版权说明:本文档由用户提供并上传,收益归属内容提供方,若内容存在侵权,请进行举报或认领
文档简介
英语语法权威解析目录:第01章名词性从句第02章“It”用法及其句型和固定搭配讲解第03章英语语法中的省略现象第04章主谓一致第05章动词不定式第06章倒装结构第07章定语从句第08章被动语态第09章祈使句第10章感慨句第11章疑问句第12章名词第一章名词性从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(NounClauses)。名词性从句的功能相称于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。一.主语从句主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而自身放在句子末尾。1.It作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较It作形式主语代替主语从句,重要是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调的是什么成分,都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。例如:a)Itisapitythatyoudidn’tgotoseethefilm.你不去看那场电影真可惜。b)Itdoesn’tinterestmewhetheryousucceedornot.我对你成功与否不感爱好。c)Itisinthemorningthatthemurdertookplace.谋杀案是在早上发生的。(强调句型)d)ItisJohnthatbrokethewindow.是John打坏的窗户。(强调句型)2.用it作形式主语的结构(1)Itis+名词+从句Itisafactthat…事实是…Itisanhonorthat…非常荣幸Itmonknowledgethat…是常识(2)Itis+形容词+从句Itisnaturalthat…很自然…Itisstrangethat…奇怪的是…(3)Itis+不及物动词+从句Itseemsthat…似乎…Ithappenedthat…恰巧…Itappearsthat…似乎…(4)It+过去分词+从句Itisreportedthat…据报道…Ithasbeenprovedthat…已证实…Itissaidthat…据说…3.主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况:(1)if引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。(2)Itissaid/reported…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如:对的表达:ItissaidthatPresidentJiangwillvisitourschoolnextweek.错误表达:ThatPresidentJiangwillvisitourschoolnextweekissaid.(3)Ithappens/occurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如:对的表达:Itoccurredtohimthathefailedintheexamination.错误表达:Thathefailedintheexaminationoccurredtohim.(4)Itdoesn’tmatterhow/whether…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如:对的表达:Itdoesn’tmatterwhetherheiswrongornot.错误表达:Whetherheiswrongornotdoesn’tmatter.(5)含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时,主语从句不可提前。例如:对的表达:Isitlikelythatitwillrainintheevening?错误表达:Isthatwillrainintheeveninglikely?4.what与that在引导主语从句时的区别what引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语.宾语.表语,而that则不然。例如:a)Whatyousaidyesterdayisright.b)Thatsheisstillaliveisaconsolation二.宾语从句宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句,通常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。1.作动词的宾语(1)由that引导的宾语从句(that通常可以省略),例如:Iheardthatbejoinedthearmy.我听说他参军了。(2)由what,whether(if)引导的宾语从句,例如:a)Shedidnotknowwhathadhappened.她不知道发生了什么。b)Iwonderwhetheryoucanchangethisnoteforme.我想知道你是否能帮我改一下笔记。(3)动词+间接宾语+宾语从句。例如:Shetoldmethatshewouldacceptmyinvitation.她对我说她会接受我的邀请。2.作介词的宾语,例如:Oursuccessdependsuponhowwellwecancooperatewithoneanother.我们的成功取决于我们之间的合作。3.作形容词的宾语,例如:Iamafraid(that)I’vemadeamistake.我恐怕我已经犯了一个错误。注意:that引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语:anxious,aware,certain,confident,convinced,determined,glad,proud,surprised,worried,sorry,thankful,ashamed,disappointed,annoyed,pleased,hurt,satisfied,content等。也可以将此类词后的that从句的看作因素状语从句。4.it可以作为形式宾语it不仅可以作为形式主语,还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that从句则放在句尾,特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。例如:Wehearditthatshewouldgetmarriednextmonth.我听说她下个朋就会结婚了。5.后边不能直接跟that从句的动词这类动词有allow,refuse,let,like,cause,force,admire,condemn,celebrate,dislike,love,help,take,forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语,但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。如:对的表达:Iadmiretheirwinningthematch.错误表达:Iadmirethattheywonthematch.6.不可用that从句作直接宾语的动词有些动词不可用于“动词+间接宾语+that从句“结构中,常见的有envy,order,accuse,refuse,impress,forgive,blame,denounce,advise,congratulate等。例如:对的表达:Heimpressedthemanagerasanhonestman.错误表达:Heimpressedthemanagerthathewasanhonestman.7.否认的转移若主句谓语动词为think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,fancy,guess,imagine等,其后的宾语从句若具有否认意义,一般要把否认词转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式。例如:Idon’tthinkthisdressfitsyouwell.我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。三.表语从句表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句,放在系动词之后,一般结构是“主语+连系动词+表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be,look,remain,seem等。引导表语从句的that常可省略。此外,常用的尚有thereasonisthat…和Itisbecause等结构。例如:1)Thequestioniswhetherwecanmakegoodpreparationinsuchashorttime.2)Thisiswhywecan’tgetthesupportofthepeople.3)Butthefactremainsthatwearebehindtheotherclasses.4)Thereasonheislateforschoolisthathemissedtheearlybus.四.同位语从句同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。1.同位语从句的功能同位语从句对于名词进一步解释,说明名词的具体内容,一般由that引导,例如:1)Theking’sdecisionthattheprisonerwouldbesetfreesurprisedallthepeople.2)Theorderthatallthesoldiersshouldstaystillisgivenbythegeneral.2.同位语在句子中的位置同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面,而是被别的词隔开。例如:HegotthenewsfromMarythatthesportsmeetingwasputoff.3.同位语从句与定语从句的区别(1)定语从句中的that既代替先行词,同时以在从句中作某个成分(主语或宾语),而同位语从句中的that是连词,只起连接主句与从句的作用,不充当句中任何成分。(2)定语从句是形容词性的,其功能是修饰先行词,对先行词加以限定,描述定的性质或特性;同位语从句是名词性的,其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如:1)ThenewsthathetoldmeisthatTomwouldgoabroadnextyear.(他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。)(第一个that引导的从句是定语从句,that在从句中作宾语)2)ThenewsthatTomwouldgoabroadistoldbyhim.(汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。)(同位语从句,that在句中不作任何成分)高一英语名词性从句专项练习1.____hedoeshasnothingtodowithme.A.whateverB.NomatterwhatC.ThatD.If2.Themanagercameoverandaskedthecustomerhow____A.didthequarrelcameaboutB.thequarrelheaboutC.hadthequarrelcomeaboutD.hadthequarrelcomeabout3.Energyis____makesthingwork..A.whatB.somethingC.anythingD.that4.Informationhasbeenputforward____moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmitouniversities.A.whileB.thatC.whenD.as5.Thisis___theShenzhouVSpaceshiplanded.A.thereB.inwhichC.whereD.when6.Theyhavenoideaatall____.A.wherehehasgoneB.wheredidhegoC.whichplacehashegoneD.wherehashegone7.Thedoctordidalottoreducethepatient’sfear____hewoulddieofthedisease.A.thatB.whichC.ofwhichD.ofthat8.Theordercame___thesoldiers____thesmallvillagethenextmorning.A.that;hadtoleaveB.that;shouldleaveC./;mustleaveD.when;shouldleave9.___isnopossibility____Bobcanwinthefirstprizeinthematch.A.There;thatB.It;thatC.there;whetherD.It;whether10.Thequestioncameupatthemeeting_____wehadenoughmoneyforourresearch.A.thatB.whichC.whetherD.if11.Is_____hesaidreallytrue?A.thatB.whatC.whyD.whether12.____themeetingshouldlasttwodaysorthreedaysdoesn’tmatter.A.ThatB.WhetherC.IfD.Where13.Itworriedherabit_____herhairwasturninggray.A.whileB.ifC.thatD.for14.???_____morecountriescanusenaturalenergyinthefutureremainstobeseen.A.WhetherB.ThisC.whoD.If15.____hewillgotoworkinamountainvillagesurprisesallofus.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhetherD.If16.____youdon’tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhoD.How17.____alltheinventionshavemonis____theyhavesucceeded.A.What;whatB.That;thatC.what;thatD.That;what18.____appearedtomethatheenjoyedthefoodverymuch.A.WhatB.ItC.AllthatD.That19.Itiswidely______thatsmokingcancausecancer.A.believedB.thinkC.sayD.hoped20.____causedtheaccidentisstillacompletemystery.A.WhatB.ThatC.HowD.WhereKeys:1—5ABABC6—10AABAC11—15BBCAB16—20BCBAA第二章“It”用法及其句型和固定搭配讲解"It"用法及其句型和固定搭配,是高中英语语法的重点、难点,又是近几年高考的热点,因此应给予充足的重视,现将it用法归纳如下:一、It用作实词表达以下概念:指代前文提到的事物,前文中的this,that;替代前文中的内容;指代一位性别不明的小孩或未知的人;指代未指明但谈话双方都知道的那件事;指代时间、天气、气候、距离等自然现象……二、It用作形式主语替代作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词,而把真正作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾。It作形式主语的常见句型:1.代作主语的动词不定式,其句型为(1)Itbeadj.(forsb.)todosth.此处adj.通常为描述事件的形容词:easy,difficult,hard,necessary,unnecessary,possible,impossible,likely,unlikely,right,wrong,important,unimportant,legal,illegal,well-mannered,ill-mannered,polite,impolite,clear,obvious,certain,suitable,proper,fit,useful,useless,dangerous…例Itisillegal(forateenager)todriveacarwithoutalicense.(2)Itbeadj.ofsb.todosth.此处adj.通常为描述人的形容词:kind,unkind,nice,rude,cruel,considerate,thoughtful,thoughtless,careful,careless,silly,foolish,stupid,clever,wise,crazy.例It'skindofyoutohelpmewiththeproblem.(3)It替代作主语的动名词的常见句型It'snogood/usedoing…It's(well)worthdoing…It's(well)worthone'swhiledoing/todo…It's(well)worthwhiledoing/todo例It'snousecryingoverspiltmilk.2.It替代作主语的从句常见句型(1)Itis+noun+从句例Itisnosecretthatthepresidentwantstohaveasecondtermatoffice.(2)Itisadj.+clauseIt'ssurprisingthat…(should)………居然……It'sapity/shamethat…(should)………居然……例It'simportantthatyoushouldapologizetoherforyourrudeness.(=It'sofmuchimportancethatyoushouldapologizetoherforyourrudeness.)(3)Itverbsb.+clause=Itisv-ing+clauseIt+surprise/delight/interest/disappoint/worry/disturb/annoy/amaze/bother/concern/frighten/please/angersb.that…例Itworriedmethatshedrovesofast.(=Itwasworryingthatshedrovesofast.)(4)Itverb(tosb.)that…=sb/sthverbtodo(verb=appear,seem,comeabout,emerge,follow,chance,happen,occur,transpire,turnout,workout)例It(so)happened/chancedthattheywereout.(=Theyhappened/chancedtobeout.)(5)Itisv-edthat…=sb/sthistodo(verb=say,report,think,believe,hope,expect,agree,accept,decide,determine,intend,plan,understand,know)例Itissaidthatthecouplehavegottendivorced.(=Thecouplearesaidtohavegottendivorced.)(6)Itisv-edthat…(should)…(verb=demand,request,require,order,suggest,advise,recommend例Itissuggestedthattheyshouldbeginwiththethirdquestion.三、It作主语的句型1.Ittakessb.…todo…(=sbtakes…todo…)某人用多长时间做某事例Ittookthemenaweektomendourroof.(=Thementookaweektomendourroof.)2.It's(just)(un)likesb.todo…(不)像某人做某事的风格例Itwas(just)likehimtothinkofhelpingus.3.It's(about/high)timethat…should/v-ed…是该做某事的时候了例It's(about/high)timethatweshouldtakeaction.4.It'sthex-thtime(that)…havev-ed…第几次做某事了例It'sthethirdtimethathehasfailedthedrivingtest.5.Itis/hasbeen…since…continuousv-ed(延续性动词)某动作已有多长时间不发生了例It's10yearsthathelivedhere6.Itwas(not)…before…过(不)了多长时间某动作发生了例Itwasnotlongbeforetheyarrived.四、It作形式宾语用来替代作宾语的从句、动词不定式、动名词,而把真正作宾语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾。It作形式宾语的常见句型:1.verb+it+adj./noun(for/of)todo/clause(verb=think,believe,suppose,consider,feel,make,keep…)例Ithinkithardforyoutodothetaskonyourown./Ithinkithardthatyou'lldothetaskonyourown.?????itishard?2.verb+it+adj./noun(one's)doing(adj.=useless/worth/worthwhile)(noun=nouse/nogood/worthone'swhile/awasteoftime/money/energy/words)(verb=think,believe,suppose,consider,feel,make,keep…)例I'llmakeitworthyourwhiletellingmeabouthissecret.3.verb+it+important/unimportant/necessary/unnecessary/natural/essentialthat…(should)…verb+it+ofmuch/great/no/littleimportancethat…(should)…(verb=think,believe,suppose,consider,feel,make,keep…)例Ithinkitimportantthatyou(should)attendtheconference.4.verb+it+as+noun/adj.+clause(verb=accept,regard,take,see,view)例Thelecturertakesitasencouragingwhensomanystudentsattendhislecture.>>>>???对不对///5.v.+it+prep.+that…oweittosb.that…把…归功于…leaveittosbthat…把…留给某人去做takeitforgrantedthat…想当然keepitinmindthat…例Don'tbothertoarrangeanything.Justleaveittometosortout.6.It用在不能直接跟宾语从句的动词后面,特别是表达好恶的动词后,enjoy,like,love,dislike,resent,hate,don'tmind,befondof,feellike,seeto宾语从句紧跟it之后例IhateityoucanswimsowellandIcan't.7.It用在不能直接跟宾语从句的介词后面,宾语从句紧跟it之后(exceptthat例外)例I'mforitthatyouwillfollowtheiradvice.五、强调句型Itis/was+被强调部分+that(who)…强调句型用来强调谓语动词以外的任何句子成分。当被强调部分是人时也可以用who。在使用强调句型时需注意以下几点:1.请注意强调句型的特殊疑问句例Whenwasitthathechangedhismindtotakepartintheactivity?2.在强调因素状语从句时,只能强调由because所引导的从句例Itwasbecausehewasillthathedidn'tcometoschoolyesterday.3.在强调not…until结构时必须把not与until一起放到被强调的位置上例ItwasnotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesthatIrealizedshewasmybrother.4.注意强调句型与定语从句的区别例Itwasat7o'clockthathecamehereyesterday.(强调句型)Itwas7o'clockwhenhecamehereyesterday.(定语从句)六、It常用的固定搭配1.makeit(1).在口语当中相称于succeed,表达:成功、做到、说定、赶上、及时到达例It'shardtomakeittothetopinshowbusiness.(2).在口语中相称于fixthedatefor,表达“约定好时间”例—Shallwemeetnextweek?—OK.WejustmakeitnextSaturday.2.asitis(1).相称于infact,inreality表达“事实上,实际情况是……”例Wehadplanedtofinishthetasktoday,butasitisweprobablywon'tfinishituntilnextweek.(2).相称于方式状语从句,表达“照原样”例Leavethetableasitis.3.asitwere相称于asonemightsay,thatistosay,表达“也就是说,可以说,换句话说”例Heis,asitwere,amodernSherlockHolmes.4.ifitweren'tfor…/ifithadn'tbeenfor…用来引导虚拟语气,相称于without,orbutfor,表达“假如不是……,要不是……”例Ifitweren'tforTom,Iwouldn'tbealivetoday.5.that'sit(1).相称于That'sall.That'ssomuch.表达“至此为止,没有别的了”例Youcanhaveonemoresweet,andthat'sit.(2).相称于That'sright.表达“对啦”例—Iguessthekeytotblemisthechoice“A”—That'sit.6.catchit在口语中,相称于bepunished/scoldedfordoingsth.wrong.表达“因做错事而挨骂,受责备,受批评,受处罚”例We'llreallycatchitfromourteacherifwe'relateforclassagain.7.haveit(1).相称于say,insist表达“说,主张,表白,硬说”例Rumourhasitthattheyaregettingdivorced.(2).相称于gettoknowsomething,表达“了解,知道,获悉”例IhaditfromJohnthatshewasgoingabroad.8.havewhatittakes在口语中,相称于bewellqualifiedfor,表达“具有成功的条件”例Youcantakeitfrommethatyourdaughterhaswhatittakestobeastar.9.soitseems/appears.10.Keepatit!(Don'tgiveup!)相称于goon,表达“继续做,不放弃”例Myteacheraskedmetokeepatit.11.Goit!(Goon!)拼命干,莽撞12.Nowyouhavedoneit!(Youhavedonesth.wrong.)13.Nowyou'llcatchit!(You'llbepunished.)14.Asithappened,…在口语中,相称于it'sapitythat…,表达“真不凑巧,真遗憾”例Asithappened,theywereout.15.Asitturnedout,…在口语中,相称于itwasfoundtobeintheend,表达“最后被证明是”例Asitturnedout,hisstatementwasfalse.16.Suchasitis(theyare)在口语中,相称于althoughitmaynotbeworthmuch,表达“虽然没有多大价值”例Youcanborrowmyexamnotebook,suchasitis.17.Takeit/thingseasy.相称于Don'tworryordon'thurry.用来劝辞别人,表达“不要慌,别紧张,存住气”例Takeiteasy!Hewilldoitwell.18.Takeitfromme.在口语中,相称于believemewhatIsay.表达“请相信我的话,我敢担保”例Youcantakeitfrommethathewillmakeitthistime.19.Forwhatitisworth…在口语中,相称于althoughI'mnotsureit'sofvalue,表达“不管其价值如何”例HereisthearticleIpromiseyou,forwhatit'sworth.20.Worthit在口语中,相称于useful,表达“有好处,值得做”例Don'thesitateaboutit!It'sworthit.21.Believeitornot.表达“信不信由你”例Believeitornot,TomisgettingmarriedtoMarynextSunday.22.Takeitorleaveit.v.要么接受要么放弃例Thatismylastoffer.Youcantakeitorleaveit.23.Italldepends/thatalldepends在口语中,相称于ithasn'tbeendecidedyet,表达“那得看情况,还没有定下来”例—Areyougoingtothecountrysideforholiday?—It/Thatalldepends.24.It'suptosb.在口语中,相称于it'sdecidedbysb.表达“由……决定,由……负责,取决于……”例—Shallwegooutfordinner?—It'suptoyou.“It”用法及其句型和固定搭配专练1.WasitduringtheSecondWorldWar_____hedied?A.thatB.whileC.inwhichD.then(88)2.Is____necessarytocompletethedesignbeforeNationalDay?A.thisB.thatC.itD.he(89)3.Idon'tthink____possibletomasteraforeignlanguagewithoutmuchmemorywork.A.thisB.thatC.itsD.it(91)4.Does______matterifhecan'tfinishthejobontime?A.thisB.thatC.heD.it(91)5.Itwasnot_____shetookoffherglasses_____Irealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.A.when,thatB.until,thatC.until,thatD.when,then(92)6.Iwasdisappointedwiththefilm.Ihadexpected______tobemuchbetter.A.thatB.thisC.oneD.it(93)7.Itwasnotuntil1920______regularradiobroadcastsbegan.A.whileB.whichC.thatD.since(94)8.______isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It(95)9.ItwasonlywhenIrereadthispoemsrecently_____Ibegantoappreciatetheirbeauty.A.untilB.thatC.thenD.so(97)10.Ihate_____whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.A.itB.thatC.theseD.them(98)11.Itistheabilitytodothejob_____mattersnotwhereyoucomefromorwhatyouare.A.oneB.thatC.whatD.it(2023)12.Ilike___intheautumnwhentheweatherisclearandbright.(2023)A.thisB.thatC.itD.one13.—Doyoulike___here?—Oh,yes.Theair,theweather,thewayoflife.Everythingissonice.(全国卷)A.thisB.TheseC.ThatD.it14.Weneededanewcupboardforthekitchen.SoPetermade___fromsomewood.(全国卷)A.itB.OneC.HimselfD.another15.TheforeignMinistersaid,"_____ourhopethatthetwosideswillworktowardspeace."(2023北京)A.ThisisB.ThereisC.ThatisD.Itis16._____isreportedinthenewspaper,talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.(2023北京)A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What17.—Howoftendoyoueatout?(2023,天津)—________,butusuallyonceaweek.A.HavenoideaB.ItdependsC.AsusualD.Generallyspeaking18.Wewantedtogethomebeforedark,butitdidn'tquite_____asplaned.(2023浙江卷)A.makeoutB.turnoutC.goonD.comeup19.—Whatdoyouwanttodonext?Wehavehalfanhouruntilthebasketballgame.—________.Whateveryouwanttodoisfinewithme.A.ItjustdependsB.It'suptoyouC.AllrightD.Gladtohearthat20.Itwas____backhomeaftertheexperiment.A.notuntilmidnightdidhegoB.untilmidnightthathedidn'tgoC.notuntilmidnightthathewentD.untilmidnightwhenhedidn'tgoKEYS:1-5ACDDB6-10DCDBA11-15ACDBD16-20BBBBC第三章高中英语语法中的省略现象在英语语言中,为了使语言简洁明了,重点突出或上下文紧密相连,可以省去某些句子成分而保持句子乐意不变,这种语言现象称之为省略。现就英语中的种种省略现象分析如下:一、并列复合句中的省略在并列句中后边的分句可以省略与前边分句中相同的成分。如:a)Theboypickedupacoinintheroadand(theboy)handedittoapoliceman.这个男孩在马路上捡起一枚硬币并把他交给了警察。b)Youradvicemademehappybut(youradvicemade)Tomangry.你的建议使我快乐但使汤姆气愤。c)TommusthavebeenplayingbasketballandMary(musthavebeen)doingherhomework.汤姆肯定一直在打篮球,玛丽一直在写作业。d)GaoXiuminwasbornin1959andFuBiao(wasborn)in1963.高秀敏出生于1959年,傅彪出生于1963年。二、主从复合句中的省略1.状语从句中的省略一般说来省略现象多余现在下列五种状语从句中:由when,while,as,before,after,till,until,once等引导的时间状语从句;由whether,if,unless等引导的条件状语从句;由though,although,evenif,whatever等引导的让步状语从句;由as,than等引导的比较状语从句;由as,asif,asthough等引导的方式状语从句。上述状语从句在省略时应遵循下面原则:1)当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时,可以省略状语从句的主语和系动词be,这时从句中可出现如下结构:(1)连词(as,asif,once)+名词;(2)连词(though,whether,when)+形容词;(3)连词(whether,asif,while)+介词短语;(4)连词(when,while,though)+现在分词;(5)连词(when,if,evenif,unless,once,until,than,as)+过去分词;(6)连词(asif,asthough)+不定式。如:a)Once(hewas)aworker,PangLongnowbecomesafamoussinger.庞龙曾经是个工人,现在变成一位著名的歌手。b)Workhardwhen(youare)young,oryou'llregret.趁年轻要努力学习,要不然你会后悔的。c)Helookedeverywhereasif(hewas)insearchofsomething.他到处看似乎在找什么东西。d)While(hewas)holdingtalkswithPresidentHuJintao,USPresidentGeorgeW.BushthankedChinaforitsimportantroleintheSix-PartyTalks.美国总统布什在与胡锦涛主席会谈时,感谢中国在六方会谈中起的重要作用。e)Theexhibitionismoreinterestingthan(itwas)expected.这次展览比被预料的有趣的多。f)OlympicgoldmedallisthurdlerLiuXiangopenedhislipsasif(hewere)tospeak。奥林匹克金牌获得者跨栏运动员刘翔张开嘴仿佛要说什么。注意:1)当从句的主语和主句的宾语一致时,间或也有这样的省略,如:Herfathertoldhertobecarefulwhen(shewas)crossingthestreet.当她过马路时父亲告诉她要当心。2)当从句的主语是it,谓语动词中又具有系动词be时,可以把it和系动词be一起省略。此时构成连词(if,unless,when,whenever)+形容词的结构。如:Unless(itis)necessary,you'dbetternotrefertothedictionary.假如没有必要,你最佳不要查字典。2.定语从句中的省略1)一般说来,在限制性定语从句中,作宾语的关系代词that,which,whom可以省略;如:Isthisreason(that)heexplainedatthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?这就是他在会上解释他工作中粗心的因素吗?(2023上海春季)而在非限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词which,whom不可以省略。试比较:Tom(whom)yousawyesterdayfellill.(whom可以省)你昨天见到的汤姆病倒了。Tom,whomyousawyesterday,fellill.(whom不可以省)汤姆病倒了,你昨天见到他了。2)在口语和非正式用语中,关系副词when,where,和why经常用that来代替,甚至还可省略。如:a)Thisisthefirsttime(when/that)hehadtroublewiththeboss.这是他第一次麻烦老板。b)Hewantstofindagoodplace(where/that)wecanhaveapicnicduringthe“goldenweek”holiday.他想找一个能在黄金周期间野餐的好地方。c)Couldyoutellusthereason(why/that)hewassounhappy?你能告诉我们他为什么如此不快乐吗?3)当先行词为表达方式的theway时,从句不能用how来引导,应当用that或inwhich,或将它们所有省略。如:Idon'tliketheway(that/inwhich)youlaughather.我不喜欢你嘲笑他的行为。3.宾语从句中的省略1)在及物动词后面所接的宾语从句中,连词that一般可以省略;但假如及物动词后面是由that引导的两个或两个以上的并列的宾语从句,那么只有第一个that可以省略。如:a)Ithink(that)thereformoftherenminbi'sexchangerateisnecessary.我认为人民币兑换率的改革是必要的。b)Hesaid(that)theAnti-secessionlawhadbeenpassedandthatPresidentHuJintaohadsignedapresidentialorder他说《反分裂国家法》已被通过,并且胡锦涛主席已签署了主席令。2)由which,when,where,how,和why引导的宾语从句,可以所有或部分省略。如:a)IknowthatNBAstarYaoMingwietoourcitybutIdon’tknowwhen(hewillcometoourcity).我知道NBA明星要到我们城市来但我不知道他什么时候来。b)Hewantstomoveabroadbuthisparentswonderswhy(hewantstomoveabroad)他想搬迁到国外但他的父母想知道为什么。4.在与suggest,request,order,advise等词相关的名词性从句中,须用虚拟语气形式“should+动词原形”,should可以省略。如:Chirac,PresidentoftheRepublicofFrancesuggestedthattheChina-FranceCultureYear(should)lastlonginvariousforms.法国总统希拉克建议中法文化年以各种各样的形式长期连续。5.主句省略多用于句首。如:(Itisa)PitythatIdidn’tgotoMary'sbirthdaypartyyesterday.很遗憾,我昨天没有去参与玛丽的生日聚会。6.在答语中,主句可所有省略。如:—WhywereyouabsentfromschoollastFriday?—(Iwasabsentfromschool)Becausemymotherwasill.—上周五你为什么没有上学?—由于我妈妈病了。三、简朴句中的省略1.省略主语1)祈使句中的主语通常被省略如:(You)Openthedoor,please.请开一下门。2)其它省略主语多限于现成的说法如:a)(I)Thankyouforyourhelp谢谢你的帮助。b)(It)Doesn’tmatter.没关系。2.省略主谓语或主谓语的一部分如:a)(Thereis)Nosmoking.严禁抽烟b)(Isthere)anythingelse?尚有其他事吗?c)(Youcome)Thiswayplease.请这边走。d)(Willyou)Haveasmoke?抽烟吗?3.省略宾语如:—DoyouknowMr.Li?你结识李先生吗?—Idon’tknow(him.)我不结识他4.省略表语如:—Areyouthirsty?你30岁了吗?Yes,Iam(thirsty).是的,我是。5.同时省略几个成分如:a)—Areyoufeelingbetternow?你觉得好些了吗?—(Iamfeeling)Muchbetter(now)好多了。b)(Iwish)Goodluck(toyou).祝你好运/祝你顺利。四、动词不定式省略,只保存to的场合1.不定式作某些动词的宾语时,这些动词常见的有:love,like,care,wish,hope,expect,prefer,refuse,mean,try,oblige,advise,persuade,agree,want,afford,forget,remember,try,manage等。如:a)—Youshouldhavethankedherbeforeyouleft.—Imeantto,butwhenIwasleavingIcouldn’tfindheranywhere.—你本该在离开前谢谢她。—我本打算这么做,但当我就要离开的时候我却找不到她了。(2023上海春)b)Youcandoitthiswayifyouliketo.假如你想做,你可以这么做。2.不定式作某些动词的宾语补足语或主语补足语时,这些动词常见的有:ask,tell,advise,force,persuade,wish,allow,permit,forbid,expect,order,warn等。如:a)Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhimnotto.男孩想在街上骑他的自行车,但他母亲不让。(NMET1995)b)Shewantstocomebutherparentswon’tallowherto(come).她想来,可是她父母不让。3.不定式在句中作某些形容词的状语时,常见的形容词有:happy,glad,eager,anxious,willing,ready等。如:—Iwillbeawayonabusinesstrip.Couldyoumindlookingaftermycat?—Notatall.Iwouldbehappyto(lookafteryourcat).此处tolookafteryourcat做状语???—我要出差,你能帮我照顾一下我的猫吗?—没关系,我很乐意。4.不定式作某些复合谓语时,常见结构如:beableto,begoingto,haveto,oughtto,usedto等。如:Hedoesn’tlikefishbutheusedto他现在不喜欢吃鱼,但过去喜欢。五、动词不定式to的省略1.主语部分有todo,系动词is或was时,作表语的不定式通常省去to。如:Theonlythingyouhavetodoispressthebutton.你必须做的惟一事情是按按钮。2.作介词but,expect,besides的宾语,前面又有实意动词do时,不定式通常省去to.如:HesaidthatChenShuibianhadnothingtodoexceptpushapro-“independence”timetable.他说陈水扁除了推动支持“独立”的时间表外,什么也没有做。3.主语部分暗含todo,表语中的不定式通常省去to。如:AllIwant(todo)isgotoschoolandstudyhard.我想要(做)的就是上学,努力学习。4.当两个或多个不定式并列时,其后的不定式符号可以省略,但有对比关系时不可省略。如:Itiseasiertosaythantodo.说起来容易,做起来难。5.在wouldrather…than…等结构中,不定式符号经常要省略.如:Iwouldratherstayathomethangotoseeafilm.我宁愿呆在家也不愿去看电影。6.在see,watch,notice,hear,listento,lookat,feel,have,make,let,observe等词后作宾语补足语时省略不定式符号to;why(not)do结构中,不定式不带to。如:a)Isawherentertheroom.我看见她进入了房间b)Whynotjoinus?为什么不加入到我们的行列里来呢?六.其他一些省略结构1.名词所有格修饰的名词,若表达住宅、店铺、教堂或上下文已暗示或明确指出过的事物时,经常可以省略。如:WespenttheweekendattheMary's.我们在玛丽家过的周末。2.What和how引导的感慨句中,常可省略主语it和be动词如:a)Whatawonderfulvictory(itis)forTom!这对Tom来说是个多么大的胜利呀!b)Howbeautiful(itis)tobetreatedlikeanormalchild.被当作一个正常孩子对待对他而言是多么美妙的一件事呀。第四章主谓一致主谓一致(Subject-VerbAgreement),指”人称”和”数方面的一致关系.如:Heisgoingabroad.Theyareplayingfootball.可分为:语法一致,内容一致,就近一致.(一)语法一致原则:即主语为单数,谓语用单数,主语为复数,谓语也用复数.以下为注意事项:1.单数主语即使后面带有with,alongwith,togetherwith,like(象),but(除了),except,besides,aswellas,nolessthan,ratherthan(而不是),including,inadditionto引导的短语,谓语动词仍用单数.如:Airaswellaswaterismatter.空气和水都是物质.Nooneexcepttwoservantswaslateforthedinner.除了两个仆人外,没有一个人迟来用餐。2.用and连接的并列主语,假如主语是同一个人,同一事,同一概念,谓语动词用单数,否则用复数.如:Thepoetandwriterhascome.那位诗人兼作家来了.(一个人)Ahammerandasawareusefultools.锤子和锯都是有用的工具.(两样物)用and连接的成对名词习惯上被当作是一个整体,如:breadandbutter(黄油抹面包),knifeandfork(刀叉)等作主语时,谓语动词用单数。3.不定式(短语),动名词(短语),或从句作主语时,谓语动词用单数.如:Servingthepeopleismygreathappiness.为人民服务是我最大的幸福.Whenwe’llgooutforanoutinghasbeendecided.我们什么时候出去郊游已决定了。4.用连接的并列主语被each,every或no修饰时,谓语动词用单数.Everyboyandeverygirllikestogoswimming.每个男孩和每个女孩都喜欢去游泳.Noteacherandnostudentwas
温馨提示
- 1. 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
- 2. 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等,如果需要附件,请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
- 3. 本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸,网页内容里面会有图纸预览,若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
- 4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
- 5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
- 6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
- 7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。
最新文档
- GB/T 18281.2-2024医疗保健产品灭菌生物指示物第2部分:环氧乙烷灭菌用生物指示物
- 工作总结之电脑维修实习总结
- 电工电子技术(第3版) 课件 5.6 多级放大电路
- 银行内部审计报告制度
- 银行合规管理制度更新
- 采购物资供应商评价与淘汰制度
- 教练技术课件-你也可以是教练
- 常见病食疗-大学课件-中医养生分享
- 《计价基础》课件
- 生物教学反思
- 《物流信息技术与应用》期末考试复习题库(含答案)
- 安徽合肥国有企业招聘笔试题库2024
- LNG加气站运营与维护方案
- 人教版数学六上第四单元《比》全单元教学设计
- 2024年下半年教师资格考试高中思想政治学科知识与教学能力测试试卷及答案解析
- 幼儿园大班语言活动《新年礼物》课件
- LY/T 3371-2024草原生态状况评价技术规范
- 军队文职公共科目(国防与军队)模拟试卷1(共248题)
- 2024年中华全国律师协会招聘5人历年(高频重点复习提升训练)共500题附带答案详解
- 供货能力方案
- 四川2024年四川省公安厅招聘警务辅助人员186人笔试历年典型考题及考点附答案解析
评论
0/150
提交评论