2012年全国高考英语试题及答案

★使用前2012年普通高等学校招生统一考试（卷英本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）1301001101112第注意事项25595第一部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分第一节：单项填空（15115分A、B、C、D---CanIhaveadayofftomorrow,Mr. .IcanmanagewithoutA.Forget B.I’mafraid C.It D.OfThelettersfortheboss onhisdeskbuthedidn’treadthemuntilthreelater.A.wereput B.wasput C.put D.hasputYouwereworkingtoohard.You’dbetterkeepa betweenworkandrelaxation. B.lead C.balance D.diaryThedogmaybeagoodcompanionfortheold. ,theneedtotakeitforwalksmaybea B. C. D.---Youhavetobelieveinyourself.Nooneelsewill,ifyou .ConfidenceisreallyA.It’snotmycupoftea B.That’snotthepoint C.Idon’tthinkso D.Icouldn’tagreemoreOnlyMaryreadhercompositionthesecond thespellingA.didshenotice B.shenoticed C.doesshenotice IwishtothankProfessorSmith, helpIwouldneverhavegotthis B. C. D.It’squitewarmhere;we turntheheatingon B. C. D.Itdoesn’tmatter youturnrightorleftatthecrossing---bothroadsleadtothepark. B.how C.if Thesecretaryarranged timeandspacefortheapplicantstohaveanA. B. C. D.Hegotuplateandhurriedtohisoffice, thebreakfastA. B.to C. D.havingThethreeof aroundEuropeforaboutamonthlastA. B.have C.had D.Parentsandchildrenshouldcommunicatemoreto thegapbetweenthemsothattheyeachotherA. B. C. D.Everythingwasplacedexactly hewanteditforthegraduationA. B. C. D.Wewouldn’thavecalledataxiyesterdayifHarold usarideA.didn’toffer B.wouldn’toffer C.hasn’toffered 第二节：完形填空（201.530分16～35A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最IfellinlovewithYosemiteNationalParkthefirsttimeIsawit,whenIwas13Myparentstookusthereforcam.Onthewayout,IaskedthemtowaitwhileIranuptoE1Capitan,a16rockof3,300feetstraightup.Itouchedthatgiantrockandknew17Iwantedtoclimbit.Thathasbeenmylife’spassion(钟爱)eversince---18therocksandmountainsofYosemite.I’velongmadeYosemitemy19.About15yearsagoIstartedseeingalotof20,liketoiletpaper,beercans,andemptyboxes,aroundthearea.It’s21mewhyvisitorsstartedrespectingtheplace22andtreatedsuchabeautifulhome-likeplacethisway.Itried23trash()myself,butthejobwastoobig.Iwould24anhourortwoonthejob,onlytofindtheareatrashedalloveragainweekslater.Finally,Igotso25itthatIdecidedsomethinghadtochange.Asarock-climbingguide,Iknew26aboutorganizinganybigevent.Butin2004,togetherwithsomeclimbers,Isetadatefora27.Onthatday,morethan300people28.Overthreedayswecollectedabout6,000poundsoftrash.Itwasamazinghowmuchwewereableto29.Icouldn’tbelievethe30wemade---theparklookedclean!Eachyearvolunteerscomeforthecleanupfromeverywhere.In2007alone,2,945peoplepickedup42,330poundsoftrashand31132ofroadway.Ioftenhearpeople32abouttheirsurroundings.Ifyouareoneofthem,Iwouldsaytheonlywaytochangethingsisby33ratherthancomplaining.Weneedtoteachby34.Youcan’tblameothers35youstartwithyourself.16.A.B.C.D.17.A.immediaB.C.D.18.A.B.C.D.19.A.B.C.D.20.A.B.C.D.21.A.B.C.D.22.A.B.C.D.23.A.throwingB.pickingC.breakingD.digging24.A.B.C.D.25.A.satisfiedB.delightedC.tiredD.used26.A.B.C.D.27.A.B. D.28.A.droppedB.showedC.lookedD.called29.A.B. 30.A.B.C.D.31.A.B.C.D.32.A.B.C.D.33. B.C.D.34.A.B.C.D.35.A.B.C.D.第二部分读理解（共20小题；每小2.5分，满50分A、B、C、DABicycleOperationAlwaysrideyourbikeinasafe,controlledmanneroncampus(校园).Obeyrulesandregulations.Watchoutforwalkersandotherbicyclists,andalwaysuseyourlightsindarkconditions.TheftPreventionAlwayssecurelylockyourbicycletoabicyclerack---evenifyouareonlyawayforaminute.RegisteryourbikewiththeUniversityDepartmentofPublicSafety.It’sfast,easy,andfree.Registrationpermanentlyrecordsyourserialnumber,whichisusefulinthepossiblerecoveryofthebike Makesurethattheyareingoodworkingorderandadjusted Anecessity,makesureyourhelmetmeetscurrentsafetystandardsandfitiihhts Alwayshaveafrontheadlight---visibleatleast500feetinfrontofthebike.AtaillightisagoodRulesoftheRidinhonCampusAsabicyclerider,youhavearesponsibilitytorideonlyonstreetsandpostedbicyclepaths.Ridingonsidewalksorotherwalkwayscanleadtoafine.Thespeedlimitforbicyclesoncampusis15mph,unlessotherwiseposted.Alwaysgivetherightofwaystowalkers.Ifyouareinvolvedinanaccident,youarerequiredtoofferappropriateaid,calltheDepartmentofPublicSafetyandremainatthesceneuntiltheofficerletsyougo.BicycleParkinhOnlyparkinareasforbikes.Trees,handrails,hallways,andsignpostsarenotforbicycleparking,andparkinginsuchpostscanresultinafine.IfThingsGoIfyoubreaktherules,youwillbefined.Besidesviolatingruleswhileridingbicyclesoncampus,youcouldbefinedfor:NobicycleregistrationBicycleparkingbannedBlockingpathwithbicycle

Violationofbicycleequipment Registrationofyourbicyclemayhelpyou findyourstolen B.getyourserialC.receivefreerepair D. swithAccordingtothepassage,whatbikeequipmentisafreechoiceforbicycleA. B.A C.A D.AWhenyourideabicycleonthecampus, rideonpostedbicyclepathsandcycleataspeedofover15putthewalkers’rightofwaycallthebeforeleavinginacaseofIfyoulockyourbicycletoatreeonthecampus,youcouldbefined A. B. C. D.WhatisthepassagemainlyA.Aguideforsafebicyclingon B.DirectionsforbicycletouronC.Regulationsofbicycleraceoncampus. D.RulesforridingmotorvehiclesonBBarditchHighSchooldecidedtoanAll-SchoolReunion.Over450peoplecametotheevent.ThereweretoursoftheoldschoolbuildingandaicatConfederatePark.Severalformerteacherswereonhandstolstoriesabouttheolddays.Ms.MabelYates,theEnglishteacherforfiftyyears,waswheeledtothePark.Someeyesrolledandtherewereafewlowgroans(嘟囔声)whenMs.Yateswasabouttospeak.Manystartedlookingattheirwatchesandcomingupwithexcusestobeanywhereinsteadofpreparingtolistentoalecturefromandoldwomanwhohadfewkindwordsforherstudentsandmadethemworkharderthanalltheotherteacherscombined.ThenMs.Yatesstartedto“Ican’tlyouhowpleasedIamtobehere.Ihaven’tseenmanyofyousinceyourgraduation,butIhavefollowedyourcareersandenjoyedyourvictoriesaswellascryingforyourtragedies.Ihavealargecollectionofnewspaperphotographsofmystudents.AlthoughIhaven’tappearedin ,Ihaveattendedyourcollegegraduations,weddingsandeventhebirthyourchildren,inmyimagination.”Ms.Yatespausedandstartedcryingabit.Thenshe“ItwasmybeliefthatifIpushedyouashardasIcould,someofyouwouldsucceedtopleasemeandotherswouldsucceedtoannoyme.Regardlessofourmotives,Icanseethatyouhaveallbeensuccessfulinyouchosenpath.”“Thereisnogreatercomfortforaneducatorthantoseetheendresultofhisorheryearsofwork.YouhaveallbeenagreatsourceofpleasureandprideformeandIwantyoutoknowIloveyouallfromthebottomofmyheart.”Therewasasilenceoverthecrowdforafewsecondsandthensomeonestartedclap.Teeclapturnedintocheering,thenintoadeafeningroar(呼喊).Lawyers,truckdrivers,bankersandmodelswererubbingtheireyesorcryingopenlywithnoshameallbecauseofthewordsfromalongforgottenEnglishteacherfromtheirhometown.WhatactivitywasorganizedfortheschoolSightseeinginthe B. icontheschool lingstoriesaboutpast D.Graduates’reportsintheoldWhatcanbeinferredfromParagraphSomegraduatesweretoobusytolistentoMs.Yates’ManygraduatesdislikedMs.Yates’waysofSomepeoplegottiredfromthereunionMostpeoplehadlittleinterestintheWecanlearnfromMs.Yates’speechthatshe kepttrackofherstudents’ B.gaveherstudentsadviceontheirC.attendedherstudents’collegegraduations students’weddingWhatwasMs.Yates’beliefinteachingTeachers’knowledgeisthekeytostudents’PressureonstudentsfromteachersshouldbeHard-pushedstudentsaremorelikelytoStudents’respectisthebestrewardforWhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeMs.Reliableand B.ToughandC.Proudbut D.StrictbutCThepracticeofstudentsendlesslycopyinglettersandsentencesfromablackboardisathingofthepast.Withthecomingofnewtechnologieslikecomputersandsmartphone,writingbyhandhas somethingofnostalgic怀旧的)skill.However,whiletoday’seducatorsareusingmoreandmoretechnologyintheirteaching,manybelievebasichandwritingskillsarestillnecessaryforstudentstobesuccessful---bothinschoolandinlife.VirginiaBerninger,professorofeducationalpsychologyattheUniversityofWashington,saysit’simportanttocontinueteachinghandwritingandhelpchildrenacquiretheskillofwritingbyhand.Berningerandhercolleaguesconductedastudythatlookedattheabilityofstudentstocompletevariouswritingtasks---bothonacomputerandbyhand.Thestudy,publishedin2009,foundthatwhenwritingwithapenandpaper,participantswrotelongeressaysandmorecompletesentencesandhadafasterwordproductionrate.Inamorerecentstudy,Berningerlookedatwhatrolespellingplaysinastudent’swritingskillsandfoundthathowwellchildrenspellistiedtoknowwelltheycanwrite.“Spellingmakessomeofthethinkingpartsofthebrainactivewhichhelpsusaccessourvocabulary,wordmeaningandconcepts.Itisallowingourwrittenlanguagetoconnectwithideas.”Berningersaid.Spellinghelpsstudentstranslateideasintowordsintheirmindfirstandthentotranscribe(转换)“thosewordsinthemindwrittensymbolsonpaperorkeyboardandscreen,”thestudysaid.Seeingthewordsinthe“mind’seye”helpschildrennotonlytoturntheirideasintowords,saysBerninger,butalsotospot(发现)spellingmistakeswhentheywritethewordsdownandtocorrectthenovertime.“Inourcomputerage,somepeoplebelievethatwedon’thavetoteachspellingbecausewehavechecks,”shesaid.“Butuntilachildhasafunctionalspellingabilityofaboutafifthgradelevel,theywon’thavetheknowledgetochoosethecorrectspellingamongtheoptionsgivenbythecomputer.”WhatmakeswritingbyhandathingoftheTheabsenceofblackboardin B.TheuseofnewtechnologiesinC.Thelackofpracticein D.ThepopularuseofBerninger’sstudypublishedin2009 focusedonthedifferencebetweenwritingbyhandandonaindicatedthatstudentsprefertowritewithapenandfoundthatgoodessaysaremadeupoflongdiscussedtheimportanceofwritingWhichofthefollowingbestshowstheroleofSpellingimprovesone’smemoryofSpellingabilityiscloselyrelatedtowritingSpellingbenefitsthetranslationfromwordsintoSpellingslowsdownfindingexactwordstoexpressWhatdoes“mind’seye”inparagraph5A. B. C. D.WhatconclusioncouldbedrawnfromtheComputerscanhelppeoplewiththeirchoiceofSpellcheckscantaketheplaceofspellingHandwritingstillhasaplaceintoday’sFunctionalspellingabilitydevelopsfastinthefifthDYouaregivenmanyopportunitiesinlifetochoosetobeavictimorcreatorWhenyouchoosetobeavictim,theworldisacoldanddifficultplace.“Theydidthingstoyouwhichcausedallofyourpainandsuffering.“They”arewrongandbad,andlifeisterribleaslongas“they”arearound.Oryoumayblameyourselfforallyourproblems,thusinternalizing(内化)yourvictimizationThetruthis,yourlifeislikelytostaythatwayaslongasyoufeelaneedtoblameyourselforothers.Thosewhochoosetobecreatorslookatlifequitedifferently.Theyknowthereareindividualswhomightliketocontroltheirlives,buttheydon’tletthisgetintheway.Theyknowtheyhavetheirweaknesses,yettheydon’tblamethemselveswhentheyfail.Whateverhappens,theyhavechoiceinthematter.Theybelievetheirdancewitheachsacred(神圣的)momentoflifeisagiftandthatstormsareanaturalpartoflifewhichcanbringtherainneededforemotionalandspiritualgrowth.Victimsandcreatorsliveinthesamephysicalworldanddealwithmanyofthesamephysicalrealities,yettheirexperienceoflifeisworldsapart.Victimsrelish(沉溺)inanger,guilt,andotheremotionsthatcauseothers---andeventhemselves---tofeellikevictims,too.Creatorsconsciouslychooselove,inspiration,andotherqualitieswhichinspirenotonlythemselves,butallaroundthem.Bothvictimsandcreatorsalwayshavechoicetodeterminethedirectionoftheirlives.Inreality,allofusplaythevictimorthecreatoratvariouspointsinourlives.One ,onlosingajoboraspecialrelationship,mayfeelasifitistheendoftheworldandsinkintoterriblesufferingformonths,years,orevenalifetime.Anotherwiththesameexperiencemaychoosetofirstexperiencethegrief,thenacceptthelossandsoonmoveontobeapowerfulcreativeforceinhislife.Ineverymomentandeverycircumstance,youcanchoosetohavefuller,richerlifebysettingaclearintentiontotransformthevictimwithin,andbyinvitingintoyourlifethepowerfulcreatorthatyouare.Whatdoestheword“they”inParagraph1probablyreferPeopleandthingsaround B.OpportunitiesandC.Creatorsandtheir D.VictimsandtheirAccordingtoParagraph2,creators seemwillingtoexperiencefailuresin B.possesstheabilitytopredictfutureC.handleupsanddownsoflife D.havepotentialtocreatesomethingWhatcanwelearnfromParagraphCreatorsandvictimsfacequitedifferentthingsinCreatorsandvictimsaremastersoftheirVictimscaninfluencemorepeoplethanComparedwithvictims,creatorsaremoreTheexamplesmentionedinParagraph4showthat strong enttosufferingsinlifepullspeopleintopeopleneedfamilysupporttodealwithchallengersinittakescreatorsquitealongtimetogetridoftheirone’sexperiencesdeterminehisattitudetowardWhatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthisTodefinevictimsandToevaluatevictimsagainstToexplaintherelationshipbetweenvictimsandTosuggestthetransformationfromvictimsto2012年普通高等学校招生统一考试（卷） 第注意事项635分。第三部分：写作第一节：阅读表达（5210分）Bornin1949,DianaNyadtookanearlyinterestinswimmingasasportandwasaFloridaStateSchoolswimmingchampion.Likemanyyoungathletes,shehadOlympicdreams,butaseriousillnesskepthercompetingintheGames.Thedisappointmentdidn’tstopherfromgoingforward.Instead,shebecameinterestedinmarathonswimming.Abrilliantathlete,shewaswell-conditionedforspendinglongperiodsoftimeinthewater.Asalong-distanceswimmer,shewouldcompeteagainstherselfandtheobstaclespresentedbydistance,danger,cold,andexhaustion.FortenyearsNyaddevotedherselfto ingoneoftheworld’sbestlong-distanceswimmers.In1970,sheswamaten-marathoninLakeOntario,settingthewomen’srecordforthecourse.In1972shesetanotherrecordbyswimming102.5fromanislandintheBahamastothecoastofFlorida.ThenshebrokeathirdrecordwhenswimmingaroundManhattanIslandin1975.NyadattemptedtoswimthedistancebetweenFloridaandCubain1978.Thoughthespanofwaterislessthan100wide,itisroughanddangerous.Afte