汉英演示文稿

Chinese—EnglishDifferencescultureFunctionofwords:denotativemeaning&connotativemeaning(p8)PragmaticmeaningThinkingpattern:Ethicsvs.cognitionIntegrityandsyntheticvs.individualityIntuitionvs.evidenceFigurativevs.logical

她踢脱鞋子，踏进一双拖鞋。可是对她那双纤纤细脚来说，脱鞋显得太大了。换了鞋以后，她便失去了几分韵味，个子也矮了些。Shekickedhershoesandsteppedintoapairofslipperswhichweretoobigforhertinyfeet;withoutshoesshelostsomeofhereleganceandheight.在一家百货公司，碰巧有一对老夫妇，他们经过左挑右选，犹豫再三，终于从口袋里笨拙地摸出600块钱来，买了一床优质的鸭绒被，当鸭绒被从柜台那边递过来时，两人满意地笑了。Itsohappenedinadepartmentstorethatanoldcouple,aftercarefulselectionandmuchhesitation,fumbled600Yuanfromtheirpocketsforaqualitydownquilt,smilingwithcontentwhenthepackagewashandedoverthecounter.Exercises从前，齐国有个人，想要金子，想得入迷了。一天清早，他穿好衣服，戴上帽子后，就赶到市场上。他走到卖金子的地方，伸手抓起一块金子就走。管市场的小官把他抓住，审问他：“你竟敢当众抢人家的金子，怎么这样大胆啊？”他回答说：“我拿金块的时候，实在没有看见人，只看见金子啊！”Lecture2Analyticlanguagevs.syntheticlanguageIdeographic-orientedsyllabicscriptvs.alphabeticscriptTonationlanguagediscussion馆：博物馆、图书馆、旅馆、宾馆、大使馆、领事馆、茶馆、饭馆、理发馆、体育馆、展览馆、文化馆、美术馆、科技馆、天文馆、照相馆……酒：葡萄酒、白酒、烈酒、啤酒、香槟酒、鸡尾酒、白兰地酒、威士忌酒、杜松子酒……笔：钢笔、铅笔、圆珠笔、蜡笔、粉笔、毛笔、画笔、电笔……好：a．他是祖国的好儿子。b．庄稼长得真好。c．他们对我真好。d．楼的质量不好。e．这个问题很好回答。f．啊，好票学习：a．学习知识b．学习技术C．学习外语d．学习成绩e．学习别人的长处f．互相学习g．以雷锋为学习的榜样

意义的分类（1）外延意义denotativemeaning内涵意义connotativemeaning风格意义stylisticmeaning情感意义affectivemeaning联想意义reflectivemeaning搭配意义colocativemeaning主题意义thematicmeaning——Leech意义的分类（2）

指称意义designativemeaning言内意义linguisticmeaning言外意义pragmaticmeaning——CharlesMorrisTranslationofpragmaticmeaning“娘，他们……是要剥我们中国人的脸皮啊，你知道吗?”骄阳下，柳树上，回答他的是一片“知了，知了”的蝉声。“Mother，whattheyaskedmetodowasnot…buttolosefaceforallChinese!Don’tyousee?”Inthescorchingsun，fromthewillowtree，comestheconfirmfingreplyofthecicada’schirrup：“See，see…”(夏乙琥译)拿锄头刨黄连——挖苦。TodigCoptiswithahoe——dig．人曾为僧，人弗可以成佛。女卑是婢，女又何妨成奴。ABuddhistcannotbudintoaBuddha.Amaidenmaybemadeahousemaid.(许渊冲)王佐良教授译《雷雨》鲁大海：（挣扎）放开我，你们这群强盗！周萍：（向仆人）把他拉下去！鲁侍萍：（大哭）这真是一群强盗！（走到周萍面前）你是萍…..凭什么打我的儿子！Hai:(struggling)Letgoofme,youhooligans!Ping:(totheservants)Hustlehimoutside!Ma:(breakingdown)Youarehooligans,too!(goingacrosstoChouPing)You’remy------mightyfreewithyourfists!Whatrighthaveyoutohitmyson?默默无蚊的奉献Mosquito-repellentincense,repellingmosquitoesinsilence.exercises1．中国人民不用多久就会变得富裕起来。2．一般人要到失去他们所拥有的一切时，才会珍惜他们所拥有的一切。3．我们只消研究一下爱迪生所做出的杰出发现就可以看到其重大意义。4．即使商品质量好，也不能漫天讨价。5．最近人口统计显示中国人口已超过十三亿。Lecture3

SyntacticdifferenceTextdifference①Syntheticvs．AnalyticEnglishisasyntheticlanguagemarkedwithinflexions(曲折变化形式)，whileChineseisananalyticlanguagewithoutanyinflection，whichisusuallyimpliedinthecontextorexplicitlyshowninsuchwordsas“着、了、过”etc．Forexample：Duringthewartime，yearslikethesewouldhavemeantcertaindeathformanypeople.Manywouldhavebecomebeggarsandotherswouldhavebeencompelledtoselltheirchildren．Thusencouraged,theymadeastillbolderplanforthenextyear．②Compactvs．DiffusiveEnglishsentencesarecompacttightlycombinedwithconnectivesorprepositions，whileChineseisdiffused，thatis，looseinstructure．Nowtheintegratedcircuithasreducedbymanytimesthesizeofthecomputerofwhichitformsapart，thuscreatinganewgenerationofportableminicomputer．现在集成电路成了计算机的组成部分，使计算机的体积大大缩小，从而产生了新一代的便携式微型计算机。AnotionhastakenholdintheUStotheeffectthattheonlypeoplewhoshouldbeencouragedtobringchildrenintotheworldarethosewhocanaffordthem．在美国有一个根深蒂固的观点，说是只有对那些抚养得起子女的人，才应鼓励其生育。③Hypotacticvs．ParatacticInEnglish．clausesorphrasesarecoordinatedwithorsubordinatedtooneanothersyntacticallywhileinChinesetheYareplacedoneafteranotherwithoutcoordinatingconnectives．Themanycolorsofarainbowrangefromredontheoutsidetovioletontheinside．彩虹有多种颜色，外圈红，内圈紫。Hehadadisconcertinghabitofexpressingcontradictoryideasinrapidsuccession．他有一种令人难堪的习惯：一会儿一个看法，自相矛盾，变化无常。④Complexvs.SimplexEnglishsentencesarelongandcomplex，whileChinesesentencesareshortandsimple．Forexample：Manyman-madesubstancesarereplacingcertainnaturalmaterialsbecauseeitherthequalityofthenaturalproductcannotmeetourever-increasingrequirement，or，moreoften，becausethephysicalpropertiesofthesyntheticsubstance,whichisthecommonnameforman-madematerials，havebeenchosen,andevenemphasized，sothatitwouldbeOfthegreatestuseinthefieldsinwhichitistobeapplied．人造材料通称为合成材料。许多人造材料正在代替某些天然材料，这或者是由于天然物产的数量不能满足日益增长的需要，或者是由于人们选择了合成材料的一些物理性质并加以突出而造成的。因此，合成材料在其应用领域将具有极大的用途。⑤Impersonalvs．PersonalTherearemoreimpersonalstructuresinEnglishthaninChinese，asshowninthefollowingexamples：·Whathashappenedtoyou?你出了什么事儿啦?·Anideasuddenlystruckme．我突然想到一个主意。·Astrangepeacecameoverherwhenshewasalone．她独处时感到一种特别的安宁。·Notasoundreachedourears．我们没有听到任何声音。·Agreatelationovercamethem．他们欣喜若狂。·Thetruthfinallydawnedonher．她最终明白了真相。⑥Passivevs．ActiveAswehavementionedinthepreviousunits，thepassivevoiceisextensivelyusedinEnglish，whileChinesesentencesareusuallyactive．AfewyearsagoitwasthoughtunusualthatprogramscouldeverbecalledupbyviewerstobedisplayedontheirTVscreensathome．几年前人们还以为，观众居然能够打电话要求在自己家里的电视屏幕上播出节目是一种稀罕的事情。⑦Staticvs．DynamicEnglishisstatic，withagentnounsbeingfrequentlyusedtoreplaceverbs，whileChineseisdynamic，withmoreverbsbeingusedinasinglesentence．·Heisagoodeaterandagoodsleeper．他能吃又能睡。·Youmustbeaverybadlearner；orelseyoumustbegoingtoaverybadteacher．你一定很不善于学习，要不然就是教你的人很不会教⑧Abstractvs．ConcreteInexpressingthesameideaEnglishseemsmoreabstractwhileChinese，moreconcrete．·Theabsenceofintelligenceisanindicationofsatisfactorydevelopments．没有消息即表明有令人满意的进展。·Ahighdegreeofcarelessness，pre-operativeandpost-operative，onthepartofsomeofthehospitalstaff，tookplace．医院某些医护人员在手术前后都非常粗心⑨IndirectVS．DirectSomeEnglishsentencesseemtobeindirectinaffirmationwhileChineseSentencesarestraightforward．·Icouldn’tfeelbetter．我觉得身体好极了。·Icouldn’tagreewithyoumore．我太赞成你的看法了。·Hecan’tseeyouquickenough．他很想尽快和你见面。·Ifyouhaveacar，youareindependentoftrainsandbuses．如果你有小汽车，就不用去坐火车或挤公共汽车。⑩SubstitutiveVS．RepetitiveGenerallyspeaking，therearenotusesomanyrepetitionsinEnglishasinChinese．·YoushouldhelphersinceyouhavepromisedtodoSO．你既然答应了要帮助她就应当帮助她。·Hehatedfailure；hehadconquereditallhislife，risenaboveit，anddespiseditinothers．他讨厌失败，他一生中曾战胜失败，超越失败，并且藐视别人的失败。Exercises1．由于失业率增高，美元币值下降，股票市场处于困境之中，经济问题将是总统所面临的最严峻的考验。2．一到南京，我的朋友就在机场等着接我。3．尽管是一个大学生，小郑连一封英文信都写不好。4．20年来，中国的科学家们为祖国做出了贡献。5．在这座小村落中，他被人们看成是一个聪敏的人。6.我校目前尚未设博士点。Textdifference语篇功能和文化色彩小的扣紧，大的放松，池子里捕鱼，太湖里放生。(夏衍：《考验》)Fussyabouttrifles，carelessaboutbigthings.Pennywise，poundfoolish．她在戏中扮演包公。SheplayedthemaleroleofJudgeBaoinChinese（thejustandimpartialjudgeinChinesehistory)intheopera．语篇功能和语体色彩如蒙早日寄来样品或产品册，不胜感激。Itwouldbeappreciatedifsamplesand/orbrochurecouldbesoonforwardedtous.鄙人当尽力而为。Yourstrulywilldohisbest．今年春季召开的全国科学大会，动员全国人民为祖国的科学、技术现代化而努力。ThenationalScienceConferenceconvenedthisspringmobilizedtheentirenationworkforthemodernizationofscienceandtechnology.语篇功能和感情色彩金鸡鞋油：颜色有黑、棕、白、红、黄、蓝。GoldenRoosterShoePolishcomesinblack，brown，white，red，yellowandblue．“白象”牌电池——WhiteElephantBrand1．你们不能草率行事，应先找李先生给你们点拨点拨。2．该市警方对旅馆和公共娱乐场所定期展开“扫黑”行动。3．这个贫困县年年从省里得到救济粮。4．他们想问题做事情的方法，他们的历史习惯跟我们不同。5．今年春天由党中央召开的全国科学大会，动员全国人民为祖国的科学、技术现代化而努力。LectureFour

Workouttheappropriatedenotativemeaning

昨天看电影我没有买到好票。烟囱通风不好，所以火不旺。“行动比言语更响亮”可能老掉牙了，但它仍不失为一条真理。这个车间既做来料加工，又做来样加工。我银行里为你挂个名，你白天去走走，晚上教教我儿子，一面找机会，好不好?她在中国留学服务中心工作。这个我自己决定不了，我得请示请示上边儿。

Ididnotbuyagoodseatforyesterday’sfilm．Thereisnotmuchdraughtupthechimney；that’swhythefiredoesn’tburnwell．“Actionsspeaklouderthanwords”maybeanover-wornphrase，butit’sstilltrue．Thisworkshopprocessesrawmaterialsonclient’sdemandandprocessesaccordingtoinvestor’ssamplesaswell．I’llputyouonthepayrollatthebank．Youcandropinduringthedayandintheeveningtutormysonwhilelookingforajob．How’sthat?SheworksattheChineseServiceCentreforScholarlyExchange．Ican’tdecideonitpersonally．Ihavetoaskthetopkick.一次性这所全国重点大学为社会输送了大批的人才。：要在不到十年中实现小康目标，任务是很艰难的，因为中国人口众多，底子薄，各地发展不平衡，……“慰问”一词译成英语时应根据被慰问的对象选词。①这些村民每年都到附近去慰问解放军。②每年春节期间，当地官员往往去慰问烈军属。③他到医院慰问病号去了。④政府派了一个慰问团去慰问洪水灾区的人民。⑤这些慰问袋春节之前要发到下岗职工手里。汉英动词翻译的特点汉语动词的含义比较单一，其修饰意义往往需要副词配合。英语动词的表达能力强，不仅表达动作本身，而且还包含有修饰意义。所以翻译带副词修饰的汉语动词时，不少情况下不使用副词。一座古塔阴森森地矗立在山腰上。他摸索着把门打开。暴风雨狂袭了一阵后停了。我的姐姐又因为我不爱整洁而向我唠叨地劝诫了。这个案子很难办，但那个受审的人已事先得到律师的仔细指点。语篇词语的翻译【例1】“首先，……”(译成英语有多种译法：First；Firstly；Atfirst；Firstofall；Tobeginwith等。)【例2】“第二(三、四、五……)”可译为“second(secondly；third，thirdly；fourth；fifth…)。【例3】“最后，……”(可以译为：lastly；atlast；finally；eventually；toconclude等等。)【例4】“虽然……，”有多种表达法，应注意交替使用，不可只使用一种表达法。①文章虽短，但很有说服力。②他虽很努力，但没成功。③你虽然取得了成绩，但仍应保持谦虚。④她们虽是女流但却争着抢着干最重的活。⑤革命烈士虽死犹荣。⑥虽然自己曾和她信誓旦旦，但此一时也彼一时也。LectureFivechoosethebestwords:precise,concise,andexpressive这就点燃了武装斗争的燎原大火。Thislightedtheprairiefireinrevolutionaryarmedstruggle．他们在积极巩固战果。Theyareactivelyconsolidatingtheirvictoriousgains．女诗人知道春天就要到了，因为她看到了一些燕子。Thepoetessknewspringwascoming，becauseshesawsomeswallows．他吹着口哨沿着海滨漫步。Hewaswhistlingashewalkedalongthebeach．他想这样会使工程及时全面展开，从而减少中途停工的可能。Hethoughtthiswouldlessenthechanceoftheproject'sbeingstoppedbeforeitreallygotunderway．吸烟是他的习惯，对他的健康损害很大。Smoking，hishabit，hasdoneconsiderableharmtohishealth．他们你一句，我一句，说个没完。Theytalkedonandonwithoutstop.我们的目的，一定能够达到。Ourgoalwillbeattainedcertainly．这些问题就是他提出的关于美国政治制度的问题。Thesequestionsarethequestions/onesheraisedontheAmericanpoliticalsystem．你们的计划要进行调整。Yourplanwillhavetobeadjusted．我们应该大力加快经济改革的步伐。Weshouldmakegreateffortstoacceleratethepaceofeconomicreform.NotetheChinglishtoacceleratethepaceofeconomicreformtherehavebeengoodharvestsinagricultureLivingstandardsforthepeopleinbothurbanandruralareascontinuedtoThedevelopmentofoureconomyinthefuturewill,toalargeextent,dependonFollowingtherealizationofmechanizationandelectrificationofagricultureItisimpossibleforustoaccomplishthetransformationofthewholesocietyovernightuntilChinarealizesindustrialmodernization他总算把记者招待会对付过去了。Afterall，hesurvived/dealtwiththepressconference．花园里花草茂盛，五彩缤纷。Thegardeniscarpeted/fullwithamassofmulticoloredflowers．妻子问他，“你为什么回来得这么晚?干什么去了?”他说道：“难道你要限制我的行动自由吗?”“Whybackhomesolate?Whatdidyoudosomewherehere?”demanded/askedhiswife．“DoIunderstandyouwanttohampermyfreedomofaction?”heretorted/said/answered．在学习中我们应该互相促进。Inourstudies，weshouldhelpeachotherforward．exercises全民族抗战展开了。他们讲唯心论，我们讲唯物论。但是单有这个条件还不够，还要求别的条件和他配合。首先是人民的条件.他儿子当时还是一个小不点儿。你要母鸡多生蛋，又不给它米吃，又要马儿跑得快，又要马儿不吃草。世界上哪有这样的道理!我们应该记住老一辈科学家们为成功研制“两弹”而努力奋斗的那些日日夜夜。Thechoiceofwords看黑板看电视看书看朋友看病看天气看茶开车开船开机器开会开灯开业开玩笑开夜车开支票开工开胃开荒国家建设城乡建设加强国防和军队建设加强政治思想建设加强民主法制建设和平地，不受军事威胁地建设自己的未来思想道德素质科学文化素质体能健康素质素质教育提高全民法律素质Translatethepassage

经济发展涉及到范围广泛的技术、经济、社会和文化等各方面的进展。在经济高度发展的社会，仅小部分人从事农业，农业生产率较高，而大部分劳动力则从事于其他商品的生产及服务性行业。（时文翻译）usefulwordsandexpressions:涉及torelateto方面dimensions;aspects经济高度发展的社会asocietywithhighlydevelopedeconomy从事tobeengagedin生产率productivity服务性行业serviceindustryLectureSixWordsandCulture词义空缺例:据报导，当地警方将深入开展“严打”斗争和专项治理。[译文]Reportssaythatlocalpolicewillfurthertheircrackdownonallcriminalactivitiesandlaunchspecialcampaignstofightthecrimeandsocialevilsthatthepublicdetestmost．例:唐至开元、天宝以后，作者蔚起，和以前大不同了。[译文]Towardsthemiddleoftheeighthcenturythefashionchanged，andthereweremanywritersoffiction．例:钱先生周岁时“抓周”，抓了一本书，因此得名“钟书”。WhenQianwasjustoneyearold，hewastoldbyhisparentstochooseonethingamongmanyothers．Hepickedupabookofallthings．Thereuponhisfatherverygladlygavehimthename：Zhongshu(=booklover)．意义走失在改革中，许多国营企业实行了合同制，被推向市场。Thecontractsystemintroducedinmanystate-ownedenterprisesduringthereformexposedtheenterprisestomarket___．少数服从多数。Theminority_issubordinatetothemajority__．文化特色词语的英译直译：概念意义和文化意义相同露面丢脸老手

笑柄碰壁祸不单行一只耳朵听，一只耳朵出为什么不你老人家明天就去走一遭，先试试风头儿去？（《红楼梦》）Whynotgotheretomorrowandseehowthewingblows?意译胸有成竹Hehaslonghadfully-grownbambooinhisbosom.Hehaslonghadawell-thought-outplaninhismind.接着他们用绳子五花大绑，把节振国捆得像个粽子似的、又是一阵拳打脚踢。节振国的嘴里鼻孔里鲜血直冒。（《赤胆忠心》）Theygavehimagoodcuffandkick,trussedhimuplikeafowlandthenwentonwallopingandkickinghimtillhisnoseandmouthwereabloodypulp.变通（凤姐:）“这通身的气派竟不像老祖宗的外孙女儿，竟是嫡亲的孙女儿似的。”（《红楼梦》）“Herwholeairissodistinguished!Shedoesn’ttakeafterherfather,son-in-lawifourOldAncestress,butmorelikeaJia.”(Tr.YangXianyi&GladysYang)一见面是寒暄，寒暄之后说我“胖了”，说我“胖了”之后即大骂新党。（《祝福》）Afterexchangingafewpoliteremarkswhenwemet,heobservedthatIlooked“fat”,andhavingmadethatcomplimentaryremarkhelaunchedaviolentattackontherevolutionaries.模仿cowboy牛仔虚步emptystep弓步bowstep铁饭碗theironrice-bowl半边天halfthesky纸老虎papertiger淡化一刀切的办法dosth.indiscriminately毛主席问陈妻：“你们俩感情好不好？”陈妻答：“好。”主席听了感到非常高兴。ThenChairmanMaotalkedwithChen’swife.Hewaspleasedtoknowthattheyhadahappyhomelife.词语的语用意义惭愧（不敢当；哪里）您太客气（让你破费；不好意思）恭喜发财！一路顺风别客气（没什么）汉语成语翻译打草惊蛇tobeataboutthebush亡羊补牢tolockthestabledoorafterthehorsehasbeenstolen同舟共济tobeinthesameboat怒发冲冠tomakeone’shairstandonend洗手不干towashone’shandsoff谚语少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲学如行舟，不进则退·一桶水摇不响，半桶水响叮当·水落石出·这山望到那山高·雷声大，雨点小汉语重叠词组

让我们把房子打扫打扫。Let’scleanupthehouse．当得知她丈夫和别的女孩子约会时，她就大吵大闹起来。Whenshelearnedthatherhusbandhaddatedothergirls，shestartedyellingbloodmurder．听说你们公司有个空位，我很想去试一试。但你能先为我牵线搭桥吗?IhearthereisanopeninginyourcompanyandIwouldliketofillit．Butwillyoupullsomestringsforme?四字格质地优良tobeexcellentinquality(或withsuperiorquality)品种齐全incompleterangeofarticles款式繁多withvariouspatterns选料考究choicematerial做工精细fineworkmanship色泽鲜明bright-coloured零售价格retailprice批发价格wholesaleprice货到付款paymentagainstarrival出类拔萃aboveaverage驰名中外tobepopularbothathomeandabroad一针见血——totouchoneontheraw不翼而飞——totakewingstoitself小题大做——tomakemountainsoutofmolehills格格不入——asquarepeginaroundhole山穷水尽——attheendofone’srope冷若冰霜——ascoldasamarble半斤八两——sixofoneandhalfadozenoftheother胸有成竹——tohaveacardupone’ssleeve孤注一掷——toputallone’seggsinonebasket纸上谈兵——armchairstrategy白费唇舌——tospeaktothewind同行相嫉——Twoofatradecanneveragree．一文不名——withoutapennytoone’snameexercises称心如意穷凶恶极发号施令惊天动地

唉声叹气胡言乱语日新月异粗制滥造深仇大恨奇谈怪论奇装异服南腔北调儒林外史骆驼祥子好事不出门，坏事传千里近朱者赤，近墨者黑外甥打灯笼，照舅（旧）子曰：“工欲善其事，必先利其器。”我希望我们所有的同志，首先是老同志，不要翘尾巴，而要夹紧尾巴，戒骄戒躁，永远保持谦虚进取的精神。LectureSeven

Trytoformthemostappropriateversiondiscussion我们取得了很大的成绩，但这并不意味着我们就可以从此吃老本而无需进取了。例：老师答应给这几个学生“吃小灶”。Wehaveachievedalot，butthatdoesn’tmeanwecanthereforerestonourlaurelswithoutaiminghigh．Theteacherhaspromisedtogivethesestudentsspecialtuition．Digouttheconnotativemeaning你怎么能够相信他呢?他是个墙头草，谁硬就跟谁。他真是软棉花捏的，挨了骂都不敢还嘴。Howcanyoutrusthim?Don’tyouknowthathealwayssitsonthefenceandfallsonthesideofthestronger?He’swishy-washy．Hedarenottalkbackwhenbeingcursed．Choosethemostexpressivewords几天工夫，由于抢购，商店的货物销售一空。Withindays，panicbuyingemptiedstoreshelves.这份辛苦的工作正在影响到我的健康。Thishardworkistellingonmyhealth．颐和园是我国劳动人民勤劳和智慧的产物。A.TheSummerPalaceistheresultofChina’sworkingmen'sindustryandwisdom．B.TheSummerPalaceisamonumenttotheindustryandwisdomofthelaboringpeopleofChina．C.TheSummerPalaceistheoutcomeofChina’sworkingmen’sindustryandwisdom．这种论点目前还有一定的市场。Thisargumenthassomeappealatpresent．他废寝忘食地工作Heeats，drinksandsleepshiswork．Lookforanotherpassage努力实现从扩大规模数量为主向提高质量效益为主的转变。Effortsshouldbemadetoshiftpriorityofexpandingscaleandquantitytoimprovingqualityandefficiency．2.当地政府为了改善生态环境采取了许多措施。Thelocalgovernmenthasdonemuchfortheimprovementoftheecologicalenvironment．Avoidshowingthesameface科学知识要求完全不受个人情感的影响。Scientificknowledgeaimsatbeingwhollyimpersonal．柏拉图的教诲对亚里士多德有深远的影响。P1ato’steachingshadaprofoundeffectonAristotle．粗劣的食物影响儿童自然的生长。Poorfoodarreststhenaturalgrowthofchildren．他们让孩子们受到好书的影响。Theyexposechildrentogoodbooks．他们在政治上缺乏影响力。Theylackpoliticalclout．Chinglishexamples她是一个大龄青年Sheisabig-ageyouth．互相借鉴对方的经验”tolearnfromeachother’sexperience，英、美人说：toprofitablyshareexperience．这些原则一直是我们民族的精神支柱。Theseprinciplesareourspiritualpillar.Theseprincipleshavenourishedthesoulofournation.1.IfthereisseriouschaosinHongkong,theChinesegovernmentwouldbeforcedtoreconsider…2.thesepracticesshouldbetotallyabolished.3.Ithinkweshouldactivelypromotetheestablishmentofanewinternationalpoliticalandeconomicorder.4.allsocialcirclesaretremendouslyenthusiasticaboutprovidingeducationWilliamZinsser:Mostadverbsareunnecessary.Youwillclutteryoursentenceandannoythereaderifyouchooseaberbthathasaprecisemeaningandthemaddanadverbthatcarriesthesamething…Againandagainincarelesswriting,strongverbsareweakenedbyredundantadverbs.Wehavedozensofthousandsofstudentsstudyingabroad,anditisquiteimportanttocreatesuitableconditionsfortheirworkaftertheycomeback.Idon’tthinkthatthatpartofhistory,afailysignificantpartofourlivesformygeneration,hasgonewiththewind.Literaltranslation他接过书摆在膝盖上读了起来。Hetookthebook,laiditonhislapandbegantoread.香蜜湖中国娱乐城是深圳娱乐场所之一。Honey-lakeChinaRecreationTownisoneofthepublicplacesforentertainmentinShenzhen.象鼻山是桂林最精彩的山。ElephantTrunkHillisthemostmagnificentofallinGuilin.直译加注法保持原文语言风格1990年共批准“三资企业”99家，全省“三资企业”已达284家。In1990,theprovinceapproved99‘ThreeFormsofVentures’(Sino-foreignjointventures,cooperativeenterprisesandholisticforeign-fundedenterprises).Thetotalnumberofthe‘ThreeFormsofVentures’reached284.Freetranslation他们的个性相差十万八千里。沉住气，即使考试不及格天也不会塌下来。你再不好好干，就要丢饭碗了。他是个二百五。木已成舟，只好作罢。他一开口总是三句不离本行。Translatethefollowingsentenceswithtwomethods一切反动派都是纸老虎。这两种建筑的设计在大小、材料和建筑构型方面千差万别。顾客对办公室工作人员的服务态度不满。价格降低了，但是质量并没有降低。AllroadsleadtoRome近年来，深圳和香港的交通运输发展迅速，为两个地区的经济和贸易合作提供了良好的基础。InrecentyearsthetransportationandcommunicationofShenzhenandHongkonghavequicklydeveloped,providingagoodfoundationforeconomicandtradecooperationbetweenthetworegions.RecentyearshavewitnessedtherapiddevelopmentofthetransportationandcommunicationinShenzhenandHongkong,whichhaspreparedforgoodeconomicandtradecooperationbetweenthetworegions..Shenzhenandkongkong,withtherapiddevelopmentoftheirtransportationandcommunicationinrecentyears,havelaidagoodfoundationfortheireconomicandtradecooperation.TherapiddevelopmentofthetransportationandcommunicationofShenzhenandHongkonginrecentyearshaslaidasoundfoundationforeconomicandtradecooperationbetweenthetworegions近年来，中、泰两国国民经济发展迅速，为两国的经济、贸易合作提供了良好的基础。A.InrecentyearsthenationaleconomiesofChinaandThailandhavequicklydeveloped,providingagoodfoundationforeconomicandtradecooperationbetweenthetwocountries.B.RecentyearshavewitnessedtherapiddevelopmentofthenationaleconomiesinChinaandThailand,whichhaspreparedforgoodeconomicandtradecooperationbetweenthetwocountries.C.ChinaandThailand,withtherapiddevelopmentoftheirnationaleconomiesinrecentyears,havelaidagoodfoundationfortheireconomicandtradecooperation.D.TheraiddevelopmentofthenationaleconomiesofChinaandThailandinrecentyearshaslaidasoundfoundationforeconomicandtradecooperationbetweenthetwocountries.homework台湾是中国神圣领土不可分割的一部分。我们将一如既往地坚持“和平统一，一国两制”的基本方针，坚持江泽民主席关于发展两岸关系、，推进祖国和平统一进程的八项主张，大力发展两岸经济、科技、文化等领域的交流与合作，增加人员往来，与台湾同胞共同努力，坚决反对制造“台湾独立”、“两个中国”、“一中一台”等分裂活动。TranslationofDiscoursesTranslationofadvertisementsTranslationofliteratureworksTranslationofnewsreportTranslationofEST(EnglishforScienceandTechnology)FunctionsofadsinformativefunctionAestheticfunctionExpressivefunctionVocativefunctionFeaturesofad’slanguageSentencestructureSimplesentenceOral-Btoothbrush:Thebestwaytogetridofplaqueistobuildabettertoothbrush.Orangejuice:Theonlyorangejuiceproventohelpreducecholesterol.ImperativesentenceKetchup:AddCheerToYourChickenTRANSITIONSglasses:SeeAWorldOfDifferenceWithNewTransitionsComfortLenses.Somecosmetics:Ahh…Spa!TakeMeAway!-ed/ingphrasesIntroducingtheplasticprescriptionlensesthatlightenanddarkenasthelightchanges.(光学公司)Shampoo:Blendedwithcitrusextractstobringoutyourhair’smostradiantshine.

ShortsentenceTastetoogreattowait.(食品)Notallcarsarecreatedequal.(三菱汽车)Cookingwithoutlooking.(minuterice)Makeyoureveryhelloarealgood-buy.(电话机)PartedsentenceSea,sun,sand,seclusion---andSpain!(海滨旅馆)Sometimesafrighteningburdenisplacedonachild.Byafather,amother,orboth.(儿童福利广告)Justputitin,brush,letitstandtenminutes,thenflush.(去污剂)FiguresofspeechParallelismNootherpantslooksthiscomfortable.Nototherpantsarethiscomfortable.(某轻便短裤)Withordinaryprinter,youseethedog;Withourprinter,youseethecat.(打印机)Personification

Shehasherownspiritanditgraceseveryoneshecomesnear.(perfume)Thecarsaysyou’vemadeittothetop.(汽车广告)

RhymeAnewversion,anewvision.(童车)Oncetasted,alwaysloved.Thechoiceisyours,thehonorisours.pun

Beer:WhichlargercanclaimtobetrulyGerman?Thiscan.telephoneMakeyoureveryhelloarealgood-buy.hyperboleWe’vehiddenagardenfullofvegetableswhereyou’dneverexpect.Inapie.在您意想不到的一个地方，我们珍藏了满园的蔬菜，那就是在一个小小的馅饼里。Littlewondertheydon’tbuildcarsliketheyusedto.Buildingapenisdifficultenough.难怪他们不像以前那样造汽车了，制造一支笔就已够难的。(笔艺之精湛)Whatdoadstranslationrequire?AdsstyleSameinformationFunctionofpublicityRhetoricTobefreeandcreativeBrand+slogan+textBrandtranslationmethodsLiteraltranslation皇冠牌Crown自然美化妆品NaturalBeauty好日子牌GoodDaysMindtheculturaldifferences船牌床单Junk帆船；废品，破铁旧罐；假冒货蝙蝠牌电扇Bat吸血鬼，残忍transliteration海天Haitian红塔Hongta太极Taiji新科Shinco康佳Konka格力Gree美的Midea罗莎RosaMindhomophone西子香皂Shitze(shits)芳芳牌Fang(thetwo,sharp,upperteeththatsomeanimalshave.)Anidealway:combinethesoundandmeaning黛丝洗发水Daisy方太厨具Fountain白沙集团Beshiny海信电器Hisense转译Createandredesign统一食品President正广和纯净水Aquarius洁婷Ladycare乐百氏饮料Robust金利来领带Goldlion=gold+lion雅戈尔YoungerGoodyear固特异SlogantranslationDiamond:AdiamondisforeverNIKE:JustdoitMaxwellcoffee:GoodtothelastdropPHILIP:Let’smakethingsbetter森马：特步：农夫山泉：直译法李宁运动服：一切皆有可能Anythingispossible.嘉亨印务：给我一个机会，还你一个惊喜。Givemeachance,andyouwillhaveabigsurprise.丁家宜：拥有完美肌肤的秘诀Thesecretforperfectskin转译法国酒茅台，相伴辉煌Goodandvigorousspirit.鹤舞白沙，我心飞扬Flyhigher.运动休闲，我行我速Gomyownway.我有我品质Whatwedo,wedowell.仿译法imitation爱您一辈子Lovemetender,lovemetrue.一册在手，纵览全球Theglobebringsyoutheworldinasinglecopy.中原之行哪里去？郑州亚细亚WhileinZhengzhou,doastheZhengzhounesedo----GoshoppingintheAsianSupermarket.随身携带，有备无患；随身携带，有惊无险。（速效救心丸）Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.Transfertherhetoric直译眉笔象花瓣一样柔和Oureyebrowpencilsareassoftaspetals.扬子，我为你自豪！YangziFridges,Iamproudofyou!非常可乐，非常选择ExtraordinaryCola.Extraordinarychoice.意译文字处理机：输入千言万语，奏出一片深情Thiswordprocessorplaysatuneofdeepfeelingwheneveryouaretyping.皮鞋：皮张之厚无以复加，利润之薄无以复减Theleathershoesmakeherearethickenough;Profitthat’sobtainedisslightenough.并用

鞋油：第一流的产品，为足下增辉Thefirst-rateshoepolishaddslustertoyourshoesandhonortoyou,ourfriends.饮料：甜甜蜜蜜，无限爱恋尽在其中Withboundlessloveinit,thedrinkismorethansweet.Texttranslation在四川西部，有一美丽去处。它背倚岷山主峰雪宝顶，树木苍翠，花香袭人，鸟声婉转，流水潺潺。它就是松潘县的黄龙。OneofSichan’sfinestspotsisHuangLong,whichliesinSongpancountyjustbeneathXuebao,themainpeakoftheMinshanMountain.Ithaslushgreenforestsfilledwithfragrantflowers,babblingstreamsandsongbirds.Preciseandconcise

简洁明快，删减冗余该产品配方科学，选料上乘，工艺先进，含有丰富的蛋白质，脂肪，维生素及不饱和脂肪酸和微量元素。Theproductispreparedfromsupermaterialandproducedbyscientificformulaandadvancedtechnology,richinprotein,fat,vitamins,notsaturatedfattyacidsandmicroelements.“长城号”游船设施豪华舒适，除观景塔、游泳池、酒吧间、日光浴室外，佳肴美点，中西皆备，并有宽敞的游步甲板，游客饱览沿途风光，华丽而舒适的客房均有空调设备，令您有宾至如归的感受。BeingadeluxecruisertotourtheYangtzeRiver,“TheGreatWall”hasindoorandopen-airobservationtowers,aswimmingpool,abar,asolariumaswellasChineseandWesternrestaurantsandaspaciousdeck.Allthecabinsaresuperb,comfortableandair-conditioned.Seekingfunctionalequivalence茅台：酱香突出，幽雅细腻，酒体醇厚，回味悠长，空杯留香持久，历届国家名酒评比之冠，尊为国酒。CarefullyBrewedPureandMellowWithaLong-LastingAroma(ChinesePictorial)本品采用100%天然棉层精梳制成，品质柔软贴切，适合化妆使用。经特殊化学高温杀菌、脱脂处理，品质清洁，卫生可靠。棉质柔软细致，能彻底清除油垢残妆，让你的肌肤更具健康活力。最适用于上妆、卸妆；拭除面霜、唇膏、指甲油；清洁贵重物品。100%COTTONGENTLEANDSOFTenoughforababy’sskin.ANATURALWAYtoremovemakeupandcleanser,nailpolish,lotion,cream,etc.PERFECTfora