初中英语代词讲解

Pronoun代词人称代词物主代词反身代词指示代词相互代词疑问代词关系代词不定代词一.概念二、分类:按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为：主格I,you,

she,he,it,we,you,they,

宾格

me,you,her,him,it,us,you,themadj性my,your,her,his,its,our,your,their,

n性mine,yours,hers,his,its,ours,yours,theirs

myself,yourself,

herself,himself,itself,ourselves,yourselves,themselves,

oneselfthis,that,these,those,eachother,oneanotherwho,whom,which,whose,whatwho,whom,which,whose,that,as代词是代替名词的一种词类。用来代替上文中提到过的人或物。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。sth…;sb…;both…;all…;no;another,others…ItwasIwhometherin...ItwasherwhoImetin...Itishewhoteaches…Itisuswhoheteaches.

HeteachesusP.E.

1.人称代词主格:

I,you,

she,he,it,we,you,they,

宾格:me,you,her,him,it,us,you,them1).用作主语时用主格，用作宾语、表语时用宾格。

但在强调句型中,被强调的代词的主格宾格保持不变。在省略谓语的句子中,用作主语的人称代词常用宾格TheKingsaremusic-lovers.Theyoftengototheconcert.NancyisaP.Eteacher.I’veknownherforyears.A:DoesanyoneknowSusan’se-mailaddress?/Whoisondutytoday?/WhohasbeentoJapan?B:Me.

Imetherinthebar.在用than、as表示比较的句子中用主格,宾格都可以

Heistallerthanme/I.Icanrunasfastashe/him.但有时用主格与宾格意义不同，如：1.Heloveshermorethan

I=HeloveshermorethanIloveher.2.Helovesher

morethan

me=Heloveshermorethanhelovesme.3.IlikeBobasmuchas

him.=IlikebothBobandhim.4.IlikeBobasmuchas

he.=IlikeBobandhelikesBob,too.2)两个以上的人称代词并列时,其次序排列原则:二三一人称.“我”总是放在最后,在并列主语中,排列顺序为:

you,she/heandI,

并列宾格:you,her/himandme,

3)人称代词的特殊用法：

we/you在口语中常用来泛指一般人。she,her

通常用来代表国家、船只、大地、月亮等。

You,sheandIwillbeinchargeofthecase.Mr.Liaskedyou,Tomandmetocleanthewindows.YoulearnEnglishbetterifyoustayinanEnglish-speakingcountry.TheTitanic,thelargestshipatthattimestarted

herfirstjourneyonasunnyday.Chinaismymotherland,Althoughsheisnotrichenoughnow,Istillloveherverymuch.

it的用法:1).代替上文中提到的动物、无生命的或抽象的事物2)表示性别不明显的婴儿3)指代录像、照片以及心中所想的人,或只闻其声未见其人的,非活生生的具体真人。4)指代天气、时间、距离

A:Who’sthemanbesideyouinthephoto?B:It’smycousinHenry.A:Someoneisknockingatthedoor,Whocanitbe?B:Ibetit’sMike.Iwarnedhimnottosmoke,butitdidn’thelp.Lookatthebaby,it’ssocute/lovely.ItisWednesdaytoday.Itneverrainsbutitpours!Itistenminutes’walkfrommyhousetothepark.ItisfifteenyearssincehecametoShanghai.5)用于强调句6)在一些惯用结构中作形式主语或形式宾语ItisimportantforustolearnEnglishwell.Itiskind/niceofyoutohelpmewithmymath.Ifind/thinkitusefultoreadEnglisheveryday.Itisourdutytostudyhard.It’sapleasureformetoplaytheguitarforyouall.Itisapitythatyoumissedthefootballmatch.ItissaidthatantrafficaccidenthappenedtohimlastnightItwasreportedthatarobberyhappenedhere.Itseemedthathisinterviewwasasuccess.Itdoesn’tmatterwhattheywillsay.Itis/was+被强调部分+that(强调人可用who)+剩余部分

HeteachesusP.E.Itishewhoteaches…/Itisus…

makeit（口语）获得成功;

takeiteasy从容，不着急letitgo不去理会,随它去（不屑或懒得多说或做什么）

this/thatisit

这/那正是我(们)所需要的;这/那正是失败的原因所在；这/那正是最后的结果了。Ittakesallsortstomakeaworld.Ittakesmetenminutestogotoschoolonfoot.Heneverreallymadeitasanactorbefore2000.Westillhavehalfanhour,Takeiteasy!Idon’tagreewithhim,butlwillitgoatthat.Ioverheardhertalkingaboutme,butIletitgo.I’vebeenlookingforahouseformonthsandIthinkthisisit.I’mafraidthat’sit,wehavelostthematch!2.物主代词形容词性:my,your,her,his,its,our,your,their,

名词性:mine,yours,hers,his,its,ours,yours,theirs

adj

物主代词属于限定词,后面必须有n,只能作定语。

n性物主代词在用法上相当于“adj

词性物主代词+n”既有表示所属的作用又有指代作用，

Thisisn’therpen.Herslooksnewerandcleaner.主语Ilostmybike,CanIuseyours.宾语Lookforyourkeysinyourbag,notinmine.介词宾语:双重属格为：a/an,this,that…+n+of+n性物主代词

afriendofmine.eachbrotherofhis.形容词own常用在形容词性物主代词后面加强语气

one’sown+名词=.名词ofone’sown

Ihavemyowncar/friends=Ihaveacar/friendsofmyown.Isawit

withmyowneyes!含有物主代词的词组

onone’sown=byoneself独立地，独自地try/doone’sbesttodosth竭尽全力做某事loseone’sway/temper/life.迷路/发脾气/丧命loseone’shearttosb/sth=fallinlovewith…钟情于inone’sforties/fifties在某人40/50来岁的时候doone’shomework做作业；inone’sopinion依某人看beone’sownmaster/mistress独立自主keep/loseone’sbalance(

因保持/失去平衡而)稳住/倒下Keep/loseone’shead保持镇定/昏头，冲动Keep/breakone’spromise信守/违背诺言keep/breakone’sword守信/失信,食言

eatone’swords承认自己说错话onone’swaytospinone’sfree/sparetime在某人的闲暇时光holdone’sbreath屏息;loseone’sbreath气喘吁吁toone’ssurprise/disappointment令某人惊讶/失望的是1).作动词的宾语Behaveyourselves,children!Weenjoyedourselves=hadagoodtimelastnight.

Pleasehelpyourselftosomefish,Lora.

2).作介词的宾语She’sveryangrywithherselfforhercarelessness.I’mconfidentofmyself=Ihaveconfidenceinmyself.Theywerediscussingaboutitamongthemselves.3).作表语:I’mnotfeelingmyselftoday.What’swrongwithyou?Youdon’tlookyourselftoday.

4).作同位语，起强调作用

Thebookitselfisgood,butitisn’tsuitableforyou.Theboyhimselfisnotbadalthoughheisnaughty.3.反身代词myself,yourself,

herself,himself,itself,ourselves,yourselves,themselves,

oneselfenjoyoneself=haveagoodtime玩得开心teachoneselfsth=learnsthbyoneself自学…buyoneselfsth=buysthforoneself为自己买…calloneselfawriter/JayChou自称作家/周杰论introduceoneself自我介绍；beproudofoneself自豪devoteoneselfto全神贯注于;献身于behaveoneself举止规范;expressoneself表达思想hurtoneself弄伤自己;dressoneself(up)穿衣(打扮)Helponeselftosome…随便吃/喝点….makeoneselfathome,放松；别拘束makeoneselfunderstood让别人明白/理解自己thinkmoreofoneselfthanothers考虑自己多于别人feeloneself感到有精神;lookoneself跟往常一样健康byoneself=onone’sown独自地;独立地一些常见的包含反身代词的词组

指示代词的句法功能:作主语、宾语、介词宾语:4.指示代词:指示代词的特殊指代功能：

1.介绍别人时要用thisis;ThisisMissLi.ThisisTom2.this

常指下文中要讲到的事物，有启下的作用；

that

则指上文中提到过的人/事物有承上的作用。this,these

一般指时间或空间上较近的人或物；that,those

常指时间或空间较远的人或物。Iwanttotellyouthis:Thepartywillbeputoff.Hehurthislegyesterday.That'swhyhedidn'tcome.1ThisisthebestwaytodolearnEnglish.

2Ilikethisbetterthanthat.3Idon‘twanttotalkaboutthat.4.若用于指代与前面提及的同类事物,若该n的修饰语在

后,则多用that(单数n和不可数n),

those(复数n);ThetrafficonHuminRoadisheavierthanthatonGuilinR.TheweatherinBeijingisdrierthanthatinShanghai.Thebook

onthedeskisasnewastheone/thatontheshelf.Theearsofarabbitarelongerthanthoseofafox.

3.打电话时“你”“我”不用“you”“I”

而要用that,

this,A:Whoisthat?B:ThisisLilyspeaking.5.that和those可作定语从句的先行词,

those常用来指人Wearelookingforthosewhosinganddancewell.Thosewhoalwaysworkhardaresuretosucceed.

指示代词还可作限定词:ThatboyisBob.Thesetreesareours.

this

morning/afternoon/evening/week/month/

Wednesday/autumn/year/term

thistime,thisway5.相互代词eachother,oneanothereachother指两个人/物之间,oneanother指多个之间,但

eachother

常用来代替oneanother相互代词只能作动词和介词的宾语

相互代词可加-'s构成所有格，例如：Peopleshouldcareaboutandhelpeachother/oneanother.Wewritetoeachother.Treescancommunicatewitheachother.AnnandJaneoftensharesnackswitheachotherAlthoughthey’vetalkedforfivehours,theydon’tknoweachother'snames.

6.疑问代词:指人:who,whom,whose;指物:

what;指人/物:which疑问代词在句中作主语、宾语、定语和表语,位于谓语动词之前,没有性和数的变化,除who之外也没有格的变化。who问姓名/关系,what

问职业等2)whom是who的宾格,作动词宾语或介词宾语,在口

语中可用who代替,

但在介词后只能用whom,例如：

Who(m)didyoumeetonthestreet?（作动词宾语）

Who(m)willyougivethebookto?（介宾,置句首）Towhomdidyouspeakjustnow?

3)which指一定范围内,而what,who则无范围限制

Whichdoyoulikebest?What/Whodoyoulikebest?4)what,which,whose

还可作限定词。

Whatbooksdoyoulikereading?Whichbooksareyours?Whosebookisthis?就划线部分提问1.Themanwithlonghairisanartist2.Theman

haslonghair3.Thecaroverthereismine.4.Mycarisoverthere.5.SallygaveJohn

acardyesterday.

6.ItisAugust1st.7.ItisTuesday.8.Itisfoggytoday.

Whoisanartist?

Whichmanisanartist?Whatisthemanwithlonghair?

Whatisyours?

Whichcarisyours?Whoseisthecaroverthere?

Whosecarisoverthere?Whatisoverthere?Whereisyourcar

WhogaveJohnacaryesterday?

WhomdidSallygiveacard

toyesterday?WhatdidSallygiveJohnyesterday?

Whohaslonghair?Whatdoesthemanlooklike?9.Thereareabout1,800,000peopleinShanghai?10.Thetrousersare489dollars.11.Kennyistallandstrong,cleverandfriendlyandgoodatsportsandplayingtheguitar.12.YaoMingis226centimetres.13.Heweighs75kilos14.Myhandbagiswhite.HowmanypeoplearethereinShanghai?WhatisthepopulationofShanghai?WhatdoesKennylooklike?HowisKenny?WhatdoyouthinkofKenny?=HowdoyoulikeKenny?WhatisKennylike?HowtallisYaoMing?What’sYaoMing’sheight?

Howmuchdoesheweigh?Howheavyishe?What’shisweight?

Howmucharethetrousers?Whatisthepriceofthetrousers?Whatcolorisyourhandbag?*7.关系代词是用来引导定语从句的代词，包括

who,whom,which,whose,that,as.用于指人:whowhom,that;用于指物:which和that,whose既可指人也可指物;as指代整个一句话1.who,which和that用作主语,

Heisthemanwho/thatlivesnextdoor.Thetrainwhich/thathasjustleftisforBeijing.2.whom,which,that用作宾语,Theman(whom/that)yousawisafamousactor.

Isthisthebook(which/that)youboughtlastweek?3.whose用作定语,如：

Heisthemanwhosecarwasstolenlastweek.Thisisthecarwhosewindowswerebroken.4.as用作主语/宾语Asweallknow=asisknowntousall,theearthisround.主要有：由some,any,no和every构成合成代词，something,anything,nothing,everything,somebody,=someone,anybody-anyone,nobody=noone,everybody=everyone,

还有all,none

any,

each,everyone,both,either,neither,one,ones,afew,few,many,alittle,little,much,another,theother,others,theothers,some,any,no等。8、不定代词1).something,anything,nothing,everything,Somethingiswrongwithmywatch.Isthereanythingimportantintoday’snewspaper?Wouldyougivemesomethingtodrink?不定代词具有名词和形容词的性质，并有可数和不可数之分，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、同位语、定语、状语等（every、no只能作定语）

2)

somebody=someone,某人anybody=anyone,任何人nobody=noone,没有人everybody=everyone每个人

everyoneof=eachoneof某些人/物中的每一个

noneof(+复数/不可数n)

某些人/物中没有一个

nothingbutsth=onlysth,nobodybut=onlysb只有某人Oneshouldn’tjudgeapersonbyhis/herappearanceorwhathe/shewears.

Thereisnothing=notanythingintheroom.Youcanaskmeforanythingifyouneed.Everythingisready,isn’t?Thereisnothingbutachairintheroom.NobodybutWendyknowsthesecret.Somebodyiscallingyoudownstairs.Nobodyenteredtheteachers’office,dothey?Anybodywillhelpyouwhenyou’reintrouble.Howmanypearsarethereonthetree?—None.Howmuchmilkisthereintheglass?—None.Noneofthestudentssolvedthemathproblem,didthey?3).one,ones,

若被指代的n的修饰语在后面，则代词多用that(单数n)和

those(复数n);若此名词为不可数名词,则只能用that.Theairinthecountryisfresherthanthatinthecity.Thelightoutsideisbrighterthanthatintheroom.Yourdressisbetterthanthat/theoneintheshop.Hershoesaresimilartotheones/thoseIhadyesterday.

Thewindowsofmyroomareasbigastheones/thoseofhis.

指代与上文中提到的n同类中的一个/一些,单数为one,复数为ones.one(s)可带形容词修饰语或限定词:a/an,the,some,any,next,this,that,which和定语从句.Thebushasgone,youhavetowaitforthenextone.IsthishattheoneyouboughtinFrance?

Thebluevaseistwiceasexpensiveasthewhiteone.YourMp3isnice,Iwillbuyoneatweekends.Theseapplesaretoosmall,doyouhaveanybiggerones?1.Kelly’srighteyeisgreen,its_________eyeisblue.2.Iamstillhungry,canIhave________cake?

3.Doyoumindshowingmesome____pears,thesearetoosmall.4.Thereisonlyoneglove,whereis____________?5.Weneed_______fivedaystofinishthework.6.There’remanypeopleinthepark,someareflyingkitessomearetakingawalkand____aresittingonthegrass.7.TwoboysandonegirlinourclasscomefromTaiwan,____________________arefromShanghai.othertheotheronetheothers/therestothersanotherotheranother4.another(+单数/数字+复数),又一个/几个(泛指)theother两者中的另一个(前面一般有two,twins,eyes,ears,hands,gloves,thestreet,parents等暗含2的n)others(=other+复数),其他的;别的,(泛指),多与some

搭配theothers(=oth