Module12语法学案 外研版英语八年级上册

Module12语法学案——祈使句和情态动词must,can,could表示推测语法梳理。（一）祈使句：祈使句表达说话人对对方的叮嘱、劝告、希望、禁止、建议、请求或命令等。祈使句一般以开头，时态和数的变化。常见的句型如下:1.动词原形构成的祈使句此类祈使句暗含的主语是，但通常。否定句往往由donot(don't)或开头。祈使句的句首或句末有时加please，还可以加上称呼语，用逗号与句子主体隔开。例如:Haveaniceday!祝你度过美好的一天!Don'twasteyourtime!别浪费时间了!Neverbelateagain!再也不要迟到了!Comethisway,please.请走这边。Pleasebequiet,boys!男孩们，请安静!Makesurehe'swarm.确保他不受凉。Don'tusethelift.不要使用电梯。2.let's构成的祈使句：这类祈使句往往用于提出建议。例如:Let'sthisweekendinthecountryside.这周咱们到乡下度周末吧。Let'sataxi,shallwe?我们坐出租车好吗?3.无动词祈使句在请求、命令和口号中，常用无动词祈使句，它实际上是省略了，从而使语句更简洁有力。例如;Justaminute,please!请稍等!Thisway,please!请这边走!(二)情态动词must.can.could表示推测1.我们学习过情态动词can和could表示“能够，可以”等意义的用法。can和could还可以表示对或的推测，意为“会，可能”，但can表示推测时，往往用于和。用于疑问句时，can比could表示的“可能性”要大，用于否定句时，cannot(can')表示“”。例如:Youbeserious!你不是认真的吧!2.could则可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句。在以下例句中，can和could均表示可能:Hebeinpain.他可能很疼。Thatbeharmful!那可能有害!/thisbetrue?这有可能是真的吗?3.情态动词must也可以表示猜测，意思为“一定，准是”，通常只用于。如课文中的例子:Betty,youmustknow!贝蒂，你肯定知道!请仔细对比下列一组句子:Whosentthepresent?itbeyourbrother?是谁送来的礼物啊?会是你哥哥吗?(询问可能性)Itbeyourbrother.Isawhiminyourroomjustnow.肯定是你哥哥，我刚才看见他在你的房间里。(语气强烈，表示非常肯定)Itbemybrother.HeisstillinFrance.不可能是我哥哥，他还在法国呢。(表示不可能)4.needneed作情态动词表示“”，可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句。否定形式或者比较常用，表示“不需要”或“不必要”。例如:Ifshewantsanything,sheonlyask.如果她要什么，说一下就行了。Youwait.你不必等待。请注意:need也可以作行为动词，表示“”，常用于needtodosth.结构。例如:Ineedcleanthehouse.我需要把房子打扫一下。Youdon'tneedleavenow.I'sstillearly,你没必要现在走，还早呢。5.must,can,need的一般疑问句的构成及其回答请看下列三组例句:--------MustIcomebefore6:30tomorrow?明天我必须在六点半之前来吗?--------Yes,you.是的，你必须在那之前到。(表示一定要)--------No,you/不，你不必在那之前来。-------Canwegohomenow,please?请问我们现在能回家吗?------Yes,you.可以。(表示允许)------No,you.不行。(表示不允许)-------NeedIreportittothepolice?我要向警方报告这件事吗?------Yes,you.是的，你必须报告。(表示必须做)-------No,you.不，没必要。(表示没必要)-------MayIgohomenow,please?请问我们现在能回家吗?------Yes,you.可以。(表示允许)------No,you.不行。(表示不允许)6.must与haveto的区别两者都表示“必须”，但must侧重于说话者的看法，认为有必要或有义务去做某事;haveto侧重于需要，含有“不得不，”之意。例如:Allpassengerswearseatbelts.所有乘客都要系安全带。Mybikewasbrokenyesterday,soIwalktoschool.昨天我的自行车坏了，所以我只能走路去学校。用于否定句时，must的否定式mustnot(mustn't)表示“一定不要，”;而haveto的否定式donot(don't)haveto表示“”(=)。请比较:Youtellhimaboutit.你绝对不要告诉他这件事。(可能是秘密)Youtellhimaboutit.你不必告诉他这件事。(他可能知道了或者没有必要让他知道)7.hadbetterhadbetter表示劝告或建议，意思是“最好...”例如:You'dgetsomesleep.你最好睡一会儿。hadbetter一般疑问句中，但可用于否定句中，其否定形式为hadbetternot。例如You'dbetterwasteanymoreofyourtime.你最好别再浪费你的时间了。8.情态动词表可能英语中表示可能的方式有很多，有情态动词/，有表示可能的形容词构成的句式：ItistodosthItisthat+从句还有通过will以及表示“可能”的副词的表达，常用的有:主语+will/+v.等。例如:IsittovisitAlaskainDecember?12月份去阿拉斯加旅游有可能吗?Itisthatitwillsnowinthenight.夜里有可能会下雪。Itwillbecoldandwet.天气很可能会又冷又湿。Completethesentenceswithmayorprobably.1ItbecoldandwetinHongKonginJanuary.2MarywillgotoNewYorkintheautumn.3Itwillraintomorrow,soIwillstayathomeandreadabook.4Youneedtotakeascarfwithyou.Itiscold.5Itrainlater,sotakeanumbrellawithyou.6ItwillbesunnyinHaikoutomorrow.完成句子。1.Heis.他很疼。2.Buthecouldhavetroubleyouortoyou.但是他有可能难以听到你或者和你说话。3.he'swarm,确保他不受凉。4.That'sgoodthatyoucouldbeadoctor,Betty!这个建议非常好，贝蒂，你都可以当医生了!Earthquakesalwayshappensuddenly,soitisdifficultpeoplethem.地震总是发生得很突然，所以很难给予人们预警。,whenyouarewithotherpeople.保持镇静，尤其是当身边还有其他人的时候。,followwhatyoulearnedinschool.总之，按照在学校所学到的(地震)知识去做。语法突破。1．-IsthatMrLiintheclassroom?-No,it__________behim.He'sintheofficenow.A．can't B．mustn't C．needn't D．maynot2．Let'sasktheteacherforhelp.She__________theanswer.A．mustknow B．mustn'tknow C．couldknowing D．can'tknow3．—I

think

the

girl

under

the

tree

must

be

Alice.

—No,it

be

her.She

is

in

the

gym

now.A．can’t B．mustn’t C．may D．may

not4．“Tom,_______afraidofspeakinginpublic.Youarenolongerasmallboy.”saidmum.A．benot B．isn’t C．doesn’tbe D．don’tbe5．—IheardIgota"D"inthetestyesterday.It'shardtobelieve.—It________betruebecauseMrsLeesaideveryonepassedit.A．may B．mustnot C．cannot D．shouldnot6．—ThatblackT-shirtwithYaoMing’spictureonit_______belongtoDavid.Helikeshimverymuch.—No,it_______behis.Hehatesblackcolour.A．may;can’t B．can;mustn’t C．can;can’t D．must;mustn’t7．Iknowthatman.He_________beHelen’sfather.A．may B．need C．must D．can8．_________

make

any

noise.

Your

mother

is

reading

books.A．Not B．Be

not C．No D．Don’t9．—Look,someoneleftabook.—Oh,yeah…Thisbook________beKitty’s.Onlyshelikestoreadthiskindofbooks.A．can B．mustC．may D．might10．—________weleavethelibrarybefore5o’clock?—No,youneedn’t.Youcanstayhereuntil5:30.A．Must B．May C．Can D．Might11．—Isthatyouruncle?—It____behim.HeisinAmericanow.A．can B．must C．can't12．Thisbook____belong(属于)toTim.Hisnameisonthecover.A．mustn't B．must C．can't13．—Ican’tfindmyphoneanywhere.—Youhavelostitwhileshopping.A．may B．can C．should D．would14．—Dowehavetofinishourhomeworkthisafternoon?—Yes,you________.A．must B．can C．may D．need15．Itdoesn'tlooklikerain,soyou_______bringyourumbrellawithyou.A．shouldn't B．mustn't C．can't D．needn't16．Tom,________afraidofspeakingoutyourideas.A．don'tB．notC．notbeD．don'tbe17．—IsthatgirlunderthetreeMary?—No,it________beMary.SheisinBeijingnow.A．can’t B．needn’tC．wouldn’t D．shouldn’t18．—IsthatyournewmathteacherMissLi?—It________beher.ShehasgonetoBeijingforameeting.A．can’t B．mustn’t C．can D．must19．—Let’sgodancingtonight.—Sorry,I______.Ihavetogotoameeting.A．mustn’t B．maynotC．needn’t D．can’t20．buyyourticketfromaticketmachine.Therearelotsofpeoplethere.A．Not B．Notto C．Don’t D．Don’tto21．________turnright!A．Not B．Don’t C．Isn’t D．Must22．Let’s________TV.A．watches B．watch C．watching23．—Remember________theclassroomafterschool.—OK.I________.A．cleaning;do B．toclean;do C．cleaning;will D．toclean;will24．________rightatthesecondcrossingandyouwillfindthehospital.A．Turn B．Toturn C．Turning D．Turns25．________lateforschoolandlistentotheteacherscarefully.A．Don’t B．Be C．Don’tbe D．Doesn’t26．intheschoollibrary.A．Nottalkoreat B．Nottalkingoreating C．Don'ttalkoreat D．Don'ttalkingoreating27．—Youcaneat,but________eatintheclassroom.—Sorry,Mr.Smith.A．don’t B．doesn’t C．isn’t D．aren’t28．—________lateforschoolagain.—Sorry,Iwon't.A．Notbe B．Don'tbe C．Not D．Don't29．Jim,________watchTVtoomuch.It'sbadforyoureyes.A．doesn’t B．don’t C．can’t D．isn’t30．—________runinthehallway.—Sorry,Mr.Li.A．Doesn’t B．Don’t C．Aren’t D．Isn’t31．________alongBridgeStreetandturnleft,please.A．Going B．Goes C．Togo D．Go32．Let’s________thezoo.Iwant________thetigers.A．go;see B．goto;tosee C．togo;see D．togo;tosee33．Letme________thesebooksintothebox.A．puts B．put C．toput D．putting34．—Alan,________upnowandgetdressed.

—OK,Mom.A．get B．gets C．toget D．getting35．—Peter,________yourhandsbeforeyoueat.

—Isee.A．wash B．washes C．towash D．washing36．—Whosenotebookisthis?—It________beAlan’s.Itlookslikehis.A．must B．can’t C．might D．mustn’t37．—Don’tforgettosendhimane-mailonhisbirthday.—OK,I________.A．don’t B．can’t C．haven’t D．won’t38．—HowmanypointscanyougetinthecomingEnglishexam,dear?—Sorry,I’mnotsure.I________beabletogetover90.A．must B．hadbetter C．may D．should39．—Whoisthemanoverthere?IsitMr.Li?—No,it__________behim.Mr.Liismuchtaller.A．mustn’t B．maynot C．can’t D．needn’t40．—Whatshouldwedotoprotectthefishintheriver?—Wethrowrubbishintotheriver.A．need B．needn't C．must D．mustn't41．You________openthedoorbeforethecarstop.It'sdangerous.A．won't B．maynot C．mustn't D．needn't42．TheBritishMuseumisverytraditional.Thereisnoshoutingandvisitorsmakeanoiseortouchanything.A．can B．mustn’t C．should D．might43．Itbethepostmanatthedoor.It’sonlyfiveo’clockinthemorning.A．can’t B．mustn’t C．maynot D．needn’t44．—Ifeeltired.—You________gotobedsolate.A．must B．shouldn’t C．should45．TheEnglishbook________beMike’sbecauseIcanseehisnameonit.A．can B．shouldn’t C．need D．must46．Paul________gointotheroom.He________gotakey.A．can;hasn't B．can't;hasn't C．can;doesn'thave D．can't;don'thave47．—Mum,mustIstaythereforthewholeday?—No,you_________.You_________comebackafterlunch,ifyoulike.A．mustn't,can B．needn't;must C．needn't;can D．mustn't;must48．Youshould________forawalkaftermeals.A．togo B．going C．go D．goes49．—Excuseme.Canyoutellmewhattimeitisnow?—Sorry,I_________.Mywatchdoesn’twork.A．can’t B．maynotC．mustn’t D．needn’t50．—IsthatmanMr.Smith?—It______behim.HehasgonetoNewYorkonbusiness.A．maynot B．needn’t C．can’t D．mustn’t四．基础巩固。51．----MustIwriteallthewordsdownnow?---No,you____.A．mustn’t B．can’t C．wont’ D．needn’t52．______itbePeter?No,it______bePeter,It______beTom.A．May,maynot,may B．Can,can’t,mayC．Can,maynot,can D．Can,can’t,can53．—Whereareyougoingthismonth?—We_________gotoXiamen,butwe’renotsure.A．needn’t B．must C．might D．mustn’t54．Myhomeisinasmallvillageatthe________ofahugemountain.A．edge B．path C．bottom D．ground55．LiMingissocarefulthathealwayslooksoverhisexercisesto________therearenomistakes.A．makesure B．findout C．thinkof D．workout56．Heleftschoolandbegantowork________twelve.A．attheageof B．atthebeginningof C．atthetopof D．atthebottomof57．—Mr.White,couldyougivemesomeadvice?IhaveinlearningEnglish.

—Sure.First,youshouldbeconfidentandnevergiveup.Second...A．fun B．trouble C．interest D．surprise58．Throughthestoriesbehindtheidioms,wewouldbeabletofully________China’sculture,historyandtradition.A．understand B．carry C．compare D．imagine59．—Idon'tthinkPaulwill_____hismind.—Ican'tagreemore.Heneverfollowsothers'advice.A．imagine B．change C．choose D．improve60．Isawawallet__________ontheground.A．lies B．lying C．lied D．ling61．-Canyou__________thebigstone?-No,Ican't.It'stooheavy.A．putup B．setup C．liftup D．giveup62．-Linda,youhurtyourlegyesterday.Areyoustillin__________painnow?-Muchbetter.A．a B．an C．the D．/63．Thebossmadehim__________alotofworkeverydayintheolddays.A．todo B．do C．did D．doing64．Pleasecheckyourpaperto_____therearenomistakes.A．thinkof B．tryout C．findout D．makesure65．—NataliaPartykahasjustbeatenLiJiawei!—It’shardto________agirlwithonlyonearmcanplayping－pongsowell.A．imagineB．realizeC．knowD．find66．Mr.Wuisa________person.Youcanaskhimforhelp.A．helpful B．healthy C．lazy(懒惰的) D．strong67．—WhatdoyouplantodothisSaturday?—Itdependsontheweather.Ifit'sa________day,I'mgoingtoflykiteswithmyclassmates.A．crazy B．clear C．busy D．rainy68．Onvideo,DoctorZhongNanshan________teenagerstostudyhardinthefirstlessonofthisterm.A．allowed B．trained C．encouraged D．warned69．—Wereyou________whenyouwerespeakinginfrontofsomanypeople?—Notatall.Ispentplentyoftimepreparingforit,youknow.A．calm B．nervous C．patient D．surprised70．—Ifeelvery_________________.MayIhaveacake?—Sure,youmaytakeonefromthefridge.A．brave B．thirsty C．full D．hungry71．Thestudentsstopped__________whentheteachercamein.A．talk B．totalk C．talking D．talked72．--Who__________thegirlfromthefire?--Akind-heartedyoungman.Buthelosthislife.A．helped B．saved C．brought D．carried73．Itisvery__________forstudentstoreadgoodbooks.A．careful B．helpful C．easily D．hardly74．It'shotinside.Whynotkeepthedoor__________?A．opened B．opening C．toopen D．open75．—Wereyouwhenyouwereplayinginthefinal?—Notatall.Iwasquitesurethatourteamwouldwin.A．excited B．interested C．calm D．nervous76．Lindaisshy.Shealwaysfeels________whenshespeaksinfrontofpeople.A．relaxed B．nervous C．proper D．clear77．—Whatdoes“silly”mean?—Ithasthesamemeaningas“”.A．ill B．bright C．brave D．stupid78．—Let’sgo____theroadnow.—Waitamomentplease.Thelightisrednow.A．across B．through C．under D．With79．Mr.Blackusedtobebusy.Butnowhe’sretiredand,sohehasplentyoftimetoexercise.A．hard B．calm C．free D．nervous80．TheteachertoldMike________toomuchtimeplayingcomputergames.A．don’tspend B．nottospend C．doesn’tspend D．notspend81．—Keepthedoorandwindow________.Itissocold.—OK,I________.A．closing;will B．open;do C．closed;will D．opened;do82．Don’t________.Westillhaveenoughtime.A．worry B．beworry C．worried D．getworry83．It’stimeforsupper.Let’s_______it.A．stophaving B．stoptohaveC．tostoptohave D．tostophaving84．___________andbehonest,Tom,orotherswon’ttrustyou.A．Keepingasecret B．KeepasecretC．Keepingsecrets D．Keepsecret85．It's______________interestingbookthatwealllikeit.A．suchan B．soan C．sucha D．soa86．—Tom,______anysugartomycoffee.—OK.Whataboutsomemilkinthecoffee?A．doesn’tadd B．didn’tadd C．notadd D．don’tadd87．playwithfire.withfireisdanger