沈农大水利英语-forth=lesson1-SPECIALTY-ENGLISHppt

SPECIALTYENGLISH

ONWATERRESOURCESENGINEERING

LiBoCollegeofWaterConservancy

ShenyangAgriculturalUniversitylesson1TheHydrologicCycle1.1Schematicofthehydrologiccycle水文循环示意图1.2technicaltermsHydrologiccycleThecirculationofwaterfromthesea,throughtheatmosphere,totheland,andthence,oftenwithmanydelays,backtotheseaoroceanthroughvariousstagesandprocessasprecipitation,interception,runoff,infiltration,percolation,ground-waterstorage,evaporationandtranspiration,alsothemanyshortcircuitsofthewaterthatisreturnedtotheatmospherewithoutreachingthesea.水文循环海洋的水，由大气携带到陆地，然后经过各阶段与过程，如降水、截留、径流、入渗、渗漏、地下水储存、蒸发和散发，从陆地返回海洋(中间经常存在许多迟滞现象)的循环，也包括水从陆地返回大气而不到达海洋去的各种小循环。1.2technicaltermsHydrologicequationThewaterinventoryequation(inflow=outflow+storage)whichexpressesthebasicprinciplethatduringagiventimeinternalthetotalinflowtoanareamustequalthetotaloutflowplusthenetchangeinstorage.

水文方程或水量平衡方程水量平衡方程（入流=出流+蓄水）表达了一基本原理，即在给定时段内，流入一区域的总流入量必然等于总出流量加上蓄水量的净变量。Inventory:存货；库存Availableinventory可用的库存Thetotalmeasurablesupplyofwaterofallformsoffallingmoisture,includingdew,rain,mist,snow,hailandsleet.所能观测到的包括露、降雨、霜、雪、冰雹和霰等所有形式的降水的总量。Precipitation

降水1.2technicalterms日、月、年降水量daily,monthly,yearlyprecipitation水面降水量channelprecipation年平均降水量meanannualprecipitation加权平均的月降水量weightedmeanmonthlyprecipitation1.Afallofrain

-precipitationintheformofliquidwater.降雨-以液态形式的降水。2.Theamountofrain

-usuallyexpressedinmillimetres(inches)depthofwateronanarea,thatreachesthesurfaceoftheearth.

降雨量-通常用到达地面的水深来度量，单位为mm（或英寸）rainfall

降雨，降雨量1.2technicalterms最大可能降雨maximumprobablerainfall点降雨量pointrainfall(单站降雨量therainfallatasinglestation)年平均降雨量meanannualrainfall降雨强度rainfallintensity降雨强度频率或重现期rainfallintensityfrequency,orrainfallrecurrenceintervalPortionoftotalprecipitationfromagivenareathatappearsinnaturalorartificialsurfacestreams.某一区域内，在天然的或人工的河流中所汇集的总降雨量的一部分。Runoff径流，径流量1.2technicalterms总径流量totalrunoff径流深runoffdepth地下径流groundrunoff(径流的一部分入渗地下形成地下水，又以泉等方式流入河槽)地表径流surfacerunoffTheflowormovementofwaterthroughthesurfaceintothesoilbodyorground.水流或流动的水从地表进入土壤或地面以下。降雨入渗rainfallinfiltration；入渗率infiltrationrateinfiltration

入渗，下渗1.2technicalterms深层渗漏deeppercolation-withrespecttoirrigationandprecipitation,thatamountofwaterwhichpassesbelowtherootzoneofcroporvegetation.就灌溉和降雨而言，指的是进入作物或植被根系地层以下的水。percolation

渗透（水在饱和土壤中运动）Theprocessbywhichwaterischangedfromtheliquidorsolidstateintothegaseousstatethroughthetransferofheatenergy.水通过热传导由液态或固态变成气态的过程Evaporation蒸发，蒸发作用1.2technicalterms平均年蒸发量meanannualevaporation雪面蒸发snowevaporation;土壤蒸发soilevaporation蒸发能力evaporationpower;evaporativecapacity;potentialrateofevaporation.相对湿度relativehumidity;蒸发器（皿）evaporationpanTheemissionofwateryvapourfromthelivingplant.有生命的植物散发水蒸汽。蒸腾系数transpirationratio;transpirationcoefficient蒸散发量evapotranspiration;耗水量consumptiveuse潜在蒸散量或蒸腾量potentialevapotranspiration

Transpiration

蒸腾，蒸腾作用1.2technicaltermsVaporization,withoutliquefying,ofthesnowindeeperlayerscausedbytheheatoftheearthfollowedbycondensationoftheresultingwatervapouratthesurface.由于地球的热，使较厚雪层不经过液化，表面产生蒸发并随之凝结。Sublimation

升华，升华作用干旱arid；半干旱semiarid,subarid湿润humid；半湿润semihumid，subhumid水文年wateryear；季节性河流ephemeral(短暂的，一年生的)stream流域,排水面积watershed；drainagebasin;catchmentbasin;riverbasin;catchmentarea流域年产水量annualyieldofdrainagebasin流域渗漏watershedleakage;断面profile(设计)洪水过程线(design)floodhydrograph水文过程线hydrograph;凝结condensation壤中流interflow;地面滞留量surfacedetention水汽

watervapor;水库

reservoir大气降水

theprecipitationfromtheatmosphere地表面

groundsurface;在…范围内变化

rangefrom…to…需水（情况）waterneed;自河道取水的供水系统：thewatersupplysystemsthatobtaintheirwaterfromrivers河口

rivermouth

干冰

dryice斜坡地

slopingfarmland汇水面积

watershedareaAssignment：背诵教材lesson2的第四段condense凝结Ifsteamtouchescoldsurfaces,itiscondensedintowater.蒸气接触到冷的表面就凝结成水。Moistureintheatmospherecondensedintodewduringthenight.大气中的水分在夜间凝结成露珠。moist潮湿Alwayskeeptheplantsmoist.时刻保持植物潮湿。Notsuitableformoistsurroundings.不适用于潮湿环境。Watervaporaccountsfor

about4%byvolumeinmoistarea.在气候潮湿地区，水汽按体积占（空气体积）4％左右route路线，路径Whichisthebestroute?哪一条是最好的路线?retard减速，延迟，阻滞Shortageoflabourpowerretardedoureconomicdevelopment.缺乏劳动力使我们的经济发展速度减慢。retardedcement缓凝混凝土deficit欠缺，不足，赤字Finally,thisbudgetmustreducethatdeficitevenfurther.最后，该预算必须进一步减少赤字。deficitirrigation亏缺灌溉modification修改，修正，改变Twomonthsintoadesignproject,thecustomerrequestedamodificationtotheproduct.在一个设计项目开始两个月后，客户要求对产品作修改。contour['kɔntuə]

n.轮廓(等高线,周线,电路,概要