PETS强化班阅读题型B

阅读题型B缪海涛htmiao@MiaoAllRightsReserved2Basics

AdecentwordstockAgoodunderstandingofgrammarAstronginterestinEnglishMiao3HowsToread,tolistenextensively

3Ps

Perseverance+Patience+PracticeMiao5阅读理解新题型总攻略Miao6阅读新题型：本部分的内容是一篇总长度为700-800词的文章，其中有5段空白，文章后有6段文字，要求考生根据文章内容，从这6段文字中选择能分别放进文中5个空白处的5个选择答案。新题型特点：加大了阅读量，传统阅读理解中的文章长度一般为400字左右问题答案和原文空缺处产生了差额选择，加大了选出正确答案的干扰性和难度。考生既要了解文章的宏观布局，又要掌握文章的微观结构。要理解文章的总体结构以及单句之间、段落之间的关系，对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征以及文章结构和写作思路的理解和掌握。新题型要求：只要了解了这种新题型所考查的要点，在阅读文章时有意识的加强对文章写作思路和结构组织安排的理解，掌握英语文章常见的几种写作结构，对迅速增强此类新题型的应对能力还是非常有帮助的。一、新题型介绍Miao7二、正确认识此部分虽然是一种新的题型，但是它只是换了一个角度，实际考查的仍然是考生的阅读理解的能力。这种能力可分为三个层次：第一考查学生的宏观阅读能力；第二考查段落内部的结构，也就是我们常说的段落的一致性；第三考查段落内部的论点和各论据之间的逻辑关系，也就是我们常说的段落连贯性。Miao8三、必备技能1.较强的阅读理解能力Thepowerofyourreadingabilityfiyuocnaraedtihs,yuohvaeasgtranemnid,too.Cnayuoraedtihs?Olny55plepoetuofo100anc.icdnuoltblveieetahtIcluodaulacltyuesdnatnrdwahtIwasrdanieg.Thephaonmnealpweorofthehmuanmnid,aoccdrnigtoarscheearchatCmabrigdeUinervtisy,itdseno'tmtaetrinwahtoerdrtheltteresinawrodare,theolnyiproamtnttihngistahtthefrsitandlsatltteerbeintherghitpclae.Thersetcanbeataotlmsesandyoucansitllraeditwhotuitapboerlm.Tihsisbcuseaethehuamnmniddeosnotraederveylteterbyistlef,butthewrodasawlohe.Azanmighuh?yaehandIawlyastghuhotslpelingwasipmorantt!ifyoucanraedtihsforwradit.Howdoyouread?Actually,thecommoncoldisnot assimpleasitseems.Itcanbecausedbyanyof200differentviruses,anditcanbringmiseryineightways:sorethroat,sneezing,runnynosewateryeyes,achesandpains,mildfever,nasalcongestion,andcoughing. PhraseReading—inthoughtgroupsActually, thecommoncold isnot assimple asitseems.Itcanbecaused byanyof200differentviruses,anditcan bringmisery ineightways: sorethroat, sneezing, runnynose wateryeyes, achesandpains, mildfever, nasalcongestion, andcoughing. PhraseReading—inlargerthoughtgroupsActually, thecommoncold isnotassimpleasitseems.Itcanbecaused byanyof200differentviruses,anditcanbringmiseryineightways: sorethroat, sneezing, runnynose,wateryeyes, achesandpains, mildfever,nasalcongestion, andcoughing. Miao132.全面把握篇章的能力同一性和连贯性（Unityandcoherence）UNITY:allthesentenceswithintheparagraphmustberelatedtothemainpoint.Miao14Checkthefollowingparagraphforunity.ManyTVcommercialsimplythatawoman’sself-esteemdependsonhercleaningability.Inonecommercial,weseeawomanterriblyupsetbecauseherguestsfindspotsonherglassware;inanother,ayoungwifewinsherhusband’sheartwithfriedchicken.Countlessothercommercialsbluroutthemessagethatawomanwillpassmusterasapersonifherkitchenfloorgleamsandhertoiletbowlisblue.Thisidiocymustwork,becausetheimagesofwomenscrubbing,mopping,waxingandsmilingkeeponcomingovertheair.Miao15ManyTVcommercialsimplythatawoman’sself-esteemdependsonhercleaningability.Inonecommercial,weseeawomanterriblyupsetbecauseherguestsfindspotsonherglassware;inanother,ayoungwifewinsherhusband’sheartwithfriedchicken.Countlessothercommercialsbluroutthemessagethatawomanwillpassmusterasapersonifherkitchenfloorgleamsandhertoiletbowlisblue.Thisidiocymustwork,becausetheimagesofwomenscrubbing,mopping,waxingandsmilingkeeponcomingovertheair.Miao16CoherenceCoherencereferstosmoothmovingfromonesentencetothenext.Toensurethesmoothflowofideaswithinaparagraph,youcanusepronouns,repeatkeywordsorphrases,andresorttotransitionalsignals.Miao171)Lexicaldevice(1)UsingpronounsEnglishisconsideredaninternationallanguage.Itisspokenbymorethan260millionpeopleallovertheworld.Heboughtacarandahouse.Thecarwashugeandthehousewassmall,sosmallthatsometimeshe’dprefertosleepinthecar.HoweverGoogleisboastful.Itcan’tkeepitselffromtellingyouhowinconceivablyfastitis.AskitforinformationonChinesearchaeologyanditcompiles29,400links,adding:“searchtook0.14seconds.”___________________.ItneedshelpdistinguishingbetweenFrancisBacon,the20th—centurypainter,andFrancisBacon,the17th—centuryphilosopher.SometimesGooglelooksalittlefoolish.*AnotherproblemisthatidenticalnamesbaffleGoogle.Miao18Miao19(2)RepeatingkeywordsorusingsynonymsIfyourobjectiveistoscoreagoal,youmustkicktheball.Theballmaynotgowhereyouaimbecauseofamissedkickoraninterceptionbyanopponent.Butifyoucontinuetorunaftertheball,thentheballwilleventuallygetnearertoyourtarget.Youmayneedmoretrainingorthehelpofteammemberstoscoreagoal.Thewintergrowthoffreshvegetablessuchasbeansandtomatoes,celeryandlettuce,inthewarmSouthandtheFarWesthasbeenhithertorestrictedbecauseofcostandtimeortransportationtomarket.Theairlineandhelicopterfreightservicewillspeedsuchhealthyfoodstotheendsofthenation.?)____________________________*Henceoureatinghabitswillchangeperhapsmorethanwerealize.StrawberriesinJanuary,asitwere,availableforall.Theairlineandhelicopterfreightservicerenderallthispossible.Miao20____________.Ofthese,theammonitesareveryinterestingandimportant.Theyhaveashellcomposedofmanychambers,eachrepresentingatemporaryhomeoftheanimal.Astheyounggrewlargeritgrewanewchamberandsealedoffthepreviousone.ThousandsofthesecanbeseenintherocksontheDorsetCoast.*Theshellfishhavealonghistoryintherockandmanydifferentkindsareknown.Miao21Miao22(3)UsingnumberThefirstanimalswithtruebackboneswerethefishes,firstknownintherocksof375millionyearsago.About300millionyearsagotheamphibians,theanimalsabletolivebothonlandandinwater,appeared.Theyweregiants,sometimes8feetlong,andmanyofthemlivedintheswampypoolsinwhichourcoalseam,orlayerisformed.Theamphibiansgaverisetothereptilesandfornearly150millionyearstheseweretheprincipalformsoflifeonland,inthesea,andintheair.UsingnumberThefirstanimalswithtruebackboneswerethefishes,firstknownintherocksof375millionyearsago.About300millionyearsagotheamphibians,theanimalsabletolivebothonlandandinwater,appeared.Theyweregiants,sometimes8feetlong,andmanyofthemlivedintheswampypoolsinwhichourcoalseam,orlayerisformed.Theamphibiansgaverisetothereptilesandfornearly150millionyearstheseweretheprincipalformsoflifeonland,inthesea,andintheair.*About75millionyearsagotheAgeofReptileswasoverandmostofthegroupsdiedout.Miao23MiaoAllRightsReserved24(4)Usingtransitionalsignals(1)Toaddideastogetherand,also,besides,furthermore,inaddition,moreover,too,first,second,finally(2)Toshowemphasisandclarityaboveall,afterall,infact,particularly,thatis,obviously,actually,indeed,ondoubt,certainly,tobesure,asamatteroffact,naturally(3)Toshowsimilaritylike,likewise,inthesamemanner/way,similarlyMiaoAllRightsReserved25(4)Toshowcontrastalthough,but,however,incomparison,incontrast,inspiteof,onthecontrary,ontheotherhand,unlike,whereas,while,yet(5)Toexpresscauseandeffectrelationshipas,because,dueto,for,forthisreason,nowthat,since,owingto,asaresult/consequence,consequently,therefore,thus(6)Topointoutexampleforexample,forinstance,toillustrate,acaseinpoint,take…forexampleMiaoAllRightsReserved26(7)Todrawaconclusion,aninference,orasummaryinaword,inconclusion,inbrief,inshort,insummary,tosummarize,tosumup,therefore,generallyspeaking,allinall(8)Toindicatetimeattimes,after,afterward,fromthenon,immediately,later,meanwhile,next,now,then,until,while,shortly,inthebeginning/end(9)Toindicateplacehere,there,overthere,beside,between,beyond,above,below,ontheoppositeside,totheright/left,nextto,alongUsingtransitionalsignals___________________.Buttheshorthauloflessthan1000milesisequallythetaskofthehelicopter,whichcandoitwiththegreatestefficiency.

*Long-distancetransportationofpassengersandfreightoverlandandseawilldefinitelyremainthejobforthelargeairplane.Miao27Miao28Sellwhatyoucando,notwhoyouare:

Practicetranslatingyourpersonalitytraits,character,accomplishmentsandachievementsintoskillareas.Thereareatleastfivethousandskillareasintheworldofwork.Forexample,ifyouhaveaflairforsaving,managingandinvestingmoney,youhavemoneymanagementskills.Miao292)Sententialdevices(1)SubstitutionA:Ishetherightpersonforthejob? B:Isupposeso/not.(2)EllipsisA:Haveyouseenhimbefore? B:Yes,Ihave(seenhimbefore).Miao30(3)ParallelismOthertrafficproblem-solvingoptionsbeingstudiedandexperimentedwithincludecarpooling,rapidmass-transitsystems,staggeredorflexibleworkhours,androadpricing,asystemwherebymotoristspayacertainamountforthetimetheyusedahighway.Tohelpsolvetheirtrafficwoes,somerapidlygrowingU.S.citieshavesimplybuiltmoreroads.Buttrafficexpertssaybuildingmoreroadsisaquick-fixsolutionthatwillnotalleviatethetrafficprobleminthelongrun.Miao31Some…others…Notonly…butalso…Ontheonehand…;ontheotherhand…Themore…themore323)SemantictiesIfyouworkasasodajerker,youwill,ofcourse,notneedmuchskillinexpressingyourselftobeeffective.Ifyouworkonamachine,yourabilitytoexpressyourselfwillbeoflittleimportance.Butassoonasyoumoveonestepupfromthebottom,youreffectivenessdependsonyourabilitytoreachothersthroughthespokenorthewrittenword.Andthefurtherawayyourjobisfrommanualwork,thelargertheorganizationofwhichyouareanemployee,themoreimportantitwillbethatyouknowhowtoconveyyourthoughtsinwritingorspeaking.Intheverylargebusinessorganization,whetheritisthegovernment,thelargecorporation,ortheArmy,thisabilitytoexpressoneselfisperhapsthemostimportantofalltheskillsamancanpossess.33SemantictiesIfyouworkasasodajerker,youwill,ofcourse,notneedmuch

skillinexpressingyourselftobeeffective.Ifyouworkonamachine,yourabilitytoexpressyourselfwillbeoflittleimportance.Butassoonasyoumoveonestepupfromthebottom,youreffectivenessdependsonyourability

toreachothersthroughthespokenorthewrittenword.Andthefurtherawayyourjobisfrommanualwork,thelargertheorganizationofwhichyouareanemployee,themoreimportantitwillbethatyouknowhowtoconveyyourthoughtsinwritingorspeaking.Intheverylargebusinessorganization,whetheritisthegovernment,thelargecorporation,ortheArmy,thisabilitytoexpressoneselfisperhapsthemostimportantofalltheskillsamancanpossess.Miao343.把握篇章扩展的能力1）描写文（Description）方位顺序2）说明文（Exposition）定义、列举、比较对比、因果3）记叙文（Narration）时间、地点顺序4）议论文（Argumentation）立论----论证（支持/反驳）----结论Miao35常见语篇扩展模式：1.话题----问题----解决方法2.结果----原因/现象----成因3.议题----观点----论证4.错误观点----异议----论证4.对比与比较Alargemetropolitancitygovernmentwasputtingonanumberofseminarsforadministrators,managersand/orexecutivesofvariousdepartmentsthroughoutthecity.Atoneofthesesessionsthetopictobediscussedwasmotivation—howwecangetpublicservantsmotivatedtodoagoodjob.Thedifficultyofapolicecaptainbecamethecentralfocusofthediscussion.Miao36“Itisalwaysbettertobuyahouse;payingrentislikepouringmoneydownthedrain.”Foryears,suchadvicehasencouragedpeopletoborrowheavilytogetonthepropertyladderassoonaspossible.Butisitstillsoundadvice?Housepricesarecurrentlyatrecordlevelsinrelationtorentsinmanypartsoftheworldanditnowoftenmakesmorefinancialsense—especiallyforfirst-timebuyers—torentinstead.Miao37Miao38解题思路1.从已知信息出发，了解本段/本文的主旨思想2.就近原则----阅读视力范围缩小3.善于利用信号词（代词、连词、数词、专有名词、同义词、重复的名词等）4.要具有总体观，先跳读全文，接着看选项；做题不用按顺序，选做易后做难5.放在段首和段尾的句子的特点解题步骤

1.略读第一段了解话题（及文章主旨）；2.略读文章每一段，把握主题句（思想）；3.略读选项，把握主题句（思想）；4.详读文章，注意空格上下文的结构和意义，先易后难回插段落；5.检查P.30MiaoAllRightsReserved39MiaoAllRightsReserved40ThanksAndHavefun!MiaoAllRightsReserved41VocabularyHowmanywordsdoyouknow?abbreviationrelevantpermanentadministrationpetitionagendaaffirmativerevenueapproximatescrutinizeimprovisestagnantchaoticmotivationnegotiatesaturatedubiousbankruptcyindispensablelegislationcontroversycatastropheconfidentialcontaminateMiao42Vocabulary1.Toexpandvocabularythroughreading2.TomemorizewordswiththehelpofsoundsandstructureaffixesrootMiao43Hefellintoaditchandlaythere,semiconscious,forafewminutes.Insecticideisappliedwhereitisneeded.MiaoAllRightsReserved44Spect=seeSpectacleProspect,prospective,Retrospect,introspect,Inspect,inspection,inspectionExpect,expectationRespect,respectful,respectable,respectiveSuspect,suspicious,suspectableCircumspectAspectSpectate,spectator,PerspectiveConspicuousSpecimenMiao453.TounderstandwordsthroughcontextandlogicalrelationshipsKrabacbersuffersfromSAD,whichisshortforseasonalaffectivedisorder,asyndromecharacterizedbysevereseasonalmoodswings.AndrewisoneofthemostsuperciliousmenIknow.Hisbrother,incontrast,isquitehumbleandmodest.Theirgreatestfearwasofaconflagration,sincefirewoulddestroytheirflimsywoodensettlementbeforehelpcouldarrive.MiaoAllRightsReserved46grammarSentencePatternMiaoAllRightsReserved47SentencePattern1.简单句2.并列句3.复合句MiaoAllRightsReserved481.简单句（onesubject-predicateconstruction）

Hegotupat6thismorning.Thismorning,hegotupat6,washedhisface,hadasimplebreakfast,andthenwenttoschool.Theduodonspacesuitsandsetouttodiscovertheportalleadingtotheunknownuniverse.Miao493.并列句（<subject+predicate>+<subject+predicate>+<…>）Thismorning,hegotupat6,washedhisface,hadasimplebreakfast,andthenhewenttoschool.并列连词：

and,but,so,or,fornotonly…butalso;ononehand…ontheotherhand;foronething…foranother;neither…nor;either…or;…MiaoAllRightsReserved502.复合句（mainclause+subordinateclause）主语从句名词性从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句

形容词性从句定语从句

主句+从属分句时间地点原因结果副词性从句状语从句条件

方式目的让步比较MiaoAllRightsReserved514.复杂句并列句（复合句）复合句（并列句）复合句（复合句）MiaoAllRightsReserved52AsreportscametoLondonZoothatawildpumahadbeenspotted35milessouthofLondon,theywerenottakenseriously,butasevidencebegantoaccumulate,expertsfeltobliged