培根筑基10-课下全面练必修第二册UNIT4HISTORYANDTRADITIONS

培根筑基10■•课下全面练必修第二册UNIT4HISTORYANDTRADITIONSI.阅读理解A[2022•海口市高考调研考试]Enjoyamazing360-degreeviewsoverLondonfromtheLondonEye,arotating（旋转的）observationwheelwhichis135metershigh.Spotsomeofthecapital'smostfamouslandmarks,includingBigBen,theHousesofParliamentandBuckinghamPalace.HowlongdoesittaketogetroundtheLondonEye?Thegradualrotationinoneofthe32high-techglasscapsulestakesapproximately30minutesandgivesyouanever-changingviewofLondon.Youcanskipmostofthequeueswithafast-trackticket.WhereistheLondonEyeandhowdoIgetthere?TheLondonEyeislocatedontheSouthBankoftheRiverThames.ThenearestlubestationisWaterloo,butCharingCross,WestminsterandEmbankmentarealsoashortwalkaway.SeveralbusroutesstopneartheLondonEye.HowtobookLondonEyetickets?TicketstotheLondonEyemustbepre-bookedontheInternetwithintheprescribedtimelimit.PricesChildticket:From£23.00perticket.Adultticket:From£28.00perticket.Childrenunderthreeyearsoldenterfree.OpeninghoursTheLondonEyeopeningtimevariesthroughouttheyear.Typicallytheattractionopensat10am.andclosesbetween6pmand8：30pm.Makesureyoucheckitbeforeyourvisittogetthebestexperience.ImportantinformationWeencourageyoutoarriveattheattractionasearlyaspossible,inordertoallowmoretimeforsecuritychecks.PleasenoteitemsthatCANandCANNOTsaidonboard.WhatdoweknowabouttheLondonEye?Ithasfixedopeninghours.Noqueuingisneededtotakeit.Arideonitlakesabouthalfanhour.ItliessomedistanceawayfromWaterloo.WhatisamusttopayavisittotheLondonEye?Bookingticketsonlineinadvance.Takingnoitemsonboard.Beingaccompaniedbyanadult.Arrivingattheattractionahead.Howmuchshouldacouplewiththeirsonaged5anddaughteraged2paytovisittheLondonEye?A.Atleast£56.B.Atleast£74.C.Atleast£79.D.Atleast£102.BAsapopularsubjectofstudyamongevolutionaryecologists,thethree-spinedstickleback（三刺鱼）isknownfortheirdifferentshapes,sizes,andbehaviours—theycanevenliveinbothseawaterandfreshwater,andunderawiderangeoftemperatures.Butwhatmakesthat?Theresearcherstrackedsixpopulationsofthefishbeforeandafterseasonalchangestotheirenvironment,usinggenomesequencing（基因组测序）.Seasonalchangesresultingreatchangesinhabitatstructureandbalanceofsaltandfreshwater,andonlythosefishabletotoleratetheserapidchangessurviveintothenextseason.“Thesechangesprobablyresemblethehabitatshiftsexperiencedbysticklebackpopulationsduringthepast10,000years,“saysProfessorBarrett."Wehopetogaininsightintothegeneticchangesthatmayhaveresultedfromnaturalselectionlonginthepast.”Remarkably,theresearchersdiscoveredtheevidenceofgeneticchangesdrivenbytheseasonalshiftsinhabitats,whichmirroredthedifferencesfoundbetweenlong-establishedfreshwaterandsaltwaterpopulations.“Thesegeneticchangesoccurredinindependentpopulationsoverasingleseason,highlightingjusthowquicklytheeffectsofnaturalselectioncanbedetected,MsaysProfessorBarrett,4ithefindingssuggestthatwemaybeabletousethegeneticdifferencestopredicthowpopulationsmayadapttothecnvironmcnt.^^Theresearchemphasizestheimportanceofstudyingspeciesindynamicenvironmentstogainabetterunderstandingofhownaturalselectionoperates.Inthefurtherresearch,theyplantoinvestigatehowrepeatabletheobservedgeneticchangesare,bytestingwhethertheyshowupyearafteryear.Doingsowoulddemonstratetheirabilitytoreliablyforecasttheevolutionaryfutureofthesepopulations.Whatdocstheunderlinedword“that"refertoinParagraph1?Thethree-spinedsticklebackisunderawiderangeoftemperatures.Thethree-spinedsticklebackispopularwithevolutionaryecologists.Thethree-spinedsticklebackcanadapttodifferentlivingconditions.Thethree-spinedsticklebackhasdifferentshapes,size,andbehaviours.WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?Thedifficultiesoftheresearch.Thepurposeoftheresearch.Thebackgroundoftheresearch.Themethodsoftheresearch.Whatisthemainreasonforthethree-spinedstickleback'ssurvival?Habitatshifts.Geneticchanges.Seasonalchanges.Independentpopulations.Whywillscientistsstudytherepetitionofthegeneticchanges?Toknowwhatnaturalselectionis.Tostudyspeciesindynamicenvironments.Totestthereliabilityofthepresentdiscoveries.Toforecasttheevolutionaryfutureofcertainspecies.n.七选五[2022•成都市第三次诊断|Ilcanbeveryeasytostickwithwhatyouknow,insteadoftryingtomeetpeoplewhoaredifferentfromyou.]Here'swhatyoucando：Becomeself-aware.2Thisincludesbias（偏见）aboutyourownculturalbackground.Itcanbechallenging,butbydoingthisyou'llbeabletothinkabouthowthesetraitsmightimpactonyourapproachtounderstandingdifferences.Youcouldtry:Thinkaboutwhatassumptionsyoumakeaboutyourfriends,peers,andpeopleyouworkwith.Talktosomeonefromadifferentculturalbackground.Tryandgettoknowsomeonefromadifferentculturalbackgroundbetter.3You'llautomaticallyfindoutmoreabouttheirlifeandexperiences.Justbeingcuriousandopen-mindedcanbehelpful.Bemoreaccepting.Sometimes,foronereasonoranother,it'snotallthateasytounderstandsomeculturaldifferences.4Inotherwords,youdon*thavetounderstand,orevenagreewithsomeoneinordertoacceptthem.5Oneofthebiggestdifficultiestoovercomeinunderstandingculturaldifferencesismakingjudgmentsbasedononeopinion.Youshoulddosomeresearchtoactuallylearnaboutpeople,insteadofmakingbroad-brushassessments.Stereotyping（对形成模式化的看法）peoplefromdifferentculturalbackgroundscanimpacttheirqualityoflifeandopportunities.Doyourownresearch.Thinkbeyondstereotypes.Practicebeingsympathetictowardspeople.Workoutyourownbeliefs,valuesandpersonalbias.Insteadofaskingthemquestionsdirectly,treatthemasfriends.Andthebestapproachistoacknowledgepeoplearedifferentandtoacceptthatisokay.However,tryingtounderstandpeoplefromothercountriescanhelpyouexperiencemore.in.语法填空[2022•东北三校模拟]InChina,fooddeliverymenarealwaysin1.rushbetweentrafficregardlessofwindorrain.2.theymakeourlifemoreconvenient,thiscancomeatacosttothem.Onfooddeliveryserviceplatforms,thetimelimitiscalculatedbyanalgorithm(算法).Butitdoesn'tconsiderreal-life3.(situation),suchasredlightsandspeedlimits.Fordeliverymen,delaymeansadecreaseinpay.Sotheyspeedupandoftenbreaktrafficrules,4.(put)notonlytheirownlivesatrisk,butalsothelivesofothers.Manypeoplescoldedtheplatformsandaskedthemtoimprovetheregulationsondelivery.5.response,Elcmeannouncedthatitwouldaddabuttontotheapp,6.allowscustomerstoextendthetimelimit.Butthiscreatedmore7.(heat)debate,assomefeltthecompanywasdistractingattention.TheShanghaiConsumerCouncilcommentedthatthemovewasnotreasonable,addingthattheproblemsshould8.(settle)betweenthecompaniesandtheiremployees.Also,evenwiththeability9.(allow)moretimefordelivery,someusersfeltthiswouldnot10.(full)addresstheproblems.详解答案I.阅读理解A语篇类型：应用文主题语境：人与社会——旅游——伦敦眼【语篇解读】本文不仅介绍了参观伦敦眼需要注意的一些事项以及不同年龄群体的票价，还介绍了伦敦眼的其他相关信息。.答案与解析：C考查理解具体信息的能力。根据第二段中的“Thegradualrotationinoneofthe32high-techglasscapsulestakesapproximately30minutesandgivesyouanever-changingviewofLondon”可知，答案为C项。.答案与解析：A考查理解具体信息的能力。根据HowtobookLondonEyetickets?中的“TicketstotheLondonEyemustbepre-bookedontheInternetwithintheprescribedtimelimit”可知，此处must对应题干中的amust。故选A项。.答案与解析：C考查简单计算的能力。根据Prices部分中提供的信息可知，两个成人至少需要56英镑，五岁儿子至少需要23英镑，两岁女儿免费。故答案为C。B语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与社会——科学发现——三刺鱼通过基因改变适应环境【语篇解读】本文主要讲述了研究人员通过跟踪记录发现，三刺鱼可以在不同的环境中存活是由于其基因改变。.答案与解析：C考查理解词汇的能力。代词一般指代上文中提到的内容，根据语境可知，that指代上文中的“theycanevenliveinbothseawaterandfreshwater,andunderawiderangeoftemperatures"。故C项”它们可以适应不同的生存环境”正确。.答案与解析：D考查理解段落主旨要义的能力。根据第二段中的“研究人员利用基因组测序，在它们生存环境季节性变化前后跟踪记录了6个种群的鱼类”可知，本段主要讲到了研究方法。故D项正确。.答案与解析：B考查推断的能力。根据第四段中的“Remarkably,theresearchers...theseasonalshiftsinhabitats”可推知，三刺鱼之所以能够生存下去,其主要原因就在于为了生存所做的基因改变。故B项正确。.答案与解析：D考查理解具体信息的能力。根据最后一段中的“Doingsowould...theevolutionaryfutureofthesepopulalions”可知，科学家研究基因改变的重复是为了预测未来某些物种的进化前景。故D项正确。H.七选五语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与社会——人际沟通——文化差异【语篇解读】本文主要论述了几种降低文化差异影响、让交流沟通更和谐的方法，包括了解自己、与来自不同文化背景的人交谈和不要观念固化等。.答案与解析：G考查上下文衔接。根据上句可知，坚持你所知道的而不是去结识与你不同的人，这很容易。结合下文内容可知，空处应是一个转折句，起到承上启下的作用，说明尽力理解来自其他国家的人可以给你带来好处。所以G选项符合语境。.答案与解析：D考查上下文衔接。根据该段首句“Becomeself-aware”可知，该段主要陈述要了解自己；根据空处下句“Thisincludesbias（偏见）aboutyourownculturalbackground”可知，这包括对自己文化背景的偏见。据此可以判断，空处应与偏见有关。D项中的“bias”与空处下句中的“bias”对应。故D项正确。.答案与解析：E考查上下文衔接。根据空处下句可知，你会自然而然地了解到更多关于他们的生活和经历的信息。结合常识可知，空处应说要像朋友一样对待他们，而不是直接问他们问题。故E项正确。.答案与解析：F考查上下文衔接。根据该段首句“Bemoreaccepting”可知，该段主要建议要接受对方的不同。根据空处下句可知，你不需要理解甚至赞同某人就可以接受他们。据此可知，空处应说要承认人们是不同的并接受这一点。故F项正确。.答案与解析：B考查段落主旨句。根据空处所在的位置可知，空处为该段的主旨句。根据前文第二、三、四段首句可知，该句为祈使句；根据该段内容可知，该段主要说明不要对来自不同文化背景的人形成模式化的看法，B项中的“stereo