2021-2022学年高中英语Unit21HumanBiologySectionⅡLanguagePoints（Ⅰ）W

.PAGE下载后可自行编辑修改，页脚下载后可删除。SectionⅡLanguagePoints(Ⅰ)(Warm­up&Lesson1)Ⅰ.单词拼写根据汉语或首字母提示，写出以下单词1．Thisweek,thecompanymailedoutitsannual(年度的)report.2．Ittookmesometimetodigest(领悟)whatIhadheard.3．Peoplewhocirculate(传播)falsenewsaretoblame.4．Whetherthebuildingsinthisareashouldbepulleddownhasremainedcontroversial(有争议的)．5．Theywenttoprisonbecausetheyviolated(违反)thelaw.6．Theintervalbetweenthepostsmeasuresthirtymetres.7．Idon'tknowwhetherIshouldswapseatswiththestranger.8．ChildrenneedtocompletenineyearsofcompulsoryeducationinChina.9．Thosewhoknowhowtotolerateotherscannaturallyleadahappylife.10．Freshairisfundamentaltogoodhealth.Ⅱ.拓展词汇根据词性或汉语提示，写出以下单词1．circulatevi.循环→circulationn．循环2．toleratevt.容忍→tolerantadj.宽容的；容忍的→tolerancen．容忍3．doubtv．&n.疑心→doubtfuladj.疑心的，不肯定的4．opposevt.反对→oppositeadj.相对的→oppositionn．反对5．contradictvt.与(其他事物)相矛盾→contradictionn．矛盾6．violatevt.违反，违背→violationn．违反Ⅲ.补全短语根据提示补全以下短语1．invain 徒然，白费力气2．atrandom 随便地；随意地3．atallcosts 不管多大代价，无论如何4．dueto 由于5．comeacross 偶然遇见6．contributeto 促成；导致7．insilence 沉默地；默不作声地8．moreorless 或多或少，大约9．outofbreath 气喘吁吁10．inuse (机械、场所等)在使用中Ⅳ.选词填空用上述短语的适当形式填空1．Wemustarrivethereatallcostsbeforemidnight.2．Icameacrossthisvaluablebookinanoldbookstore.3．Theirrigationcanalsthathadfallenintodisrepairareinuseagain.4．Theirinventionshavecontributedtothedevelopmentofelectricalengineering.5．Sheopenedthebookatrandomandstartedreading.eq\a\vs4\al([寻规律、巧记忆])n.＋­ful→adj.v.＋to→动词短语careful小心的helpful有帮助的useful有用的stickto坚持attendto专心；注意；照料seeto负责；注意背教材原句记句式构造仿写促落实1.IfAmericanathleteMarionJoneshadn'ttakendrugs，wouldshehavemadeittotheOlympicsatall？如果美国运发动玛里昂·琼斯没有服用兴奋剂的话，她能成功地进军奥运会吗？makeitto“能参加，出席〞，其中to为介词。Wedidn'tmakeittothepartyintheend.我们最终还是没能参加那个聚会。2.Unfortunately，itisnoteasytocatchathletesusingillegaldrugs.不幸的是，查出运发动服用违禁药物并不容易。catchsb.doingsth.“撞见某人正在做某事〞。Theteachercaughttheboycheatingintheexam.教师发现那个男孩在考试中作弊。3.Inthefuture,athleteswhohavetheirgeneschangedmightbeabletodothe100metresdashinjust8secondsorthemarathoninlessthantwohours.将来，改变了基因的运发动有可能创下仅8秒的百米纪录或不到两个小时的马拉松长跑纪录。havesth.done“使某事被做，请/让/叫别人做某事；经历，遭受某事〞。Shehadherpursestolenyesterdaywhenshewaswalkingaroundtheshoppingcenter.昨天逛商场时她的钱包被偷了。toleratevt.容忍；忍耐；容许(教材P34)Thesportsworlddoesnottoleratedopingasitisafundamentalformofcheating.由于它是根本的欺骗方式，体育界是不会容许运发动服用兴奋剂的。(1)tolerate(doing)sth. 容忍(做)某事(2)tolerancen. 容忍；宽容havenotoleranceof/forsth. 不能容忍某事物(3)tolerantadj. 宽容的；容忍的betolerantof/towardssb./sth. 忍受、宽容某人/某事①Icouldnottoleratetheirmakingupanyexcusesforwhattheydid.我不能容忍他们为所做的事情编造任何的借口。②Someplantsaretolerant(tolerate)ofextremeheat.有些植物能耐炎热。③Shehadnotolerance(tolerate)forherdeskmate'sshortcomings.她容不得同桌的缺点。seekvt.寻找；探求；追求；征求；试图vi.寻找；探求；追求(教材P34)Dopingisnotonlyaprobleminathletics，itispartofeverysportwhereathletesseektoachievebeyondtheirnaturallimitsandarepreparedtocheattodoso.服用兴奋剂不仅仅是田径运动的问题，也是有运发动想寻求取得超常体育成绩而准备欺骗的任何一项体育工程的问题。seektodosth. 设法、企图做某事seekafter/for 追求，探索seekthrough 找遍seekout 搜寻出；挑选出；找到seekone'sfortune 寻找发财时机，谋求出路①Allmenhavetherighttoseekafterhappiness.所有人都有追求幸福的权利。②Iseektoset(set)anexampleformycolleagues.我试图为我的同事做个典范。③Hesoughtoutashadyspotwherehemightsitdownandrest.他找到了一个可以坐下来休息的荫凉地方。invain徒然；白费力气(教材P34)FloydLandismadeseverallameexcusesblamingmedicinehehadbeentakingforaninjurybutthesewereallinvain.弗洛伊德·兰蒂斯做了几次站不住脚的辩白，责怪他因伤服用的药物，但是这些都是徒劳的。(1)vainadj. 徒劳；白费力气；空虚的； 无益的；自负的；虚荣心强的bevainabout/of 对……虚荣的/自负的/自以 为了不起的vainpromises 空头的许诺(2)vainlyadv. 徒劳地；不成功地；白费力地①Hemadealotofvainpromisesbutnevercarriedthemout.他做出了很多虚假的承诺，但从未兑现过。②Shewasvainof/abouthergoodlooks.她对她的美貌很自负。atrandom随便地；随意地(教材P34)Itiscompulsoryforwinnerstobetestedbutotherparticipantsareonlytestedatrandom.获胜者要强制性地进展检查，而其他参与者只是随意的检查。(1)randomadj. 胡乱的；随便的，任意的(2)onpurpose 有意地，成心地(反义词组)①Thisisonlyarandomsample.这只是随意抽取的样品。②Whydoyoucareabouthisrandomremarks?他只是随便一说，何必介意？③—Don'tthrowwastepaperatrandomoritwillmaketheclassroomdirty.——不要随便扔废纸，否那么会把教室搞得很脏。—I'msorry，Ididn'tdoitonpurpose.——对不起，我不是成心的。opposevt.反对(教材P34)Gene­therapyisverycontroversialandmanypeopleopposefurtherresearchintoit.基因治疗是一个非常有争议的问题，许多人反对对其进展进一步的研究。(1)oppose(doing)sth. 反对(做)某事(2)opposedadj. 反对的beopposedto(doing)sth. 反对(做)某事(3)oppositeadj. 对立的；在……对面的prep. 在……的对面n. 相反的人或物，对立物beoppositeto 与……相对，在……对面①SomepeopleopposecancellingtheNewYear'sEveholidayin2021.有些人反对取消2021年除夕假日。②Iamopposedtogoing(go)shoppingonSundaysforitistoocrowded.我反对星期天逛街，因为太拥挤了。③Thepeoplesittingopposite(oppose)uslookedveryfamiliar.坐在我们对面的那些人看上去很面熟。[名师点津]oppose＝objectto＝beagainst反对；oppose为及物动词，object为不及物动词，against为介词。contradictvt.与(其他事物)相矛盾(教材P34)However，ifagenerationofsportsstarswithenhancedgeneswerecreated，itwouldcontradictthewholespiritofsport.然而，如果一代有强化基因的运动明星被造出，这将有悖于整个运动精神。(1)contradictoneself 自相矛盾(2)contradictoryadj. 矛盾的；完全相反的becontradictorytosth. 与……相矛盾(3)contradictionn. 反驳；矛盾incontradictionto/with 与……相矛盾；与……相违背①Thewell­bredcontradictotherpeople.Thewisecontradictthemselves.教养良好的人处处和他人过不去。头脑聪明的人处处和自己过不去。②Hisprivateactionsareindirectcontradictionto/withhispubliclyexpressedopinions.他私下的行为跟公开的言论完全是两码事。atallcosts不管多大代价；无论如何(教材P34)TheOlympicspirit—thespiritofcompetitionwhichemphasisestakingpartratherthanwinning—hasbeenviolatedbythedesiretosucceedatallcosts.人们不惜任何代价来获胜的愿望违背了重在参与而不是获胜的奥林匹克精神。atanycost＝atallcosts 不管多大代价，无论如何atacostof 以……的价格atthecostof 以……为代价atcost 照原价；照本钱价①Shewouldliketofinishherprojectatanycost.她愿意不惜任何代价来完成自己的方案。②Heboughtacomputeratacostof5，000yuan.他买一台电脑花了5000元。③Hesavedthechildrenfromthebigfireatthecostofhisownlife.他舍身把孩子们从大火中救出。digestvt&vi.消化；吸收；领悟n．摘要，概要；文摘(教材P136)Itdigestsyourfoodandsendsvitaminsandmineralsintotheblood.它消化你的食物，将维生素和矿物质送入血液中。写出以下句中digest的词性及含义①Youshouldallowalittletimeafteramealforthefoodtodigest.vt.消化②Ihavedigestedmostoftheimportantpointsinthebook.vt.理解③Thedigestofthenovelincludedthemostexcitingscenes.n.摘要digestionn． [U]消化；[C]消化能力digestibleadj. 易消化的；口感好的；易理解的；可领会的digestiveadj. 消化的；和消化有关的①SomeofhistranslationswerepublishedinEnglishDigest.他有几篇译作发表在?英语文摘?上。②Ididalittleexercisetohelpmydigestion(digest)．我做了一点运动来帮助消化。[图形助记]vt.&vi.消化vt.理解，领悟n．摘要，(教材P34)Inthefuture，athleteswhohavetheirgeneschangedmightbeabletodothe100metresdashinjust8secondsorthemarathoninlessthantwohours.将来，改变了基因的运发动有可能创下仅8秒的百米纪录或不到两个小时的马拉松长跑纪录。【要点提炼】本句使用了“havesth.done〞句式，表示“使某事被做，请/让/叫别人做某事〞。其中过去分词done在句中作宾语补足语，表示被动意义。构造含义宾语与宾补的关系使/让别人做某事；使遭受动宾havesb./sth.doing使/让某人(物)持续地做某事，该构造用于否认句时，have意为“容忍〞主动havesb./使/让某人(物)去做某事主动①Myteacherhadmewriteashortpassage.教师让我写了一篇短文。②Ihadmybikerepaired(repair)yesterday.我昨天让人修了自行车。③It'scold.Weshouldhavethefireburning(burn)allthetime.天气冷，我们应该让火一直燃烧着。(教材P34)Takingthesedrugsisknownas“doping〞andalthoughtheyenhanceperformance,theyalsocauseserioushealthproblemsinlaterlifeforthosewhoabusethem.【分析】takingthesedrugs在句中作主语；beknownas表示“被称为〞；并列连词and后的句子中含有although引导的让步状语从句和who引导的定语从句。【翻译】众所周知，服用这些药物就是服用“兴奋剂〞，尽管兴奋剂有助于提高成绩，但同时也会给那些滥用兴奋剂的运发动招来日后生活中的安康问题。Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Thehousewassought(seek)throughbutnothingsuspiciouswasfound.2．Themotherhadthebabycrying(cry)allthemorning.3．Iswappedmyredscarfforherblueone.4．Thelibrariantookabookatrandomfromtheshelf.5．Thethiefbrokein,tryingtoopenthesafe,butinvain.6．Thecitizensopposedbuilding(build)suchafactoryinthisarea.7．You'vehadyourhousedecorated(decorate)withnewfurniture.8．Goodhealthisfundamental(fundament)ifyouwanttohavealonglife.9．Youneedn'tworry，hewillmakeit．10．Perhapsyoushouldbemoretolerantofyourlittlesister.Ⅱ.完成句子1．我试图使他与她和好，但白费力气。Itriedtomakehispeacewithher，butinvain．2．我不能忍受你被单独留下来。Ican'ttolerateyoubeingleftalone．3．我花了很长时间才把听到的东西弄明白。IttookmealongtimetodigestwhatIhadheard．4．如果我们乘车的话，我们在五点之前应该能出席那个会议。Ifwetakeabus,weshouldmakeittothemeetingbeforefive.5．到现在你应该理解这条交通规那么了，已经给你解释得够多了。Youshouldunderstandthetrafficrulebynow.You'vehaditexplainedoftenenough.条件句语境自主领悟先观察原句①IfPeterwasamoreskilfulplayer,hewouldhavescoredmorepoints.②BenJohnsonwouldstillbethe100metresworldrecordholder,ifhehadnotbeencaught.③Ifhehadbrokenthatrecord,hewouldbeaworld­famousrunnernow.后自主感悟1.①句中，从句表示与现在事实相反的假设，而主句表示与过去事实相反的结果。由此可知混合条件句可以用来谈论“非真实的、常常是想象中的现在状态，可能对过去有影响〞，其构成形式是：“if＋主语＋动词的过去式，主语＋wouldhavedone〞。2.②③句中，从句表示与过去事实相反的假设，而主句表示与现在事实相反的结果。由此可知混合条件句可以用来谈论“想象中的过去事件可能对现在有影响〞，其构成形式是：“if＋主语＋haddone，主语＋would＋动词原形〞。在英语中，我们一般把条件句分为两种，即真实条件句和非真实条件句。非真实条件句亦可称为虚拟语气。虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜想或建议，而不表示客观存在的事实。一、if条件状语从句中的虚拟语气IfIwereabird，Icouldfly.如果我是一只鸟的话，我就能飞了。Ifwehadstartedearlier,wewouldnothavemissedthetrain.如果我们早点出发，就不会错过这列火车了。Ifheshouldn'tcometomorrow,weshouldputoffthemeetingtillnextMonday.要是他明天来不了，我们将把会议推迟到下周一。[即时演练1]单句语法填空①IfMrDeweyhadbeen(be)present,hewouldhaveoffered(offer)anypossibleassistancetothepeoplethere.②Sorry,Iamtoobusynow,ifIhad(have)time,Iwouldcertainlygoforanoutingwithyou.③IfIwere(be)you，Iwouldgo(go)toseethefilmLostonJourney.④Ifyouhadworked(work)hardlastyear,youwouldhavepassed(pass)thetest.⑤Ifsheshouldcome/came/weretocome(come)tomorrow,Iwouldask(ask)herforhelp.二、混合虚拟条件句在虚拟语气中，虚拟条件句与主句所指的时间不一致(如一个是过去的，一个是现在的)，这时主、从句谓语动词的形式需要根据具体的时间来调整，从而构成混合虚拟条件句，即错综时间条件句。该句式中不仅仅存在时间的不同，更重要的是事实和假设的混合，其根本用法如下：1．想象的过去事件可能对现在或将来有影响句子时间意义谓语形式从句与过去事实相反haddone主句与现在/将来事实相反would/should/could/might＋动词原形Ifyouhadtakenhisadvicethen,youwouldbebetternow.如果你当时听取了他的建议，你现在会好些。Ifyouhadn'twatchedTVlatelastnight,youwouldn'tbesosleepynow.如果你昨晚看电视不看到那么晚，你现在就不会这么困倦。IfIhadspokentohimyesterday,Ishouldknowwhattodonow.假设昨天我对他说了，现在我就知道该怎么办了。2．想象的过去事件可能对现在正在进展的动作有影响句子时间意义谓语形式从句与过去事实相反haddone主句与现在正在进展的事实相反would/should/could/might＋bedoingIfIhadstudiedhard,Iwouldbestudyingincollegenow.如果我努力学习的话，我现在就在大学里学习了。Ifhehadn'tleftforShanghai,hewouldbehelpingmenow.如果他不去上海的话，他现在就帮助我了。Ifyouhadnotgivenmealift，Iwouldbewalkingintherainnow.如果你不让我搭车，我现在还冒雨走着呢。3．想象中的现在状态可能对过去有影响句子时间意义谓语形式从句与现在事实相反动词的过去式(be→were)主句与过去事实相反would/should/could/might＋havedoneIfIwereyou，IwouldhavegonetowatchtheExpothen.如果我是你，当时我就去看世博会了。Ifshedidn'tspeakafewlanguages，shewouldn'thavegotthatjob.如果她不会说几种语言，她就不能得到那份工作了。[即时演练2]单句语法填空①Wewouldbe(be)backinthehotelnowifyoudidn'tlosethemap.②MaybeifIhadstudied(study)science，andnotliteraturethen,Iwouldbeabletogiveyoumorehelp.③IfIwerenottomakeapreparationformyexperimentthismorning,Iwouldhavegone(go)toseethefilmwithyoulastnight.④Ifhehadlistened(listen)tome,hewouldnotbeinsuchtroublenow.⑤Ifyouhadnotstudiedtheproblemcarefully,youwouldfind(find)itdifficultnow.三、虚拟条件句的特殊用法1．省掉if的条件从句构造假设条件句把if省略，那么需要把were，had，should放在主语前，形成局部倒装构造。Hadyoutakenmyadvice,youwouldn'thavefailedintheexamination.(＝Ifyouhadtakenmyadvice,youwouldn'thavefailedintheexamination.)如果你听了我的建议，你就不会考试不及格了。2．含蓄虚拟条件句有时虚拟条件不用条件从句而用不定式、分词、介词、名词、连接词、定语从句、短语或上下文暗示(常见without，butfor，otherwise，or等表达)，此时句子的时态要依具体情况而定。Iwasbusythatday.OtherwiseIwouldhavegonetherewiththem.(＝IfIhadn'tbeenbusythatday,Iwouldhavegonetherewiththem.)我那天很忙，否那么，我就和他们一起去那儿了。Withoutelectricity(＝Iftherewerenoelectricity)，lifewouldbequit