2021届高考英语总复习(练习):专题1第1讲语法填空Word版含答案_第1页
2021届高考英语总复习(练习):专题1第1讲语法填空Word版含答案_第2页
2021届高考英语总复习(练习):专题1第1讲语法填空Word版含答案_第3页
2021届高考英语总复习(练习):专题1第1讲语法填空Word版含答案_第4页
2021届高考英语总复习(练习):专题1第1讲语法填空Word版含答案_第5页
已阅读5页,还剩28页未读 继续免费阅读

下载本文档

版权说明:本文档由用户提供并上传,收益归属内容提供方,若内容存在侵权,请进行举报或认领

文档简介

.下载后可自行编辑修改,页脚下载后可删除。第一讲语法填空[全国卷3年考情分析]注:2021、2021年全国高考共3套试题,有的按甲、乙、丙卷分类,有的按Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ卷分类,其对应关系为Ⅰ卷—乙卷、Ⅱ卷—甲卷、Ⅲ卷—丙卷,本书按Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ卷分类,以下各题型同。[命题者说]语法填空是高考英语试题的一项创新,它将语法知识的考察融于一篇英语短文中,通过设置纯空格题和给词填空两种形式表现出来,突出考察学生通过语境运用语法知识的能力,更客观、准确地考量学生的语法知识水平。此题虽然只有15分,占英语全卷分数的十分之一,但也是英语考卷的重要组成局部,不可小觑。要想此题有好的发挥,学好语法,注重运用必不可少,这是根底;了解考点,掌握解题技巧才是确保得分的关键。近3年全国卷八套试题的语法填空局部充分表达了“实词考察为主,虚词考察为辅〞的命题原那么。命题形式分为有提示词和无提示词两种。1.有提示词有提示词的语法填空考察了动词的时态、语态、主谓一致;非谓语动词;形容词的比拟等级;名词的数;代词的格以及词类转换。(1)动词的考察是语法填空的重点,包括谓语动词和非谓语动词。近3年的八套试题对动词的考察比拟稳定,根本是每套3-5题,涉及的范围比拟广,几乎涵盖了除虚拟语气之外所有动词的用法。预计将来对动词的考察将一如既往地稳定,虚拟语气也应引起大家的注意。(2)名词、代词的考察每年都会涉及。名词主要考察单复数的变化,代词主要考察人称代词主格、宾格和形容词性物主代词的变化。在此提醒大家关注一下反身代词的考察。(3)形容词、副词的比拟等级偶有考察,近3年的八套试题中出现了两次,都是考察的比拟级。但最高级也应成为大家关注的对象。(4)词类转换的考察相对稳定,平均每套题两个左右,形容词变副词是考察的重点,另外,动词变为名词,名词与形容词的互变等都应在备考中多注意。2.无提示词无提示词的语法填空考察了冠词、介词、代词、并列连词、从句引导词、助动词以及语境填词。(1)冠词、介词主要考察根本用法及固定搭配;并列连词主要看前后的逻辑关系;助动词主要是疑问句或否认句;语境填词包括按固定搭配或逻辑关系选择适宜的词。(2)从句引导词指的是三大从句的引导词,包括定语从句的关系代词和关系副词;名词性从句的连接词、连接代词和连接副词;状语从句的连词。但是考察的比拟简单,只要搞清从句的根本用法大体都能做对。(3)另外,therebe构造与强调句型也应在备考中多关注。(2021·全国卷Ⅰ)Therehasbeenarecenttrendinthefoodserviceindustrytowardlowerfatcontentandlesssalt.Thistrend,whichwasstartedbythemedicalcommunity(医学界)61.____________amethodoffightingheartdisease,hashadsomeunintendedsid______(effect)suchasoverweightandheartdisease—theverythingthemedicalcommunitywastryingtofight.Fatandsaltareveryimportantpartsofadiet.Theyarerequired63.____________(process)thefoodthatweeat,torecoverfrominjuryandforseveralotherbodilyfunctions.Whenfatandsalt64.____________(remove)fromfood,thefoodtastesasifitismissingsomething.As65.____________result,peoplewilleatmorefoodtotrytomakeupforthatsomethi(bad),theamountoffastfoodthatpeopleeatgoesup.Fastfood67.____________(be)fulloffatandsalt;by68.____________(eat)morefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthantheyneedintheirdiet.Havingenoughfatandsaltinyourmealswillreducetheurgetosnack(吃点心)betweenmealsandwillimprovethetasteofyourfood.However,be69.____________(care)nottogotoextremes.Likeanything,itispossibletohavetoomuchofboth,70.____________isnotgoodforthehealth.[解题导语]本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了对于食物中的脂肪和盐分,人们的态度不一。脂肪和盐分对于安康来说是必不可少的,但如果人们摄入过多的脂肪和盐分,自身的安康将会受到损害。61.as解析:考察介词。分析句子构造可知,此处在句中作状语,表示“作为一种抵御心脏病的方式〞,所以填as,意为“作为〞。62.effects解析:考察名词复数。这种趋势产生了一些意想不到的副作用。根据空前的“some〞及空后的“suchasoverweightandheartdisease〞可知,此处指不止一种副作用,故用名词复数形式effects。63.toprocess解析:考察非谓语动词。berequiredtodosth.为固定用法。64.areremoved解析:考察时态和语态。本文的主体时态为一般现在时,此处亦应用一般现在时;又因fatandsalt是动词remove的承受者,应用被动语态。所以此处填areremoved。65.a解析:考察冠词。asaresult为固定搭配,意为“结果〞。66.worse解析:考察比拟级。短语evenworse意为“更糟糕的是〞,表示意义的递进。故用worse。67.is解析:考察时态和主谓一致。此处是对客观情况的描述,应用一般现在时;分析句子构造可知,该句缺少谓语动词,又因主语为Fastfood,故填is。68.eating解析:考察非谓语动词。介词by后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语,故填eat的动名词形式eating。69.careful解析:考察形容词。句意:然而,注意不要走极端。此处为形容词作表语,故填careful“留神的〞构成系表构造。70.which解析:考察非限制性定语从句。分析句子构造可知,此处为非限制性定语从句,空处指代前句的内容,且在从句中作主语,故填关系代词which。(2021·全国卷Ⅱ)In1863thefirstundergroundpassengerrailwayintheworldopenedinLondon.Itranforjustundersevenkilometersandallowedpeopletoavoidterrible61.____________(crowd)ontheroadsaboveastheytravelledtoand62.____________work.Ittookthreeyearstocompleteandwasbuiltusinganinterestingmethod.Thisincludeddigginguptheroad,63.____________(lay)thetrackandthenbuildingastrongroofover64.____________top.Whenallthosehadbeendone,theroadsurfacewasreplaced.Steamengines65.____________(use)topullthecarriagesanditmusthavebeen66.____________(fair)unpleasantforthepassengers,withallthesmokeandnoise.However,therailwayquicklyprovedtobeagreatsuccessandwithinsixmonths,morethan25,000peoplewereusing67.____________everyday.Later,engineers68.____________(manage)toconstructrailwaysinasystemofdeeptunnels(隧道),whichbecameknownastheTube.Thisdevelopmentwasonlypossiblewiththe69.____________(introduce)of__(success)ofthesenewlines,andwasopenedin1900.Ithadwhite­paintedtunnelsandbrightredcarriages,andprovedextremelypopularwiththepublic.[解题导语]本文是一篇说明文,介绍了全世界第一个地下客运铁路在英国开放及其逐渐开展成现在的地铁的过程。61.crowds解析:考察名词复数。因为crowd为可数名词,并且其前没有限定词,所以此处用其复数形式。62.from解析:考察介词。此处toandfromwork是指“当他们来回上下班时〞。63.laying解析:考察非谓语动词。分析句子构造可知,该句的主语为This,谓语动词included后由and连接了三个动名词短语作宾语。故填laying。64.the解析:考察定冠词。此处指的是在顶端建造一个结实的顶,所以在top前加the。65.wereused解析:考察动词时态和语态。因为是介绍1863年的事情,而且Steamengines与use之间为被动关系,故用一般过去时的被动语态。故填wereused。66.fairly解析:考察副词。此处fair是形容词,unpleasant也是形容词,所以要将fair变为副词来修饰形容词unpleasant,故在其前填fairly。67.it解析:考察代词。根据上文的“therailwayquickly〞可知,此处用it代替therailway。68.managed解析:考察动词时态。因为engineers与manage之间为主动关系,而且是发生在过去的事情,所以填managed。69.introduction解析:考察词性转换。由前面的定冠词the可知,其后应接名词,故填introduction。70.successful解析:考察词性转换。根据语境并结合空前的themost可知,空处表达最高级意义。故填successful。(2021·全国卷Ⅲ)Shelookslikeanyotherschoolgirl,fresh­facedandfulloflife.SarahThomasislookingforwardtothechallengeofhernewA­levelcourse.Butunlikeherschoolfriends,16­year­oldSarahisnotspendinghalf­term41.____________(rest).Instead,sheisearning£6,500adayas42.____________modelinNewYork.Sarah43.____________(tell)thatshecouldbeBritain’snewsupermodel,earningamilliondollarsinthenextyear.HerfatherPeter,44,wantshertogiveupschooltomodelfull­time.ButSarah,44.____________hastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,wants45.____________(prove)thatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.Sheisdeterminedtocarryonwithher46.____________(educate).Shehasturneddownseveral47.____________(invitation)tostaratshowsinordertoconcentrateonherstudies.Afterschoolsheplanstotakeayearofftomodelfull­timebeforegoingtouniversitytogetadegree48.____________engineeringorarchitecture.Sarahsays,“MydadthinksIshouldtaketheoffernow.Butatthemoment,school49.____________(come)first.Idon’twanttogettooabsorbedinmodeling.Itis50.____________(certain)funbutthelifestyleisalittleunreal.Idon’twanttohavenothingelsetofallbackonwhenIcan’tmodelanymore.〞[解题导语]本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了16岁的Sarah在上学的同时兼职做模特,并且取得了巨大的成功;虽然她父亲希望她当全职模特,但是Sarah仍然坚持要完成学业。41.resting,故填resting。42.a解析:考察冠词。该空后面model是可数名词单数,此处表示“作为一名模特〞,故填a。43.hasbeentold/wastold解析:考察动词时态和语态。此处动词tell与Sarah是被动关系,因为第二段在讲述父亲和Sarah的想法时都是用现在时,因此可以用现在完成时表达过去对现在的影响,故可以填hasbeentold。此外,“被告知〞这件事情发生在过去,故也可填wastold。44.who解析:考察定语从句。此句Sarah是主语,wants是主句谓语,因此可以判断此处是非限制性定语从句,先行词为Sarah,从句中缺主语且指人,故填who。45.toprove解析:考察非谓语动词。wanttodo是固定搭配,故填toprove。46.education解析:考察词性转换。形容词性物主代词her后需用educate的名词形式,故填education。47.invitations解析:考察名词单复数。invitation是可数名词,前面有several修饰,要用复数形式,故填invitations。48.in解析:考察介词。degree与介词in搭配,表示在某方面的学位。故填in。49.comes解析:考察动词时态。全文均为现在时,且school是第三人称单数,故填comes。50.certainly解析:考察副词。此处fun是形容词,应该用副词来修饰形容词,故填certainly。一、有提示词(一)提示词为动词“一定三思〞解“动词〞命题点1考察谓语动词假设句中没有别的谓语动词,或者虽然已有谓语动词,但需填的动词与之是并列关系时,所给动词就是谓语动词,就要考虑时态和语态,还要注意主谓一致和虚拟语气。[例如1](2021·全国卷Ⅰ)Whenfatandsalt64.____________(remove)fromfood,thefoodtastesasifitismissingsomething.[解析]areremoved考察时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子构造可知,64空所在的时间状语从句中没有谓语动词,故空处应填谓语动词。根据语境可知此处用一般现在时,由于主语fatandsalt是复数概念,且与remove是被动关系,所以填一般现在时的被动语态构造areremoved。[例如2](2021·全国卷Ⅱ)Later,engineers68.____________(manage)toconstructrailwaysinasystemofdeeptunnels(隧道),whichbecameknownastheTube.[解析]managed考察时态。分析句子构造可知,68空所在句的句中没有谓语动词,故空处应填谓语动词。因为engineers与manage之间为主动关系且从时间状语later和becameknownas...可知应用一般过去时,所以应填managed。命题点2考察非谓语动词假设句中已有谓语动词,又不是并列谓语时,所给动词通常是非谓语动词,就要确定是v.-ing形式,v.-ed形式,还是不定式。一般来说,v.-ing形式表示主动进展;v.-ed形式表示被动完成;不定式表示尚未发生的动作。[例如1](2021·全国卷Ⅱ)Thisincludeddigginguptheroad,63.____________(lay)thetrackandthenbuildingastrongroofover64.thetop.[解析]laying考察非谓语动词。分析句子构造可知,63空所在的句子中已有谓语动词included,且空处不与included作并列谓语,故空处应填非谓语动词。included后的dig,lay,build是三个并列的动作,根据digging及building可知,lay也应用动名词形式。[例如2](2021·全国卷Ⅲ)Butunlikeherschoolfriends,16­year­oldSarahisnotspendinghalf­term41.____________(rest).[解析]resting考察非谓语动词。分析句子构造可知,41空所在的句子中已有谓语动词isnotspending,且空处不与其作并列谓语,故空处应填非谓语动词。spendtime(in)doingsth.表示“花费时间做某事〞。[例如3](2021·全国卷Ⅲ)Skilledworkersalsocombinevarioushardwoodsandmetal43.____________(create)specialdesigns.[解析]tocreate考察非谓语动词。分析句子构造可知,43空所在句中已有谓语动词combine,且空处不与combine作并列谓语,故填非谓语动词。此处应用不定式作目的状语,故答案为tocreate。[例如4](2021·全国卷Ⅰ)Astudyoftravelers68.____________(conduct)bythewebsiteTripAdvisornamesYangshuoasoneofthetop10destinationsintheworld.[解析]conducted考察非谓语动词。分析句子构造可知,68空所在句中已有谓语动词names,且不与names作并列谓语,故填非谓语动词。study和conduct之间为被动关系,所以使用过去分词作定语。故答案为conducted。命题点3考察词类转换有时所给提示词虽然是动词,但是空格处既不是考察谓语动词也不是考察非谓语动词,而是要求进展词类转换。[例如1](2021·全国卷Ⅲ)Sheisdeterminedtocarryonwithher46.____________(educate).[解析]education考察词性转化之动词变名词。形容词性物主代词her应该用来修饰名词,educate的名词形式是education。[例如2](2021·全国卷Ⅰ)Havingenoughfatandsaltinyourmealswillreducetheurgetosnack(吃点心)betweenmealsandwillimprovethetasteofyourfood.However,be69.____________(care)nottogotoextremes.[解析]careful考察词性转换之动词变为形容词。be之后接形容词作表语,care的形容词形式是careful。(二)提示词为名词或代词“一同二变〞看“名、代〞命题点1考察名词、代词的数与格所给提示词是名词时,一般考察单复数的变化,偶尔考察所有格;所给词是代词时,一般考察人称代词变为物主代词。[例如1](2021·全国卷Ⅰ)Thistrend,whichwasstartedbythemedicalcommunity(医学界)61.asamethodoffightingheartdisease,hashadsomeunintendedside62.____________(effect)suchasoverweightandheartdisease—theverythingthemedicalcommunitywastryingtofight.[解析]effects考察名词复数。sideeffect副作用,由前面的some和下文中的两个例子overweightandheartdisease可知名词effect用复数形式effects。[例如2](2021·全国卷Ⅱ)Recent66.____________(study)showthatwearefarmoreproductiveatworkifwetakeshortbreaks67.regularly.[解析]studies考察名词的数。本句的谓语动词是show,说明空格处的主语是名词复数studies。[例如3](2021·四川卷)Bythattime,thepandanolongerneeded68.____________(it)motherforfood.[解析]its考察代词的格。此处表示“它的母亲〞,故使用形容词性物主代词修饰名词mother。故答案为its。命题点2考察名词的词类转换及人称代词变为反身代词所给提示词是名词时,有时考察词类转换,主要是名词变为形容词或动词。所给提示词为代词时,有时考察人称代词变为反身代词。[例如1](2021·全国卷Ⅱ)TheCentralLondonRailwaywasoneofthemost70.____________(success)ofthesenewlines,andwasopenedin1900.Ithadwhite­paintedtunnelsandbrightredcarriages,andprovedextremelypopularwiththepublic.[解析]successful考察词性转换之名词变为形容词。“oneofthe+形容词最高级+可数名词复数〞表示“最……的……之一〞,此处应填success的形容词形式successful。(nature)architects,thePuebloIndiansfiguredoutexactly50.howthicktheadobewallsneededtobetomakethecycleworkonmostdays.[解析]natural考察词性转换之名词变为形容词。结合空格后的architects可知应该用形容词作定语,修饰名词,因此填natural。[例如3](2021·咸阳模拟)WhenIgottotheexitagain,Ifound66.____________(I)drivingtotheplacewehaddrivenin.[解析]myself考察人称代词转化为反身代词。空格内的词与前面的I相对应,应是我发现“我自己〞,故用反身代词myself。(三)提示词为形容词或副词“二步思维〞破“形、副〞命题点1考察形容词或副词的比拟等级所给提示词是形容词或副词时,需考虑是否变为比拟级或最高级。[例如1](2021·全国卷Ⅰ)Even66.____________(bad),theamountoffastfoodthatpeopleeatgoesup.[解析]worse考察副词的比拟级。根据语境可知,此处表示程度的加深,所以用比拟级形式。evenworse更糟的是,可以看作固定搭配。[例如2](2021·辽宁卷)The68.____________(hard)youtrytobeathim,themorelikelyyouwillgethit.[解析]harder考察固定句式中的比拟等级。这里是“the+比拟级...,the+比拟级...〞句式,表示“越……就越……〞。故答案为harder。命题点2考察词类转换所给提示词是形容词时,还需要考虑形容词转化为副词或名词。[例如1](2021·全国卷Ⅲ)Itis50.____________(certain)funbutthelifestyleisalittleunreal.Idon’twanttohavenothingelsetofallbackonwhenIcan’tmodelanymore.[解析]certainly考察词性转换之形容词变为副词。此处应该用副词来修饰形容词fun,certain的副词形式为certainly。[例如2](2021·全国卷Ⅰ)Thetitlewillbe63.____________(official)giventomeataceremonyinLondon.[解析]officially考察词性转换之形容词变为副词。修饰谓语局部应用副词形式。故答案为officially。[例如3](2021·全国卷Ⅱ)Inadditiontotheirsimplebeauty,whatmakestheadobedwellingsadmirableistheir43.____________(able)to“aircondition〞ahousewithout44.usingelectricequipment.[解析]ability考察词类转换。空格前的their是形容词性物主代词,其后应该接名词。故答案为ability。二、无提示词“二步〞准填无提示词命题点1填代词无提示词的考察中,当句中缺少主语或宾语时,一般要填代词,主要包括人称代词、关系代词以及it的用法。[例如1](2021·全国卷Ⅰ)Likeanything,itispossibletohavetoomuchofboth,70.____________isnotgoodforthehealth.[解析]which考察非限制性定语从句的引导词。分析句子构造可知,空格处所填词引导非限制性定语从句并在从句中作主语,且指代整个主句的内容,故填关系代词which。[例如2](2021·浙江卷)Howwouldyoulike____________ifyouwerewatchingyourfavoriteTVprogramandsomeonecameintotheroomandjustshutitoffwithoutaskingyou?[解析]it考察代词。it指代ifyouwerewatching...askingyou这件事。命题点2填介词如果名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时,其前面一般是填介词。通常考察介词与动词、名词、形容词的搭配。[例如1](2021·全国卷Ⅲ)Afterschoolsheplanstotakeayearofftomodelfull­timebeforegoingtouniversitytogetadegree48.____________engineeringorarchitecture.[解析]in考察介词。关于某个专业的学位要用介词in。adegreeinengineeringorarchitecture工程学或建筑学学位。[例如2](2021·全国卷Ⅱ)In1863thefirstundergroundpassengerrailwayintheworldopenedinLondon.Itranforjustundersevenkilometersandallowedpeopletoavoidterrible61.crowdsontheroadsaboveastheytravelledtoand62.____________work.[解析]from考察介词。traveltoandfromwork上下班。故填from。[例如3](2021·全国卷Ⅱ)Whenthebusfinallycame,weallhurriedonboard.Igotaplacenext44.____________thewindow,soIhadagoodviewofthesidewalk.[解析]to考察固定搭配中的介词。此处是一个固定短语nextto,意为“挨着〞。故答案为to。命题点3填冠词如果空格后有名词而且两者搭配在一起表示泛指或特指含义,或者有序数词、最高级、表示特指意义的比拟级等形式,那么空格处一般是填冠词。[例如1](2021·全国卷Ⅱ)Ittookthreeyearstocompleteandwasbuiltusinganinterestingmethod.Thisincludeddigginguptheroad,63.layingthetrackandthenbuildingastrongroofover64.____________top.Whenallthosehadbeendone,theroadsurfacewasreplaced.[解析]the考察冠词。此处特指“地铁的顶部〞,故用定冠词the。[例如2](2021·全国卷Ⅲ)Instead,sheisearning£6,500adayas42.____________modelinNewYork.[解析]a考察冠词。句意:相反,她在纽约作为一名模特儿每天收入6500英镑。用不定冠词a表泛指。命题点4填并列连词空格处是否填并列连词主要是通过观察句子构造确定。这种情况一般是空格前后是两个并列成分,如两个主谓构造完整的词、句子、短语等,而且相并列的成分相互之间存在并列、转折、选择、因果关系。[例如1](2021·全国卷Ⅲ)InmuchofAsia,especiallytheso­called“ricebowl〞culturesofChina,Japan,Korea,41.____________Vietnam,foodisusuallyeatenwithchopsticks.[解析]and考察并列连词。这里列举了亚洲的一些国家,它们为并列关系,应用and。[例如evenafewmonths.[解析]or考察并列连词。句意:但是河流不是几天或几个月就改变了的。afewdays和afewmonths为并列关系,且此句是否认句,因此要用or连接。命题点5填从句连词从句连词是指三大从句的引导词,它们用来引导状语从句、名词性从句和定语从句。判断空格处填哪一类引导词,首先要看它所引导的是哪一种从句,然后根据引导词的种类和功能来确定填哪一个引导词。[例如1](2021·全国卷Ⅰ)Butmyconnectionwithpandasgoesback64.tomydaysonaTVshowinthemid­1980s,65.____________IwasthefirstWesternTVreporter66.permittedtofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild.[解析]when考察定语从句的引导词。分析句子构造可知,空格处所在的句子是定语从句。定语从句修饰前面的“themid-1980s〞,且从句缺少时间状语,故用when引导该定语从句。[例如2](2021·全国卷Ⅲ)Overtime,45.____________thepopulationgrew,peoplebegancuttingfoodintosmallpiecessoitwouldcookmorequickly.[解析]when/as考察状语从句的引导词。空格处引导时间状语从句,表示“当……时候,随着〞,应用when/as。[例如3](2021·全国卷Ⅰ)I’dskippednearbyGuilin,adreamplacefortouristsseekingthelimestonemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiver64.____________arepicturedbyartistsinsomanyChinese65.paintings.[解析]that/which考察定语从句的引导词。根据句意和句子构造可知此处是一个定语从句,因为先行词是物,且在定语从句中作主语,所以用that或which。[例如4](2021·广东卷)Ididn’tunderstand20.____________thiswouldhappenandmycreditcardhadalreadybeencharged21.forthereservation.[解析]why考察宾语从句的引导词。“我〞不知道/不明白________会发生这样的事情。不明白的一定是原因。故答案为why。命题点6填助动词或情态动词有时,我们需要用助动词来构成某些句式,如疑问句、否认句或强调句型等;另外,有时也需要根据语境填上相应的情态动词。[例如1](2021·全国卷Ⅱ)Thenthedriverstoodupandasked,“48.____________anyoneloseasuitcaseatthelaststop?〞[解析]Did考察一般疑问句式中的助动词。分析语境,此处指司机问“有人在上一站丧失手提箱吗?〞。这是一个问句,同时丧失东西的动作已经发生,应用一般过去时,因此填did。注意首字母要大写。故答案为Did。[例如2](2021·全国卷样题)Mum:Aretheythere?Oh,mygoodness.I69.____________haveputthemintherewhenthephonerang.[解析]must考察情态动词。结合语境可知,此处表示对过去发生的事情进展的肯定推测,故用must。命题点7其他语境填词无提示词的空格有时也需要根据固定搭配、逻辑关系以及句式构造填写适当的词。[例如1](2021·全国卷Ⅱ)So,getanearlystartandtrytobeasproductive65.____________possiblebeforelunch.[解析]as考察固定搭配。as...aspossible为固定搭配,意为“尽可能……〞。故答案为as。[例如2](2021·全国卷Ⅰ)ItwasraininglightlywhenI61.arrived,I’dbeenathomeinHongKong,with63.itschokingsmog.[解析]before/earlier考察逻辑关系。根据句意和“I’dbeenathome〞的时态可知此处表示“几个小时前,我待在香港的家里〞,“待在家里〞应该是发生在过去动作arrived之前,故此处填before或earlier均可。[例如3](2021·辽宁卷)Oh...,69.ifyoudon’tmind,I’llstopandtakeadeep70.____________.[解析]breath考察固定搭配。takeadeepbreath意为“深深地吸一口气〞,属于固定搭配,故答案为breath。,[学生用书P5])A(2021·郑州第三次质量预测)Beingraisedinafamilyofteachers,I1.____________(get)plentyofchancestoconnectmyselfwithliteraturesinceayoungage.SoIhavemanystoriesaboutmeandreading.Itwasmyfatherwhotookmeontheroadtoreadingandmademeappreciate2.____________(it)beauty.WhenIwasalittlegirl,heboughtmeabook3.____________(name)RomanceoftheThreeKingdoms.Iwastooyoungtoreadthisdifficultwork,somyfatherexplainedittome4.____________(patient).Fromthenon,Istartedtoenjoyreadingbooks.WhenIbecameamiddleschoolstudent,IbegantoreadsomesimplifiedEnglishclassicsonmyown.Sometimes,Iwouldwritedownmythoughtsand5.____________(feel)andsharethemwithmyfather.AmongallthebooksthatIreadduringmymiddleschoolyears,JaneEyreleftthe6.____________(deep)impressiononme.Iwashavingsomedifficultieswithmystudiesatthattime,7.____________JaneEyre’spersistence(坚持)andcourageinspiredmealot.Thankstomyreadinghabit,Imanaged8.____________(overcome)thedifficultiesofmystudies.Now,I’maseniorhighschoolstudentandverybusywithmystudies.ButIstillkeeponreadinginmysparetime.MymothertoldmethatIshouldbeabsorbed9.____________mystudies,butinmypointofview,Iregardreadingasanoasis(绿洲)thatcanmakemerelax.Recently,Ithoughtaboutthebenefits10.____________readingcouldbringus.Readingcanclearourmindsandmotivateus.Inaddition,wemaybroadenourhorizonsandgainmoreknowledgethroughreading.Ihopethatmystorycaninspireyoutostartyourownreadingadventure.[解题导语]本文主要讲述了作者和阅读之间的故事,鼓励大家多读书。1.havegot/gotten解析:考察动词时态。since意为“自从〞时,主句一般用现在完成时,从句用一般过去时。2.its解析:考察代词。修饰名词一般用形容词,故用形容词性物主代词its修饰名词beauty,作定语。3.named解析:考察非谓语动词。name和句子谓语bought之间没有连词,故用非谓语动词,且和其逻辑主语abook构成动宾关系,故用过去分词作后置定语。4.patiently解析:考察副词。副词修饰形容词、副词、动词甚至整个句子,作状语。故用副词patiently修饰动词explained。5.feelings解析:考察词性转换。根据and可知,此处和thoughts并列,故用feel的名词的复数形式feelings。6.deepest解析:考察形容词的最高级。与Amongallthebooks和定冠词the照应,此处用形容词的最高级形式,修饰名词impression。7.but解析:考察连词。根据语境可知,上下文表示逻辑上的转折关系,故用连词but。8.toovercome解析:考察非谓语动词。固定搭配managetodosth.意为“设法完成某事〞,故用不定式作宾语。9.in解析:考察介词。固定搭配beabsorbedinsth.意为“专注于某事〞,故用介词in。10.that/which解析:考察定语从句。that/which引导定语从句,在从句中作宾语,该从句修饰先行词thebenefits。B(2021·大连双基测试)Theoriginofteaislostamonghistoryandtales.Whatcanbe1.____________(rough)confirmedisthatteaoriginatedinthesouthwestofChina.Accordingtoancientstories,thefirstperson2.____________(discover)theeffectsofteaissaidtobeShennong—thefatherofagricultureandherbal3.____________(medical)inChina.It4.____________(say)thatShennongoncetried72differentkindsofpoisonousplantsinadayandhelayontheground,barelyalive.Atthismoment,henoticedseveralratherfragrantleaves5.____________(drop)fromthetreebesidehim.Out6.____________curiosityandhabit,Shennongputtheleavesintohismouthandchewed7.____________slowly.Afteralittlewhile,hefeltwelland8.____________(energy)again.Sohepickedmoreleavestoeat9.____________thusclearedhisbodyfrompoison.TheancientChinesemedicalbookcalledShennongBencaojingstatesthat“Teatastesbitter.Drinkingit,onecanthinkquicker,sleep10.____________(little),movemoreswiftly,andseemoreclearly.〞Thisthenwastheearliestbooktorecordthemedicinaleffectsoftea.[解题导语]本文介绍了“茶〞的起源。1.roughly解析:考察副词。副词修饰动词。故填roughly“粗略地〞。2.todiscover解析:考察非谓语动词。不定式短语作后置定语。故填todiscover。3.medicine解析:考察词性转换。形容词herbal“药草的〞修饰名词。故填medicine。herbalmedicine意为“草药〞。4.issaid解析:考察被动语态。根据语境可知,据说神农曾一天之内尝试了72种不同的有毒植物。Itissaidthat意为“据说……〞。5.dropping解析:考察非谓语动词。根据语境可知,此时,他注意到几片芳香的叶子正从他旁边的树上掉落下来。空处强调“正在掉落〞,故用drop的现在分词形式。6.of解析:考察介词。短语outofcuriosity意为“出于好奇〞。7.them解析:考察代词。根据语境可分析出,空处指代and前的leaves,指咀嚼“它们〞。故填them。8.energetic解析:考察词性转换。感官动词felt后应用形容词,故填energetic。9.and解析:考察连词。该空前后表示顺承关系,故用and。10.less解析:考察比拟级。此处与文中的“thinkquicker〞和“movemoreswiftly,andseemoreclearly〞为并列构造,故填less。C(2021·广西重点高中二模)Inhumanhistory,manyancientandsplendidcivilizationswerebornanddied.Chinaistheonlycountry1.____________uninterruptedhumancivilization.ChinesecivilizationwasbornontheshoresoftheYellowRiver.Andtherichland2.____________ChinesecivilizationbeganisHenanTheYellowRivergoesacross3.____________(center)Henan.ItisChina’smainnorth-to-southandeast-to-westartery(干线).China’smostancienttribal4.____________(lead),theYellowEmperorandtheYanEmperor,werebornhere.Eventoday,Chinesepeopleallovertheworldstill5.____________(proud)callthemselvesthedescendants(后裔)ofthesetwoemperors.Theriverholds6.____________unshakablepositionintheheartofeveryChinese,7.____________(respect)byeverygenerationandcalled“theMotherRiver〞.Withintelligence,hardworkanddetermination,Chinesedescendantspursueco-existenceandcommonprosperityonthisland.The5,446-km-longYellowRiverbreaksthelastbarrierandflowsintothebroadplain,Tillnow,theYellowRiver9.____________(raise)13dynasties’capitalLuoyang,8dynasties’capitalKaifengandthebiggesteconomiccenterin10.____________(it)area—Zhengzhou.[解题导语]本文是一篇说明文,介绍了黄河对早期黄河流域人类文明产生的深远影响。1.with解析:考察介词。中国是唯一一个拥有未被打断过的人类文明的国家。此处表示“有〞,故填介词with。2.where解析:考察关系副词。这片孕育了中华文明的肥沃土地就位于河南省。分析句子构造可知,空处在此引导定语从句,且在从句中作地点状语,故填where。3.central解析:考察词性转换。空处位于专有名词Henan前面,应填一个形容词作定语,表示“中心的〞。故填center的形容词形式central。4.leaders解析:考察名词。中国最早的部落首领炎黄二帝诞生于此。根据句意可知,此处应填复数名词leaders“首领,领袖〞。5.proudly解析:考察词性转换。空处修饰动词call,故用副词proudly。6.an解析:考察冠词。黄河在每一个中国人心中的地位都是不可动摇的。position“位置〞是可数名词,此处表泛指,故填不定冠词;且空处位于发音以元音音素开头的单词前,故填an。7.respected解析:考察非谓语动词。黄河受每代人的尊敬,被称为“母亲河〞。分析句子构造可知,respect与Theriver之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,故用过去分词作后置定语。故填respected。8.forming解析:考察非谓语动词。5446公里长的黄河冲破了最后的壁垒,流入广袤的平原之中,形成了中华文明的摇篮。分析句子构造可知,form与句子主语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,故用现在分词作结果状语。9.hasraised解析:考察动词的时态。黄河孕育了13朝古都洛阳,8朝古都开封以及其流域内最大的经济中心——郑州。由句中的时间状语可知,此处应用现在完成时强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响。10.its解析:考察代词。分析句子构造可知,空处在句中作定语,修饰area,此处应用形容词性物主代词,故填its。D(2021·武汉高中毕业生调研)Sendinggiftsvariesgreatlyfromcountrytocountry.InAustralia,Canada,theUnitedStates1.____________Europeancountries,sendinggiftsisrarelyexpected.Whileseenasanicegesture,itismoreimportanttoavoid2.____________(give)highlypersonalgiftssuchasclothing.Whenvisitingthehomeofacolleaguefromoneofthese3.____________(country),itisnormallyappropriatetobringagifttothehostess.InAmerica,4.____________(expense)giftsaredefinitelyout.Agood5.____________(choose)istotakethedeservingpersontodinner,orto6.____________entertainmentorasportingevent.7.____________thecontrary,giftgivingisatraditionalcustominJapan.InJapanthepropergiftisthought8.____________(express)thegiver’struefriendship,gratitudeandrespectfar9.____________(well)thanwordscan.SoifyouplantovisitJapanortohaveanyJapanesevisityouhere,beprepared.Australiaisknownforitsfriendlinessandinformality.Somodestgifts,suchasadiary,apaperweight,oracoffeecupmight10.____________(present)toafriend.Atatradeshow,T-shirts,ties,baseballcaps,orapinmaybeappropriatesouvenirs.Anythingmorethanthesetypesofgiftscouldcauseembarrassment.[解题导语]本文是一篇说明文,介绍了美国、日本、澳大利亚等国不同的送礼物习惯。1.and解析:考察连词。根据空前的“Australia,Canada,theUnitedStates〞和空后的“Europeancountries〞可知,空处前后为并列关系,故用并列连词and。2.giving,意为“防止做某事〞,故填giving。3.countries解析:考察名词的数。根据空前的these可知,可数名词country应当用复数形式。4.expensive解析:考察形容词。空处修饰后面的名词gifts,故用形容词形式。5.choice解析:考察名词。根据空前的形容词good和不定冠词A可以判断,空处应用名词的单数形式。6.an解析:考察不定冠词。该处泛指“一次娱乐活动〞,entertainment的读音以元音音素开头,故用an。7.On解析:考察固定搭配。onthecontrary为固定搭配,意为“与此相反〞。8.toexpress解析:考察动词不定式。此处表示“在日本,,意为“被认为……〞,故用动词不定式。9.better解析:考察比拟级。根据空后的than可知,该处用well的比拟级。10.bepresented解析:考察被动语态。该句主语modestgifts和动词present之间是被动关系,故用被动语态。专题强化训练1语法填空(一)[学生用书P85(单独成册)]A(2021·甘肃兰州高考实践模拟考试)ResearchersfromShandongUniversityineastChinaandtheUniversityofCalifornia,RiversideintheU.S.havecreatedpaperwhichcanstandtobereprintedon1.____________(score)oftimes,reportedtheDailyMailintheUK.Asheetofthespecialpapercanstandtobereprintedonup2.____________80times,accordingtothereport.Theprintmaterialisultraviolet(紫外线的),andtheprintedwordsandimagesdisappearwhenthepaperisheatedto120degreesCelsius.Thecoretechnologyissaidtobetheink,andanypapercould3.____________(make)reprintableifitcanbe4.____________(safe)heatedtotherighttemperature.ThechemicalsintheinkincludePrussianblueandtitaniumdioxide(二氧化钛).Thebluecomponent5.____________(lose)itscolorwhenbombarded(冲击)withelectrons(电子).Thespecialpaper6.____________(it)isbluebeforeprinting.Whenultravioletraysareusedintheprintingprocess,titaniumdioxideinthechemicalcompound(化合物)loseselectrons,7.____________arethenobtainedbythePrussianblue.Mostofthesheetlosesitsbluecolor,8.____________(leave)behindwords!Butthewordsonthepaperarereadablefor9.____________limitedtimeonly.Afterfivedays,thesheetofpaperwillhavereturnedtoitsoriginalbluecolorandthewordswillbegone.Theduration(持续时间)iseven10.____________(short)ifthepaperisheated,evenforonlyafewseconds.[解题导语]本文主要介绍了一项新的创造——可屡次复印的特殊纸张。1.scores解析:考察固定词组。scoresof为固定词组,意为“大量,很多〞,与times照应。2.to解析:考察介词。upto...意为“到达(某数量)〞,与80times照应,故用介词to。3.bemade解析:考察被动语态。make和句子主语paper之间构成逻辑上的被动关系,且与情态动词could照应,故用bemade。4.safely解析:考察副词。修饰动词应用副词,故用副词safely在句子中作状语。5.loses解析:考察动词时态和主谓一致。与上文include照应可知,此处应用一般现在时,且由主语Thebluecomponent为单数形式可知,应用loses。6.itself解析:考察代词。此处itself是反身代词,和句子主语Thespecialpaper表示同一物,起强调的作用。7.which解析:考察定语从句。which引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中作主语,修饰先行词electrons。8.leaving解析:考察非谓语动词。leave和句子谓语loses之间没有连词,且与其逻辑主语构成主谓关系,故用现在分词作状语。9.a解析:考察冠词。time作“一段时间〞讲时是不可数名词,但被冠词和形容词修饰时,表示具体的概念,故此处用不定冠词a修饰。10.shorter解析:考察形容词比拟级。此处的evenforonlyafewseconds和上文的Afterfivedays形成比照,由此可知时间更短,故用shorter。B(2021·长春监测二)Onthefirstdayofherwork,Sallyfoundthataclassfullofproblemswaswaitingforher.Shewastoldsixteachers1.____________(quit)beforeher.Whenshewalkedintotheclassroom,itwaschaos:twoboyswerefightinginacorner,yet2.____________restoftheclassseemednottonoticethem;somegirlswerechattingandsomewererunningaboutwithpaper,foodpackagesandothergarbage3.____________(leave)everywhere.Sallywalkedontotheplatform,4.____________(pick)upapieceofchalkandwroteontheblackboard:“Rule1:Wearefamily!〞Al

温馨提示

  • 1. 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
  • 2. 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等,如果需要附件,请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
  • 3. 本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸,网页内容里面会有图纸预览,若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
  • 4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
  • 5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
  • 6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
  • 7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。

评论

0/150

提交评论