培根筑基15-课下全面练（原卷版）必修第三册UNIT4SPACEEXPLORATION

培根筑基15..课下全面练必修第三册UNIT4SPACEEXPLORATIONI.阅读理解A[2022•贵阳四校高三联考二]NASAastronautBruceMcCandlessIIhasdied.Youmaynotknowhisname,butyou'veprobablyseenhiminoneofthemostfamouspicturesevertakeninspace.In1984,McCandlesscarriedajet-poweredbackpackandflewawayfromiheshuttle,byhimself,untethered（不被绳索捆束的）,withtheEarthasabackground.Itwasthefirsttimethatanastronauthadeverfloatedfreelyinspace,andMcCandlesshelpeddevelopthetechnology.BruceMcCandlesshadbeenanastronautforalongtimebeforehefirstflewinspaceaboardtheshuttle.HewasoneoftheoneswhocommunicatedwiththecrewofApollo11.Whilehewaswaitinghisturntoflyinspace,hehelpeddesignwhatbecametobeknownastheMannedManeuveringUnit-abackpackpropulsiondevicethatgaveastronautsmobilityforextravehicular（舱外的）activitiesoutsidetheshuttle.McCandlessfirstwenttospacein1984aboardtheshuttleChallengerandtookthesejet-poweredbackpacksalong.Duringthemission,McCandlessclimbedintothe300-poundcontraption（奇特的装置）andslowlyeasedoutoftheshuttle'scargobayascontrollerslookedon.ItwasfrighteningseeingMcCandlessoutinspacebyhimself.RelativetotheEarth,hewasflyingatalmost18,000milesperhour.Butrelativetotheshuttle,hewasmovingatonefootpersecond.Hesaidhewasn'tnervous.Hefounditeasy.Hehadtrainedforthatmomentforyears,readyforanything.Bytheendofthatspacewalk,hehadmovedlittlemorethan300feetawayfromtheshuttlewhenthefamouspicturewastaken.McCandlesssaidhewasmostproudthatchildrencameuptohimlaterinlifetosaythey'dseenthepicture.Hehopeditwouldinspirethenextgenerationofexplorers.BruceMcCandlessshowedtheway.Hefinishedsecondinhisclassof899attheU.S.NavalAcademyandusedhisengineeringskillstomakespaceflightsafer.Heoncesaidthefirstuntcthcrcdspacewalkwasamixofpersonalexcitementandprofessionalpride.WhatcanwelearnaboutMcCandless?Hewasthefirstmantoflyoutofthespacecraft.Hisspacewalkwasnotattachedtotheshuttle.Hisnamewasfamiliartothepublic.Hewasfondoftakingphotos.WhatdidMcCandlessdobeforehisspacetravel?HeinventedtheshuttleChallenger.Hehelpeddesignjet-poweredbackpacks.HeworkedasacrewmemberofApollo11.HetrainedastronautsattheU.S.NavalAcademy.HowdidMcCandlessfeelduringhisspacewalk?A.Calm.B.Stressed.C.Fortunate.D.Exhausted.What'sMcCandlessmostproudof?Beingknownbychildren.Beingchosenasanastronaut.Havingagoodperformanceinschool.Makingacontributiontospacetechnologies.B[2022•唐山市二模]A293-million-milejourneyoftheNASAPerseverancerover（探测器）toMarsendedsuccessfullyonFebruary18,2021,withapicture-perfectlandinginsidetheJezeroCrater.Thecar-sized,six-wheeledrover,nicknamedPercy,istheUSspaceagency'sbiggestandmostadvancedexplorertodate.Itsprimarymissionistosearchforsignsofancientmicrobial（微生物的）lifeonMars.LandingonMarsisextremelytricky.TheRedPlanet'sgravitational（引力的）pullcausesapproachingspacecrafttogofastertohighspeeds,whileitsthinatmosphere—just1percentthatofEarth's—doeslittletohelpslowitdownasitapproachesthesurface.ThescientistshadtoreducePercy's12,000mphspeedtoasafelandingspeedoflessthanfivemph-injustsixandahalfminutes.Thetargetentryanglealsohadtobeaprecise12degrees-anysteeper,andthespacecraftwouldburnup;anyflatter,anditwouldgetlostinspace.Itisnowonderthatthefinalapproachisoftenreferredtoasthe“sevenminutesofterror”.Uponattainingamanageablespeed,PercybrieHyflewovertheMartiansurfacetoseekouttheperfectlandingspot.Itscomplexmap-readingsystemrapidlyscannedtheareaandmatcheditwithmapsinitsdatabasetofindthebestlocation.TheNASAscientistswillspendthenexttwomonthstestingPercy'sscientificinstruments.Onceready,theroverwillbegintocarryoutitsmission.uPerseveranceisthesmartestrobotevermade,butconfirmingthatmicrobiallifeonceexistedcarriesanunusuallylargeburdenofproof,“saidLoriGlaze,directorofNASA'sPlanetaryScienceDivision.uWhilewe'lllearnalotwiththegreatinstrumentswchaveaboardtherover,itmayverywellrequirethefarmorewell-equippedlaboratoriesanddelicateinstrumentsbackhereonEarthtotelluswhetheroursamples（样本）carryevidencethatMarsonceharboredlife.vWhatistheextraordinarychallengefortherovertolandonMars?Thespeedreduction.Theatmosphereanalysis.Thelocationsearch.Thetimemanagement.WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?Waystofindthepreciseentryangle.Consequencesofwrongentrydegree.Factorstosurvive“thesevenminutes”.D.Reasonsforthenecessityofspeedreducing.Whatdocs“it”refertoinParagraph4?A.Thespot.B.Thearea.C.Thesystem.D.Thesurface.WhatcanbeinferredfromLoriGlaze'swords?Instrumentsaboardtheroverarenotquitereliable.Perseveranceisabletocollectenoughevidenceneeded.ManstillhasalongwaytogotoprovelifewasonMars.SamplesofMarswillbereturnedsoontoourlabsontheEarth.n.七选五[2022•海口市调研考试]HowtostopLifeGettingYouDownThere'sasaying一"Ifyouandeveryoneelsethrewyourproblemsontothepile,you'dtakeyoursbackimmediatelyonceyousaweveryoneelse^s.^^jOthersareprobablydealingwiththeirownproblemsjustlikeyou.Sowhenthingsstarttogetyoudown,howcanyoupickyourselfbackup?2Ifyou'restrugglingorfeelingdown,alwaysrememberthatyoudon'thavetobealone.Youdon'tneedtobeonyourown,either.3Ifyoudon'tfeelabletotalktofriendsorfamily,you'llfindsupportgroupsthatcanprovideyouwithideasoratleastlistentoyou.You'llalsofindthatonlineforums（论坛）andsocialmediasitescanprovideopportunitiestoconnectandaskforhelp.Tryoutanewhobby.Hobbiesdon'tjustfilltime;theyalsohelptogiveyouasenseofpurpose.Tryoutanewsport,learntodanceorperhapsjoinachessclub.Manyhobbiesalsoprovideopportunitiesforsocialinteraction.4Trytoappreciatethelittlethings.Thosethathavebouncedbackfromaseriousillnessoftenstatethatthey'vebeengivenanewchanceoflifeandthattheywakeupeachmorningfeelinggratefulforjustbeingabletowakeup.5Gooutfordinnerandmakeeffortstotrulyappreciateyourmealorliebackonyourbed,surroundedbytotalsilence,andsimplyfocusonhowitfeelstobreatheandtorelax.Ifyoucan'tfocusonthesilence,youcaninsteadchoosebackgroundnoise.Reachout.Turntoyourfriendsorfamily.Badexperiencesarepartoflifeforusall.Friendswillbehappytohelpandmakeyoujoyful.E.Enjoythebeautyofaflowerorasimplesunnyday.Talkingandmakingnewfriendswillraiseyourspirits.Anewattitudetoordinarylifecanmakeyoufeelmorepositive.in.语法填空[2022•郑州市第二次质量检测]Aftertraveling1.spaceforsevenmonths,China'sTianwcn-1probe(探测器)hasreachedMarsand2.(smooth)enteredtheorbitonFebruary10,2021,accordingtoChinaNationalSpaceAdministration.Theadministrationalsopublishedablack-and-whitepictureofMarstakenbyT