专题14-第十四章语气（初高区别及衔接）（教师版）-2021-2022学年英语初升高衔接大串讲（牛津译林版2020）

第十四章语气初中知识回顾初中学习的是陈述语气和祈使语气。这两种语气，都是表示真实的描述、推测或者命令等。回顾一：陈述语气陈述语气表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。.Thereabasketballmatchinourschooltomorrow/B)A.willhaveB.wiilbeC.arcD.isgoingtobe回顾二：祈使语气祈使语气表示说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令等。.yourumbrella,oryou'llcatchacoldonsucharainyday.(A)A.TakeB.TotakeC.TakingD.Takes高中知识衔接在高中，我们要学习虚拟语气。虚拟语气是动词的一种特殊形式。它用来表示所说的不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议或是与事实相反的假设。类别用法例句if引导的条件从句与现在事实相反从句动词：过去式(be用were)；主句动词：should/would/could/might+动词原形Ifhewerehere,hewouldhelpus.与过去事实相反从句动词：had+过去分词；主句动词：should/would/could/might+havc+过去分词IfIhadbeenfree,Iwouldhavevisitedyou.与将来事实相反从句动词：过去式/should+动词原物were+不定式;主句动词:should/would/could/might+动词原形Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgocamping.其他状语从句asif引导的状语从句中动词用过去式或过去完成式Theyaretalkingasiftheyhadbeenfriendsforyears.evenif/though引导的从句，与现在将来/事实相反：从句动词用过去式，主句动词用should/would+动词Eveniftheyweretofail,theywouldn'tlosecourage.

原形。与过去事实相反:从句动词：had+过去分词；主句动词：should/would+have+过去分词宾语从句demand,suggest,order,insist等表命令、建议、要求后的从句中动词（should）+动词原形Hesuggestedthatwenotchangeourmind.wish后的从句中分别用过去式、过去完成式和coukVwould+动词原形表示与现在、过去和将来情况相反IwishIcouldbeapopsinger.主语从句在Itisnecessary/important/strangethat...,Itissuggested/demanded/ordered/requestedthat...等从句中，谓语动词用(should)+动词原形Itisstrangethatsuchapersonshouldbeourfriends.表语从句和同位语从句作idea,advice,order,demand,request等表命令、建议、要求的词的表语从句和同位语从句，其谓语动词用（should）+动词原形Myadviceisthatyou(should)finishyourhomeworkfirst.Theideathatyou(should)goisright.其他句型中Itistimethat…句型中动词用过去式或shou【d+动词原形It'shightimethatweleft.wouldrather所接的从句中动词用过去式或者过去完成式Iwouldratheryoustayedathomenow.Ifonly句型中动词常用过去式或者过去完成式，表示强烈的愿望Ifonlyourdreamhadcometrue!.1didn'tseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe,shewouldhavemetmybrother.A.hascomeB.didcomeC.cameD.hadcomeD【解析】本题考查的是f条件句中的虚拟语气。题意是“我''在会议上没看到你姐姐，故你姐姐没来。因此“如果她来了”与事实相反，前面一句交代了是一般过去时的虚拟，所以从句中用had+过去分词。.Johnwenttothehospitalalone.Ifhemeaboutit,Iwouldhavegonewithhim.A.shouldtellD【解析】同上。B.tellsA.shouldtellD【解析】同上。B.tellsC.toldD.hadtold—Iwishtheyalwayslate.A.weren'tB.hadn'tbeenC.wouldn'tbeD.wouldn'thavebeenA【解析】考查虚拟语气的用法。句意为：一孩子们哪儿去了？这顿饭快要吃不起来了。一我但愿他们不要老是迟到。wish引出虚拟语气，题干中出现always,从句虚拟使用一般过去时。选A。4-1havegonethroughahardtimeinthelastfewyears.-Really?!wishyoumeaboutitearlier.Afterall,wearefriends.A.toldB.hadtoldC.wouldtoldD.tellB【解析】同上。.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.wcrcbrokenD.hadbeenbrokenC【解析】本题考查的是asif引导的让步状语从句中的语气问题，题中“当铅笔的一部分浸在水中，铅笔看上去好像断了“，而实际上铅笔并未断，与事实相反。前半部分陈述是一般现在时，因而主句是对一般现在时的虚拟，用werebrokeno.—Thankyoufbrtellingmeofthetime,orIlateyesterday.-Don'tmentionit.A.shouldbeB.wouldbeC.willhavebeenD.wouldhavebeenD【解析】同上。throughthatbitterperiodwithoutyourgeneroushelp.A.couldn'thavegoneB.didn'tgoC.wouldn'tgoD.hadn'tgoneA【解析】考查虚拟语气的用法。句意为：没有你的慷慨帮助，我是不可能度过那段痛苦的时期的。thatbitterperiod表示过去的时间，对过去的虚拟语气用主语+should/would/couldmighl+havedone表达，故选A。.Withoulhishelp,Itheworkintime.A.cannotfinishB.willnotfinishC.hadnotfinishedD.couldnothavefinishedD【解析】同上。.Gcorgcisgoingtotalkaboutthegeographyofhiscountry,butI'dratherhemoreonitsculture.A.focusB.focusedC.wouldfbcusD.hadfocusedB【解析】wouldrather也是虚拟语气的标志。句意为：约翰将要谈论他的国家的地理，但是我宁愿他更多地关注一下文化。.-Don'tyouthinkitnecessarythathetoMiamibuttoNewYork?-Iagree,buttheproblemishehasrefusedto.A.willnotbesent;thatB.notbesent;thatC.shouldnotbesent;whatD.shouldnotsend;whatB【解析】同上。思考总结虚拟语气是高中阶段的重点也是难点语法，常常用来表示说话人的愿望、请求、建议、惊奇、设想等。其常考点为：1.判断表示建议、命令、请求后的从句所使用的虚拟语气；2.without,butfor等隐含的虚拟语气;3.if引导的错综时间虚拟语气。随堂练习I.单句填空.Shouldnaps(小睡)actually(take)duringtheday?【答案】betaken.Therearetwodrivers.Onehasadestinationinmindwhichcan(find)onamap.【答案】befoundII.单句改错.Though1don'tknowwhatIcandofortheanimalsyet,Icanatleasttofollowmybrother.【答案】删除t。.ShealsosuggestedthatIcanintroducemyculturetomyclassmates.【答案】can—►should或删除can.(2019江苏,31)Whatapity!Youmissedthesightseeing,orwe(have)agoodlimetogether.【答案】wouldhavehad.(2019天津,14)Theworkerswerenotbetterorganized,otherwisethey(accomplish)thetaskinhalfthetime.【答案】wouldhaveaccomplished.(2018北京,12)Intoday'sinformationage,thelossofdatacauseseriousproblemsforacompany.【答案】can.（2018天）聿,1（））1can'tfindmypurse.Ihaveleftitinthesupermarketyesterday,butI'mnotsure.【答案】could/might.（2018天津,15）Ifwe（catch）theflightyesterday,wewouldbeenjoyingourholidayonthebeachnow.【答案】hadcaught.（2018江苏,27）Thereisagoodsociallifeinthevillage,andIwishI（have）asecondchancetobecomemoreinvolved.【答案】had.（2017］匕京,2l）Samuel,thetallestboyinourclass,easilyreach（hebooksonthetopshelf.【答案】can.（2017天津,2）Myroomisamess,butIcleanitbeforeIgoouttonight.Icandoitinthemorning.【答案】needn't.（2017天津,15）—DoyouhaveBetty'sphonenumber?—Yes.Otherwise,I（be）abletoreachheryesterday.【答案】wouldn'thavebeen.（2017江苏,22）（be）itnotforthesupportoftheteachers,thestudentcouldnotovercomeherdifficulty.【答案】Were.（2016北京,31）1lovetheweekend,becauseIgetupearlyonSaturdaysandSundays.【答案】needn't.（2016北京,34）Whydidn'tyoutellmeaboutyourtroublelastweek?Ifyou（tell）me,Icouldhavehelped.【答案】hadtold.（2016天津,5）1（wasreallyannoying;Igetaccesstothedatabankyouhadrecommended.【答案】couldn't.（2016fl：苏,27）Ifil（be）forhisinvitationtheotherday,Ishouldnotbeherenow.【答案】hadnotbeen/hadn'tbeen.（2015江苏,28）ItmighthavesavedmesometroubleIknowntheschedule.【答案】had.（2015天津,13）1wishI（bc）atmysister's