专题16-第十六章定语从句（初高区别及衔接）（学生版）-2021-2022学年英语初升高衔接大串讲（牛津译林版2020）

第十六章定语从句初中知识回顾回顾：定语从句定语从句所修饰的词叫作先行词。定语从句放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词叫作关系代词(that,which,who,whom,whose)或关系副词(when,where),关系代词和关系副词放在先行词与定语从句之间，起联系的作用，同时又作定语从句的一个成分。.通常只能用that的情况(1)当先行词是不定代词all,fcw,littlc,much,somcthing.anything,nothing5cvcrything等时。(2)先行词被序数词、形容词的最高级以及被all,any,every,each,few,little,no,some,theonly,thevery,thelast等修饰时。(3)如果先行词既指人又指物，应用关系代词Ihat。.通常只用which的情况(I)引导非限定性定语从句，用关系代词which指代前面整个句子的内容。(2)引导非限定性定语从句，而且先行词指物时只能用which,不用that«(3)如果句中有两个定语从句，如果两个从句都可以用that引导，那么其中一个应改用which引导。.who,whom与whose引导的定语从句⑴如果先行词是指人的不定代词anyone,anybody,everyone,everybody,someone,somebody,nobody,one,ones,those,all(指人)等作先行词，作主语用who,作宾语用whom,不用which.o⑵在非限制性定语从句中，指人作主语用who,作宾语用whom,不用whicho(3)在定语从句中，作定语的关系代词只能用whose,它相当于thc+名词+of+which/whom;非限制性定语从句中还有“代词/数词+of+、vhich八vhom”结构。.关系副词where,when与why引导的定语从句它们相当于“介词+which”,其中where=in/at+which;when=at/in/during+which;why=for+whicho.介词+关系代词当关系代词作介词的宾语，且该介词不是和从句的谓语动词构成固定短语时，介词可以提前，这样就出现“介词+关系代词先行词指物，用“介词+which”,指人则用“介词+whom”,且两个关系代词均不能省略。介词的选择要遵循两个原则：根据定语从句中谓语动词与先行词的搭配内容而定；根据先行词的特殊用法而定。Litisthesamewithourlives.Thosechoosetoliveinpeacemusthelptheirneighborstoliveinpeace..“AnyonehasheardaboutSeattle'strainmaythinkthisiskindoffim/'McKaulaysaid..Theatersmayhaveabrighterfutureiftheycanprovideamovieexperiencepeoplecannotgetathome..Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinourcityinthepasttenyears.Everythingcomesintosightissonewto.--Whydon'tyoulikefishing?Fishingisahobbyneedsmuchpatience,butI'mnotpatientatall..RunningManisaveryrelaxingTVprogramishotamongtheyoungpeople.高中定语从句一.定义定语从句：在句子中起定语作用，修饰句中的名词或代词的从句。先行词：被修饰的名词或代词。结构：名词/代词（先行词）+关系代词/副词+定语从句强者连接主从句，指代先行词和在从句中作句子成分的三重作用二.关系代词引导的定语从句who/that：Ishethemanwho/thatwantstoseeyou?（在从句中作主语和宾语）冼行词为是人的名词或代词［whom：Heis（hemanwhom/who/thatIsawyesterday.（在从句中作宾语）whose：Theyrushedover（ohelp（hemanwhosecarhadbrokendown.（在从句中作定语）which/that:Aprosperitywhich/thathadneverbeenseenbeforeappears、先行词是事物的名词或代诃（在从句中作主语和宾语）inthecountryside.Thepackage（which/that）youarecarryingisabouttofalldown.whose:Pleasepassmethebookwhose（ofwhichthe）coverisgreen.（在从句中作定语）

考点一考查关系代词引导的定语从句Apersone-mailaccountisfiillwon'tbeabletosendorreceiveanye-mails.（天津卷）A.whoB.whomC.whoseD.whoeverManychildren,parentsareawayworkinginbigcities,aretakengoodcareofinthevillage.（安徽卷）A.theirB.whoseC.ofthemD.withwhomMyfriendshowedmeroundthetown,wasverykindofhim.（全国II）A.whichB.thatC.whereD.itWheneverImether,wasfairlyoften,shegreetedmewithasweetsmile.（山东卷）A.whoB.whichC.whenD.that三.关系副词引导的定语从句[when:Thereareoccasionswhen（onwhich）onemustyield.（介词+which）先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词where:Beijingistheplacewhere（inwhich）Iwasbom.（关系副词在从句中作状语）四.判断关系代词与关系副词四.判断关系代词与关系副词，L用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。2.准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。四.判断关系代词与关系副词，L用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词四.判断关系代词与关系副词，L用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。2.准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIstayedlastyear.Thisis（hemountainvillage（which）Ivisitedlastyear.TilneverforgetthedayswhenIworkedtogetherwithyou.I'llneverforgetthedays（which）Ispentinthecountryside.Thismuseumisyouvisitedafewdaysago.Thisisthemuseumtheexhibitionwasheld.A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词（who,whom,that,which,whose）：先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词（where地点状语，when时间状语，why原因状语）考点一考查关系副词引导的定语从句Mozart'sbirthplaceandthehousehecomposed“TheMagicFlute”arebothmuseumsnow.（上海卷）A.whereB.whenC.thereD.whichIt'shelpfilltoputchildreninasituationtheycanseethemselvesdifferently.（福建卷）A.thatB.whenC.whichD.whereLifeislikealongracewecompetewithotherstogobeyondourselves.（重庆卷）A.whyB.whatC.thatD.whereShe'llneverfbrgetherstaythere,shefoundhersonwhohadgonemissingtwoyearsbefbre.（四川卷）A.thatB.whichC.whereD.whenBecauseof（hefinancialcrisis,daysaregonelocal5-starhotelscharged6,000yuanforonenight.A.ifB.whenC.whichD.since五.关系代词that的用法1）不用that的情况a）引导非限定性定语从句时。例如：（错）Thetree,thatisfourhundredyearsold.isveryfamoushere.b）介词后不能用。例如：Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.我们依赖土地获得食物。Wedependon（helandthat/whichwegetourfoodfrom.2）只能用chat作为定语从句的关系代词的情况a）在therebe句型中，只用that,不用which。b）在不定代词,如：anything,nothing,theone,all,much,few,any,little等作先行词时，只用that,不用whichoIsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?All（hatisneededisasupplyofoil.所需的只是供油问题。Finally,thethiefhandedeverythingthathehadstolen（o（hepolice.那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察c）先行词有theonly,thevery修饰时，只用that。Mynecklaceisnottheonlythingthatismissing.d）先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。Thatisoneofthemostinterestingbooksthataresoldinthebookshop.Thefirstthingthatweshoulddoistogetsomefood.e)先行词既有人，又有物时。例如：Thewriterandhisnovelthatyouhavejusttalkedaboutarereallywellknown.六.定语从句中只用which而不用that情况①当关系代词前有介词时：Thisisthehouseofwhichthewindowsfacesouth.②引导非限制性定语从句只用Which。which可代表先行词或者前句，译成“这一点，这件事”。Tomcameback,whichmadeushappy.Hisdog,whichwasveryold,becameill.③先行词是that,those且指物时，关系词用which(>What'sthatwhichwasbrightinthecar?④一个句子两个定语从句，为避免重复，一个用that,另一个用which。LetmeshowyouthenovelthatIborrowedfromthelibrarywhichwasnewlyopentous.随堂练习一.单句填空n1984,Dr.MaryGroda-Lewis,wasthirty-fiveyearsoldthen,graduatedwithhonorsandrealizedherdrcam.2.Hesaid,U...Iaddedasmallmoustache,wouldaddagewithouthidingmyexpression/'3.Theact,forbidstrading,waspassedin1448andisstillinforce.4.Ourofficewasn'tfarfromChinatown,IfoundsomeverygoodChineserestaurants..Asmoreandmorepeopleownprivatecars,parkinghasbecomeabigheadacheformanycarowners,especiallyfbrthoseliveindowntownareaswithoutenoughparkingspaces..No\vmillionsoffansareeagerlyawaitingitseighthandfinalseason,startsonApril14..AfterlivinginAustraliafbrmanyycars,Louisefinallyreturnedtothecountryshewasborn.8/rhcrcarcperhaps40millioncompetitivetabictennisplayersandmanyordinarypeopleplaylessseriously..Hewasagreatscientistandanextraordinarymanworkandlegacywillliveonfbrmanyyears..ThatisanOxfordcollege,famousgraduatesincludethelateBenazirBhutto.1l.Butit,snotlikemanyothercountriesthereseemstobetensionamongthedifferentcultures..Then,afire,brokeoutin1969onCleveland'sCuyahogaRiver,shedlightontheproblemofchemicalpollutioninwater..Pupils,usuallycomefromthefifthorsixthgrade,aredividedintodifferentteamsandtrytowritedowneverywordaccordingtoitspronunciation.14.1amalreadylookingforwardtotheirnextvisitIcanshowthemmoreofwhatSevilleoffers.二.单句改错15.ItwillbetenmonthsbeforeIattendtheCollegeEntranceExamination,thatmakesmeworried.16.1haveanAmericanfriend,Marianne,shelivesalonebuthasapctdog,Sparky.17.Intheyear2013whichIwas15,1joinedanexchangestudentprogram.18.It'sablacksquaresuitcase,whatisjustasbigasaschoolbag.19.WhenIwas12,ImetMary.ShecametoChinawithherparents,whomtaughtEnglishinauniversity.Therewasalime1IwastiredoflearningEnglishanddislikedspeakingEnglish.Andthiswasthereason2_myfatherforcedmetojoinina30-day(raininginanEnglishclubbeforeIwenttoseniorhighschool.WhenIfirstcametotheclub,3Imetmanystrangers,!missedmyparentsverymuch.SoIpackedupmythingsandwantedtogohome.Fortunately,myguide,4teacherwasYuMinhong,communicatedwithmefacetoface,from5_Igainedsomeusefulinstructions.Healsointroducedagoodpartnertome,andwegotalongwellwitheachother.GraduallyIadaptedtothelifethere.EverydayIwouldtalktootherteenagersandsetdownaseriesofactivities6wedid.Ishouldbegratefultomyfatherand(heguide,7encouragedmetofallinlovewithEnglish.NowIfeelitinterestingtolearnEnglishjnto8Iputmyentireenergy.EverydayIreadmywordsandpassagesaloud.InclassIjoininEnglishdiscussions.BefbreIgotosleep.Irecallthepassages,through9Icanmemorizealargenumberofnewwords.10ourEnglishteachersays,“AslongasyouformthehabitoflearningEnglisheverydayandhaveperseverance,youwillmasterEnglishsoonerorlater.”..9.10.Xiamen,1(lie)inFujianProvince,isafamouscoastalcity.AsfarasI'mconcerned,Xiamenisverycleanandpretty.Inthatcity,wecanenjoytheclearsky,thebeautifulsea,2greentropicalplants.3XiamenisinthesoutheastofChinaandclosetothesea,it'sneithertoocoldinwinternortoohotinsummer.ThebestseasonstogotoXiamenarebothspringandsummer.Besides,4aresomefamoustouristsitesinXiamen.AndthemostbeautifulscenicspotisGulangyuIsland.Wecanvisitforeignbuildings,nicegardens,beautifulparks,and(raditionalmuseumsthere.5weareinXiamen,6wecan'tmissistogotoGulangyuIsland,7wewon'thaveagoodtime.However,inrecentyears,Xiamenhasbecomealotmor