精品-名词性从句通用课件

名词性从句

Unit1Theworldofoursense

GrammarNounclause名词性从句名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：

连接词：that,whether,if连接代词：what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,which.连接副词：when,where,how,why

一．主语从句

主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。1.It作形式主语

It作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。例如：

Itisapitythatyoudidn’tgotoseethefilm.Itdoesn’tinterestmewhetheryousucceedornot.

Ⅰ

Subjectclause引导主语从句的连词主要有:一.由that引导的主从:1.That

weshallbelateiscertain.2._____________________isknowntoall.(地球是圆的)3.________________________isapity.

(你错过了这次机会)

★

that不作成分，无意义,但不能省略.

后接一个完整的陈述句.That

theearthisroundThat

youmissedthechancethatwhether疑问词注：that引导的主语从句作主语，谓语用单数。That引导的主从，常用形式主语it代替，that从句后移。Thatweneedtimeisobvious.Itisobviousthatweneedtime.2.What引导的主从，what作主语，宾语或表语，表。。。的东西Whatweneedistime.Whathesaiditistrue.What引导的主从，谓语动词视后面的名词而定。Whatweneed

time.Whathegaveme

are

twobooks.is

what引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语．宾语．表语，而that则不然。例如：

1)______yousaidyesterdayisright.2)______sheisstillaliveisagoodthing.Itisrightwhatyousaidyesterday.Itisagoodthingthatsheisstillalive.WhatThat2.what与that在引导主语从句时的区别3.由whether引导的主从:e.g.Whetherhe’llbeabletocomeisnotyetknown.

Whetherwewillsucceedisstillaquestion.★主语从句不能用if来引导;Ex:1.是否我们要参加这次会议仍未被决定。

Whetherweshallattendthemeetinghasn’tbeendecidedyet.

陈述语序4.疑问词引导的主语从句

what;which;who;whom;when;where;why;how

原则:缺什么补什么Whathesaidatthemeetingsurprisedus.Whowillwinthegameisnotclear.Wherehewillgoisunknown.Whytheyhavenotleftyetpuzzledme.Howwecangetthereisaproblem.1.______makesthisshopdifferentisthatitoffersmorepersonalservices.A.WhatB.WhoC.WhateverD.Whoever2.______Icanpaybackthehelpthatpeoplegivememakesmeveryhappy.A.Where

B.What

C.That

D.How3.It’snotclear________wasresponsiblefortheaccident.A.Who

B.What

C.How

D.ThatAEx.CA二．宾语从句

宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。1.作动词的宾语

(1)由that引导的宾语从句(that通常可以省略),例如：

Iheardthathejoinedthearmy.(2)由what,whether(if)引导的宾语从句，例如：

Shedidnotknowwhathadhappened.Iwonderwhetheryoucanchangethisnoteforme.(3)动词＋间接宾语＋宾语从句。例如：

Shetoldmethatshewouldacceptmyinvitation.2.作介词的宾语，例如：

Oursuccessdependsuponhowwellwecancooperate(合作）withoneanother.3.作形容词的宾语，例如：

Iamafraid(that)I’vemadeamistake.Iamsure(that)hewillwinthegame.4.it可以作为形式宾语

it不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。例如：

Wethoughtitgoodnewsthatthefoghadfinallygone.ⅡObjectclause★引导宾语从句的连词主要有:1.that引导的宾从

Shesensed

shewasbeingwatching.

Webelieveheishonest.

ItoldhimIwouldcomebacksoon.★单个的宾语从句中连词that可以省略.thatif/whether疑问词thatthatthat＊如果宾语从句是由and或是but连接的两个句子,那么要用2个连词分别引导两个句子,并且不能省略..Hesaidthathelikedrainverymuchandthathewouldnotuseanumbrella.2.if/whether引导的宾从

如果宾语从句为一般疑问句时,用if或whether来引导e.g.Iwonderif/whetherhewillcomeontime.★if和whether的选用1)从句是一般疑问句作动词的宾语,二者都可用;2)Whether…ornot搭配,不能用if;whether与if均为“是否”的意思。但在下列情况下，whether不能被if所取代：主语从句不能用ifWhetherhewillcomeisunknown.

2.表语从句不能用if，如：Thequestioniswhetheryoushouldacceptit.3.同位语从句不能用if，如：Thequestionwhetherhe’llattendthemeetingisnotdecided.4.从句作介词的宾语不能用if，如：I’mnotinterestedinwhetherthey’llgoornot.Itdependsonwhetherwehavegotenoughmoney.5.直接跟不定式连用，连词不能用if如：Shehasn’tdecidedwhethertogoornot.6.Whether…ornot搭配,不能用if用if或whether填空1.Idon’tknow__________I’llbefreetomorrow.2.Idon’tknow_______ornotI’llbefreetomorrow.3.Thequestionis______thisbookisworthwriting.4.Itdependson______wewillhaveenoughmoney.5.______theycandoitmatterslittletous.6._______youarenotfreetomorrow,I’llgowithoutyou.whether/ifwhetherwhetherwhetherWhetherIf3.疑问词引导的宾语从句Idon’tknowwhatIshoulddo.Idon’tknowwherehelives.Idon’tknowwherehe’llvisit.3.疑问词引导的宾从练习

1.Idon’tknow_________broketheglassyesterday.2.Weshouldpayattentionto______theteacherissaying.3.Theteacherasked______Iwasgettingonwithmyclassmates.

A.whatB.thatC.howD.if4.Wethought______strangethatshedidn’tcomeyesterday.A.thatB.itC.thisD.whatwhowhatCBdoubt用于肯定句，其宾从用if/whetherIdoubtwhetherhewillcometomorrow.Doubt用于否定句，疑问句，用thatIdon’tdoubtthathewillcometomorrow.Doyoudoubtthat…?5.虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用：Suggest,insist,require,order,request,demand,propose,advice+that主+should+V原形，should可省略。Hesuggestedthatameetingshouldbeheldatonce.HeinsistedthathenotbesenttoworkinTibet.ⅡObjectclause★宾语从句的注意点：1.单个的宾语从句中连词that可以省略.Webelieveheishonest.如果宾语从句是由and或是but连接的两个句子,那么要用2个连词分别引导两个句子,并且不能省略.

Hesaidthathelikedrainverymuchandthathewouldnotuseanumbrella.that3.宾语从句的语序问题，用正常语序1.Thephotographswillshowyou_________.

A.whatdoesourvillagelooklikeB.whatourvillagelookslikeC.howdoesourvillagelooklikeD.howourvillagelookslike2.Youcanhardlyimagine______whenheheardthenews.A.howhewasexcitedB.howwasheexcitedC.howexcitedhewasD.hewashowexcited3.Heasked_______foraviolin.（MET92）A.didIpayhowmuchB.IpaidhowmuchC.howmuchdidIpayD.howmuchIpaidBCD4.宾语从句的时态呼应1）.如果主句时态是现在时或将来时,从句谓语可根据句意需要而选用任一种时态.

a.他相信他的梦想总有一天会实现的.

Hebelieves____________________________________.

b.请告诉我你昨天这个时候在干什么.

Pleasetellme____________________________________________.hisdreamwillcometruesomedaywhatyouweredoingatthistimeyesterday2）.Hetoldme.

‘Iampreparingfortheexam.’Hetoldme.

‘Ihaveleftmyhometownformanyyears.

3）.老师告诉我们地球是圆的。

Theteachertoldus_________________.Hetoldmehewaspreparingfortheexam.Hetoldmehehadlefthishometownformanyyears.theearthisround主语从句与宾语从句练习1.Itnowappears______theyareinneedofhelp.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.how3.It______heislateforclass.A.maythat B.mightthatC.maybethat D.mightbewhat4.______knowsthetruthwilltellyouaboutit.A.WhothatB.WhoeverC.WhomthatD.Thatwho5.Youmustdowell______theteacherasksyoutodo.A.whichB.what C.thatD.where6.____hisdreamofgoingtocollegewillcometrueisuncertain.A.ThatB.WhetherC.IfD.Evenif三．表语从句

表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语＋连系动词＋表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be,look,remain,seem等。另外，常用的还有thereasonisthat…

和Itisbecause

等结构。例如：1)Thequestionis

_________

wecanmakegoodpreparationinsuchashorttime.2)Thisis____wecan’tgetthesupportofthepeople.3)Butthefactremains___wearebehindtheotherclasses.4)Thereason______heislateforschoolis____hemissedtheearlybus.whether/howwhythatwhythatⅢpredictiveclause引导表语从句的连词:thatwhether疑问词asif/asthoughbecausee.g.ThetroubleisthatIhavelostmykey.Thequestionis

whether

wecandoit.

That’s

because

wewereinneedofmoneyatthattime.Helooked

asif

hewasgoingtocry.That’s

why

Iwaslate.虚拟语气在表语从句中的应用：如果句子的主语是suggestion,advice.order,demand,require,proposal,等名词时,后面引导的表语从句用should+动词原形,should可省略.e.g.他的建议是我们应该马上完成工作.

1.Thereason_______wedidn'ttrusthimis______hehasoftenlied．★如果主语为reason,whythat表语从句连词只能用thatHissuggestionisthatwe(should)finishtheworkatonce.★此规则同样适用于同位语从句表语从句练习1.Thisis______shewasborn.A.whereB.whichC.thatD.what2.Thequestionis______wecan’tgotheretoday.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.when3.Thereasonhehasmadesuchgreatprogressis_______hehasneverwastedhistime.A.becauseB.whyC.thatD.what4.Myadviceisthathe______schoolbybike.A.gotoB.wouldgotoC.goestoD.wentto5.___shecouldn’tunderstandwas___fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.A.What;whyB.That;whatC.What;becauseD.Why;that四．同位语从句1.同位语从句的功能同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，修饰名词fact,idea,news,order，suggestion,等的同位语从句由that引导，不用which,that不可省。

同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。Ⅳoppositonclause引导同位语从句的连接词:that疑问词whether1.That引导的同位语从句：1)ThenewsthatIhavepassedtheexamistrue.2.Whether引导的同位语从句：1)Theproblemwhetherweshouldcontinuetodotheexperimenthasbeensolved.3.疑问词引导的同位语从句1）Wehaven’tsettledthequestion

wherewearegoingtospendoursummervacation.1.Thesuggestionthathe_____atthemeetingwasagreedtobymostpeople.A.shouldputforwardB.putforwardC.shouldlookforwardD.lookedforward2.Thesuggestionthatwe_____topicniconSundaywasagreedtobymostpeople.AwentB.wouldgoC.go

D.wereallowedtogoBC4.虚拟语气在同位语从句中的应用：名词demand,suggestion,proposal,advice

等词后的同位语从句的语气要用虚拟语气,结构为should+do,should可省略

5.同位语从句与定语从句的区别(1)定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。(2)定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述它的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行具体内容的补充说明。例如：1)ThenewsthathetoldmeisthatTomwouldgoabroadnextyear.（他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。）（第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语）2)ThenewsthatTomwouldgoabroadistoldbyhim.（汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。）（同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分）同位语：修饰名词的内容定语从句：对前面的名词进行修饰，限定。Thenewsthatourteamhadwoncame.同位语从句Thenewsthat/whichheheardwastrue.定语从句同位语从句定语从句that（连词）只起连接的作用,不充当句子成分that(关系代词)

充当一定的句子成分(主，宾，表）同位语从句与前面的名词是同位关系，表示这个名词的内容定语从句对先行词起修饰作用，表示“…的”。同位语从句的that一般不能省而定语从句中的关系代词that，当其在从句中做宾语时，常常可以省略that在同位语从句 与定语从句的区别（I）试比较下面两个例句:1.Thesuggestionthatheraisedatthemeetingisverygood.2.Thesuggestionthatthestudentsshouldhaveplentyofexerciseisverygood.（that引导定语从句,作宾语,可以省略）（that引导同位语从句,在从句中不担当任何成分，但不可以省略）

辨别下列从句是定语从句还是同位语从句1.Weheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon.2.Wemustfacethefactthatwehadspentallourmoney.3.Thenewsthathetoldmeyesterdaywasfalse.4.Ihavenodoubtthathewillcomesoon.

同位语从句同位语从句定语从句同位语从句practice高考再现1.(NMET1995)

isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It2.(NMET1996)

wecan’tgetseemsbetterthan

wehave.A.What,whatB.What,thatC.That,thatD.That,what3.(NMET2001春)Ireadaboutitinsomebookorother,doesitmatter

itwas?A.whereB.whatC.howD.which4.(NMET1997)It’sgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild

heorshewants.A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.wherever5.(NMET1999)–IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.-Isthat

youhadafewdaysoff?A.whyB.whenC.whatD.whereDADBA6.(上海2002)There’safeelinginme

we’llneverknowwhataUFOis-----notever.A.thatB.whichC.ofwhichD.whatA1.Itisimportantthat______oureducationinallavailableways.A.wemustdevelopB.weshalldevelopC.wewoulddevelopD.weshoulddevelop2.Itisnecessarythat______bytheendoftheweek.A.wegoteverythingreadyB.wehavegoteverythingreadyC.WegeteverythingreadyD.wemustgeteverythingready3.Itwasnaturalthat_______.A.mypictureswouldsurprisethemB.mypicturessurprisedthemC.mypicturesshouldsurprisethemD.mypictureswouldhavesurprisedthem4.Iwonder_______.A.whetherornotI’llcatchthelastbusB.ifornotI’llcatchthelastbusC.thatI’llcatchthelastbusornotD.thatI’llcatchthelastbus5.Weallthought______apitythatwehadmissedthelesson.A.soB.suchC.itD.that6.Itook______forgranted（想当然）thattheywerenotcoming.A.thatB.thisC.itD.so7.Iheard______saidthathehadgreatconcern（关心）forhisclassmates.A.andB.thatC.wasD.it8.IwishI______tothefootballmatchlastnight.A.wentB.goC.shouldgoD.hadgone1.Weallknowthetruth_____theearthgoesroundthesun.A.thatB.which C.whatD.whether2.Weheardthenews______ourteamhadwon.A.whichB.that C.whatD.where3.Theproblem______itisrightorwronghasnotyetbeendecided.A.whichB.that C.whetherD.if4.There’safeelinginme_______we’llneverknowwhataUFOis-----notever.A.that

B.whichC.ofwhichD.what5.Itremainsaquestion______wecangetsomuchmoneyinsuchashorttime.

A.howB.thatC.whenD.what综合运用：Theearthisround,_________isknowntoeverybody.as/which2.____isknowntoeverybody,theearthisround.As3.______theearthisroundisknowntoeverybody.That4.____isknowntoeverybodythattheeart