moved B.that;moves C.why;move D.whether;move完成以上四个题目，并分别指出它们是什么从句，从而导出名词性从句的学习。一.名词性从句的概念：一个句子在连接词的引导下，在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。二.名词性从句的功能：相当于名词词组，它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等。Hisjobisimportant.（主语）Whathedoesisimportant.（主语从句）Thisishisjob.（表语）Thisiswhathedoeseveryday.（表语从句）Idon,tlikehisjob.（宾语）Idon,tlikewhathedoeseveryday.（宾语从句）Idon,tknowabouttheman,Mr.White.（同位语）Idon,tknowaboutthefactthatheisateacher.（同位语从句）得出结论：因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分为四类，即:主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。三.引导名词性从句的连接词：1、连接代词：who,whoever,whose,whom,whomever,what,whicho有词义，在从句中担任成分，如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。Idon’tbelievehehasachievedsofar.breaksthelawshouldbepunished.2、连接副词：when,where,why,how。有词义，在从句中担任成分，作状语。

wewillhandintheprojectwillbediscussedlater.Parentsarethoughttounderstandimportanteducationistotheirchildren'sfuture.Thereasonhewasabsentwasthathewasill.3、连接词：统应whether,if,asif,asthoughtthat无词义，在从句中不担任成分，有时可省略；if（whether）,asif虽有词义，但在从句中不担任成分。Idon'tcareaboutyouhavemoneyornot.TheproblemisTomisabletoarriveontime.themeetingwillbeheldhereisnotdecidedyet.Itlooksitisgoingtorain.Thetruthishedidn,tcomefortheconcert.theearthisroundistrue.四.名词性从句的类型：.主语从句:在复合句中作主句的主语。连接词有that,whether;who,what,which;when,where,how,why等。如：heisafamoussingerisknowntous.hewillgotoAmericaisnotyetfixed.she,scomingornotdoesn,tmattertoomuch.broketheglassyesterdayisnotclear.注意：1.为避免主语冗长，句子头重脚轻，经常用it作形式主语，主语从句放在后面作真正的主语。记住以下it作形式主语的句型：It,slikely/possible/important/necessary/clearthat…很可能/重要的是.../必要的是.../很清楚...It,ssaid/reportedthat...据说/据报道...Itseems/appears/happensthat…显然、明显、碰巧...It'sbeenannounced/declaredthat...已经通知/宣布...It'snowonderthat…并不奇怪/无疑...Ifsapity/afact/acommonknowledge（众所周知）/acommonsaying（俗话说）that...•Itworriedherabitherhairwasturninggrey.A.while B.that C.if D.for•Itremainsaquestionwecangetsomuchmoneyinsuchashorttime.A.how B.that C.when D.what•Itisknowntouswherethereispollution,thereisharm.A.which B.where C.what D.that2.单个的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用句单数形式；如果是两个或两个以上的主语作主语，谓语动词则视情况而定。Whenandwherehewasbornhasn,tbeenfound.Whenhewasbornandwherehewasbornhaven,tbeenfound.Whenandwhythepersonwasmurderedisstillunknown.Whenthepersonwasmurderedandwhyhewasmurdered_arestillunknown.Exercises:.makesthisshopdifferentisthatitoffersmorepersonalservices.A.WhatB.WhoC.Whatever2D.WhoeverA.WhatB.WhoC.Whatever2D.WhoeverIcanpaybackthehelpthatpeoplegivememakesmeveryhappy.A.Where B.What C.That D.How•It,snotclearwasresponsiblefortheaccident.A.Who B.What C.How D.That•intheregulationsthatyoushouldnottellotherpeoplethepasswordofyoure-mailaccount.A.WhatisrequiredB.WhatrequiresC.ItisrequiredD.Itrequires2.表语从句：在复合句中作主句的表语。引导词有连词that,whether,asif,asthough;who,what,which,whose;when,where,how,why,because等。如：Theproblemiswedidn,tgetintouchwithhim.ThisisHenrysolvedtheproblem.Hissuggestioniswe(should)finishtheworkatonce.Itlookeditwasgoingtorain.Thereasonwedidn'ttrusthimishehasoftenlied注意：如果句子的主语是suggestion,advice,order,demand,proposal等名词时，后面引导的表语从句用should+动词原形,should可省略。他的建议是我们应该马上完成工作.Hissuggestionisthatwe(should)finishtheworkatonce.Thereasonwhy...isthat... ...的理由是，…的原因是...Thereasonhewaslateagainwashewascaughtinthetrafficjam.ThereasonIhavetogoismymotherisillinbed.A.why;why B.why;becauseC.why;that D.that;becauseItisbecause...这是因为.…Exercises:•Thisisshewasborn.A.where B.which C.that D.whatThequestioniswecan,tgotheretoday.A.that B.what C.which D.whenThereasonhehasmadesuchgreatprogressishehasneverwastedhistime.A.because B.why C.that D.what•Myadviceisthatheschoolbybike.A.goto B.wouldgotoC.goesto D.wentto•shecouldn,tunderstandwasfewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.A.What;why B.That;what•A.What;why B.That;what•Energyismakesthingswork.A.what B.everything3.宾语从句：在复合句中作主句的宾语。C.something D.anything引导词有连词that,whether,if;who,whom,whose,what,which;when,where,how,why等。在谓语动词、介词、动词不定式、分词、动名词之后都可以带有宾语从句。某些形容词如sure,happy,glad,certain,pleased等之后也可以带有宾语从句。如：V+宾语从句，即“动宾”：Webelievethatheishonest.Iaskediftheyhadacheapsuit.Canyoutellmewhichdictionaryishers?Ireallydon,tknowwhatheisdoing.Ijustdon,tunderstandthatpreventssomanyAmericansfrombeingashappyasonemightexpect.A.whyitdoes B.whatitdoesC.whatitis D.whyitis---Don,tyoubelieveme?---,Iwillbelieveyousay.A.No;whatever B.Yes;nomatterwhatC.No;nomatterwhatD.Yes;whatever“Whatdidyourparentsthinkaboutyourdecision?”“TheyalwaysletmedoIthinkIshould.”A.when B.that C.how D.whatprep+宾语从句，即“介宾”：He,spleasedwithwhatwedidyesterday.Payattentiontowhattheteachersaid.Iwishtohaveafriendwithsharesmyhobbiesandinterests.A.whomeverB.nomatterwhoC.whoeverD.anyoneMarywroteanarticleontheteamhadfailedtowinthegame.A.why B.what C.who D.thatItwasamatterofwouldtaketheposition.A.who B.whoever C.whom D.whomeveradj+宾语从句，即“形宾”：that引导的名词性从句还可以用在一些形容词后面。这种句型一般都用人作主语，所用的形容词都是表示思想状况或感情色彩的形容词，如 certain,sure,positive,afraid,convinced,anxious,disappointed,worried,glad,happy,sorry,amazed,surprised,aware,doubtful,confident等等。Iamsure/certainthathe'sathomenow. 我肯定他现在在家。Hebecameangrythatyoumadethesamemistake.你犯了同样的错误，他生气了。Heremainsconfidentthathewillwin.他仍然自信他会赢。SheisawarethatIcan’thelpher.她知道我帮不了她的忙。Iamgladthatyou,vecome,你来了我很高兴。Heappeared/seemedsurprisedthatIsaid“no”.我说不，他似乎很吃惊。IamafraidthatIcan'tpromiseyouanything.恐怕我不能向你保证什么。Wewereratherdisappointedthatyouwerenotabletocomeyesterday.昨天你没能来我们有点失望。Iamabitworriedthatshewillnotbeabletomakeit.我有点担心她做不成这件事情。I,msurethatmybrotherwilllovethejacket./Iamgladthatyoucancomeandhelpme.不能误将“It+be+adj+that”的主语从句当成宾语从句.如：ItisnecessarythatweshouldlearnEnglishwell.Exercises:Iaskedhershehadabike.wewillholdapartyintheopenairtomorrowdependsontheweather.We’reworriedaboutheissafe.

Idon’tknowheiswellornot.Idon'tknowornotheiswell.Thequestionisheshoulddoit.Thedoctorcanhardlyanswerthequestiontheoldmanwillrecoversoon.(2)如果宾语从句是由that引导，and或but连接的两个或两个以上的并列的宾语从句，那么只有第一个that可以省略，第二个或第二个以后的that不能省略.Hesaid(that)thetextwasverydifficultandthatwehadtoworkhardatit.Mydeskmatetoldme(that)hewatchedafootballmatchlastnight,butthatitwasverydiscouraging.如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语，就用it作形式宾语，将宾语从句后置，并且that不可以省略.Hehasmadeitclearthathewillwinthegame.IfinditnecessarythatweshouldlearnEnglishwell.WefinditnecessarythatwepracticespokenEnglisheveryday.(3)表示“建议，命令，要求”的宾语从句，如24丫1$6,suggest,order,request,require,demand等，从句用虚拟语气，即should+动词原形,should可省略。(4)在“主语+believe/think/suppose/know/expect”的结构中，其否定形式要用否定转移，即主句否定，从句肯定。Idon,tthinkhewillcome.Idon,tthinkI,lltroubleyouagain.Idon,texpectthattheywillgetmarriedsoon.(5)宾语从句的时态呼应：a.如果主句时态是一般现在时或将来时，从句谓语可根据句意需要而选用任一种时态.他相信他的梦想总有一天会实现的. Hebelieves.b.请告诉我你昨天这个时候在干什么. Pleasetellme.b.如果主句谓语是一般过去时，从句谓语动词一般用过去的某种时态，但如果从句表达的是客观事实、真理、自然规律等时，从句谓语通常用一般现在时。他告诉我他正在为考试做准备. Hetoldme.他说他已离开家乡十年了。 Hetoldme老师告诉我们光是沿直线运行的.Theteachertoldus.Exercises:DoyouseeImean?A.that B./ C.how D.whatTellmeisonyourmind.A.that B.what C.which D.whyWemuststicktowehaveagreedon.A.what B.that C./D.howA.what B.that C./D.howLetmeseeA.thatcanIrepairtheradioC.IcanrepairtheradioA.thatcanIrepairtheradioC.Icanrepairtheradio•Keepinmind.thattheteachersaidC.thatdidtheteachersaywhetherIcanrepairtheradioD.whethercanIrepairtheradioB.whatdidtheteachersayD.whattheteachersaidfact；truth；4.同位语从句：在复合句中起同位语的作用。一般放在名词idea；belieffact；truth；problem；news,information;hope;thought;promise等之后，用以说明或解释前面的名词。常用that,whether,what,who,whom,whose,when,where,why,how,$弓|导（if不弓［导同位语从句）•Weallknowthetruththeearthgoesroundthesun.A.that B.which C.what D.whether•Weheardthenewsourteamhadwon.A.which B.that C.what D.where•Theproblemitisrightorwronghasnotyetbeendecided.A.which B.that C.whether D.if•TheyexpressedthehopetheywouldcomeovertoChina.A.which B.that C.whom D.when•Thefacthedidn'tseeTomyesterdayistrue.A.that B.which C.when D.what注意：.名词suggestion,advice,order等词后的同位语从句的谓语动词要用should+动词原形，should可省略。Thesuggestionthatheatthemeetingwasagreedtobymostpeople.A.wasputforward B.putforwardC.shouldlookforward D.lookedforwardThesuggestionthatwetopicniconSundaywasagreedtobymostpeople.Awent B.wouldgo C.go D.wereallowedtogo.同位语从句有时没有紧踉在名词后面，而是被别的词分开，称为隔裂式同位语从句。HegotthenewsfromMarythatthesportsmeetingwasputoff.WordcamethatTomwouldgoabroad.•Thequestioncameupatthemeetingwehadenoughmoneyforourresearch.A.that B.what C.which D.whether•There,safeelinginmewe’llneverknowwhataUFOis-——notever.A.that B.which C.ofwhich D.what•Itremainsaquestionwecangetsomuchmoneyinsuchashorttime.A.how B.that C.when D.what•Danbyleftwordwithmysecretaryhewouldcallagainintheafternoon.A.who B.that C.as D.which3.如何判断同位语从句和定语从句？a.定语从句是先行词的修饰语，它不涉及先行词的具体内容。定语从句中that不但起连接作用，而且在定语从句中充当一个成分，充当宾语成分时可省略。b.同位语从句对中心词的内容作进一步的解释和说明，表明中心词的具体内容。引导同位语从句的that在同位语从句中不做任何成分，只起连接作用,无具体含义,且不可省略.五.名词性从句的考点归纳：1.名词性从句的语序：a.That+陈述句：Thatlighttravelsinstraightlinesisknowntoall.---Isawyourneighborbreakyourwindowwithabasketball.---itmademenearlymad.ThathebrokeWhathebrokeHebroke6ThathebrokeWhathebrokeHebroke6Hisbreakb.疑问词引导的名词性从句要求使用陈述语序，不能用一般疑问句语序，即“疑问词+句子的剩余成分”。Idon,tknowwhenhewillgotoNanjing./Thisiswhatwearelookingfor.TOC\o"1-5"\h\zHowwashesuccessfulisstillapuzzle.( )Howhewass