施心远主编《听力教程》3-(第2版)Unit-13答案

Unit13SectionOneTacticsforListeningPart1SpotdictationSisterRiversBuildCulturalBridgeBetweenU.S.andChinaTheMississippiisthemajorriversystemintheUnitedStates,flowsalmost3,800kilometersfromasmalllakeinMinnesota,gatheringthewatersof250otherriversandstreamsbeforereachingtheGulfofMexico.Inmid-May,asspringflowersbegantoopen,about41studentsfromadozencolleges,mostlyintheMidwest,exploredasectionoftheriverinWisconsinandIowa,tolearnabouttheenvironment,andeachother.Thestudents,fromtheU.S.,Chinaandaroundtheworld,cametojointheRiverSpiritExchangeprogram.Thecross-culturaleducationalexperience-setupbytheUniversityofWisconsin,Madison-basedEnvironmentandPublicHealthNetworkforChineseStudents-focusesontheMississippiandChina'slongestriver,theYangtze.Thisthree-dayget-togetherfeaturedstory-telling,hiking,campingandcanoeing,allpartofalargerlessonaboutconservationprojectsthatcanbeusedonboththeYangtzeandMississippi.AfterthegroupmetattheCraneFoundationpreserve,theyheadedsouthtocanoeastretchoftheKickapooRiverthatwindsitswaythroughsouthwesternWisconsinbeforejoiningtheMississippi.TheypaddledalongastretchoftheKickapooRiver,wherea20-yearpreservationventurestoppedencroachmentbydevelopersandprotectedthenaturalsettingofthewaterway.ThestudentsontheRiverSpiritExchangeendedtheirfirstnightwithsingingandstoriesaroundthecampfire.Organizerssaythesuccessandspiritofthisfirstgatheringofstudentswillleadtoothertrips,includingonedowntheYangtze.Part2ListeningforGistFouroutoffiveofallchildrenwhogotleukemia*in1960died.Nowfouroutofeveryfivesurvive.Thesecretofthismiraculouschangeistherosyperiwinkle*,aforestflowerwhichtribaldoctorshadusedforcenturies.TheUnitedStatesNationalCancerInstitutehasidentifiedmorethan2,000tropicalrainforestplantswithabilitytofightcancer.Infact,about4,000ofalldrugsgivenoutintheUnitedStatestodayowemuchoftheirstrengthtochemicalsfromwildlife,largelyfromtherainforest.Otherdrugsincludequinine,whichcomesfromaSouthAmericantree,andsufferersfromhighbloodpressuregetrelieffromthesnakeroot*plantfromIndianforests.Thearmadillo*,ofSouthAmericaishelpingusfindacureforleprosy*.Directions:Listentothepassageandwritedownthegistandthekeywordsthathelpyoudecide.1.Thispassageisaboutsomewildlifefromforeststhatcanbeusedinthetreatmentofcertaindiseases.2.Thekeywordsareleukemia,survive,change,forestflower,2,000tropicalrainforestplants,fightcancer,quinine,aSouthAmericantree,highbloodpressure,snakeroot,armadillo,leprosy.SectionTwoListeningComprehensionPart1dialogueHowtoSucceedDario:IthinkthemostimportantthingyoumusthavetosucceedinItalyiser...ofcourse,youhavetobeambitious,becauseifyouarenotambitiousyoucan'treachyouraim,yourtarget.Andyoumusthavealsoanaturalability*,becauseyoumustadaptyourselfandyourworkander...enjoyyourwork,ofcourse.AndItalianpeopleareusedtoworkingalotandtodoinghardwork.Ofcourseyoumustalsoknowtherightpeoplebecauseifyouwantajobandyoudon'tknowanybodyyouhavetoworkmuchharder.Interviewer:Soifyouweregoingtochooseonefactor,Dario,whichonedoyouthinkwouldbethemostimportant?Couldyouchooseone?Dario:Yes,erviewer:Thankyou.(DialogueB) Sue: IthinkthattobesuccessfulinSpainyouneedambition,becauseit'swhatmakesyouwanttoworkanddosomethingdifferent.AndIthinknaturalabilityisalsoimportant.TobeagoodmusicianandtosucceedIthinkthatyoumusthavesomethingspecial.AndIthinkthatknowingtherightpeopleisimportantbecauseitcansaveyoualotoftime.Youdon'tspendsomuchtimetryingtogetsomethingifyouknowpeoplethatcanhelpyou.Interviewer:Whatwouldyousayisthemostimportantthing? Sue:AmbitionIthinkisthemostimportant.(DialogueC) Taylor: Ithinkthemostimportantthingsarehardwork,andgoodeducation,andnaturalability.TheJapanesehaveatraditionalcultureandwethinkthatworkingindustriouslyisavirtue,solazinesscannotbeacceptedbysociety.Andagoodeducation-anyonewhowantstoandwhomakestheeffortcanenterthefamousuniversities,soer...whenweestimatesomeone'sabilitywelookatwhetherhe'sgraduatedfromuniversityornot.Butifsomeonewantstosucceed,ofcourseheneedsambitionandnaturalability.Interviewer:Soforyou,whichisthemostimportantfactor? Taylor: Oh,inJapan,hardwork,definitely.ExerciseDirections:Youaregoingtolistentothreepeopletalkingabouthowtheysucceededindifferentcountries.Takenotesandcompletethefollowinggrid.CountryProfessionQualityrequiredThemostimportantfactorAItalyAmbitious,adaptive,communicativeAmbitionBSpainMusicianAmbitious,havingnaturalability,beingabletoknowtherightpeopleAmbitionCJapanHardworking,well-educated,ambitious,havingnaturalabilityHardworkPart2passageGlobalEconomyofthe21stCentury1.Themovetowardaglobaleconomyhasbeenfurtherstrengthenedbythewidespreadadoptionofliberaleconomicpolicies.2.Currenttrendssuggestthattheworldismovingrapidlytowardaneconomicsystemthatismorefavorableforthepracticeofinternationalbusiness.3.Theworldmaybemovingtowardamoreglobaleconomicsystem,butglobalizationisnotinevitable.4.Itissimplyworthnotingthatevenfromapurelyeconomicperspective,globalizationisnotallgood.5.Theopportunitiesfordoingbusinessinaglobaleconomymaybesignificantlyenhanced,buttherisksassociatedwithglobalfinancialcontagionaregreater.Thelastquarterofthecenturyhasseenrapidchangesintheglobaleconomy.Barrierstothefreeflowofgoods,services,andcapitalhavebeencomingdown.Thevolumeofcross-bordertradeandinvestmenthasbeengrowingmorerapidlythanglobaloutput,indicatingthatnationaleconomiesarebecomingmorecloselyintegratedintoasingle,interdependent,globaleconomicsystem.Astheireconomiesadvance,morenationsandareasarejoiningtheranksofthedevelopedworld.Agenerationago,SouthKoreaandSingaporewereviewedassecond-tierdevelopingareas.Nowtheyboastpowerfuleconomies,andtheirfirmsaremajorplayersinmanyglobalindustriesfromshipbuildingandsteeltoelectronicsandchemicals.Themovetowardaglobaleconomyhasbeenfurtherstrengthenedbythewidespreadadoptionofliberaleconomicpoliciesbycountriesthatfortwogenerationsormorewerefirmlyopposedtothem.Thus,followingthenormativeprescriptionsofliberaleconomicideology,incountryaftercountryweareseeingstate-ownedbusinessesprivatized,widespreadderegulation*,marketsbeingopenedtomorecompetition,andincreasedcommitmenttoremovingbarrierstocross-bordertradeandinvestment.Thissuggeststhatoverthenextfewdecades,countriessuchastheCzechRepublic,Poland,Brazil,China,andSouthAfricamaybuildpowerfulmarket-orientedeconomies.Inshort,currenttrendssuggestthattheworldismovingrapidlytowardaneconomicsystemthatismorefavorableforthepracticeofinternationalbusiness.Ontheotherhand,itisalwayshazardoustotakeestablishedtrendsandusethemtopredictthefuture.Theworldmaybemovingtowardamoreglobaleconomicsystem,butglobalizationisnotinevitable.Countriesmaypullbackfromtherecentcommitmenttoliberaleconomicideologyiftheirexperiencesdonotmatchtheirexpectations.Clearly,thiswouldbeatougherworldforinternationalbusinessestocompetein.Moreover,greaterglobalizationbringswithitrisksofitsown.Thiswasstarklydemonstratedin1997and1998whenafinancialcrisisinThailandspreadfirsttootherEastAsiannationsandthenin1998toRussiaandBrazil.Ultimatelythecrisisthreatenedtoplungetheeconomiesofthedevelopedworld,includingtheUnitedStates,intoarecession.Itissimplyworthnotingthatevenfromapurelyeconomicperspective*,globalizationisnotallgood.Theopportunitiesfordoingbusinessinaglobaleconomymaybesignificantlyenhanced,butaswesawin1997-1998,therisksassociatedwithglobalfinancialcontagion*arealsogreater.Still,therearewaysforfirmstoexploittheopportunitiesassociatedwithglobalization,whileatthesametimereducingtherisksthroughappropriatehedging*strategies.A:Pre-listeningQuestionWhatwillaffectthefutureofglobaleconomicdevelopmentbesidespoliticalfactors?Thefollowingtwofactorsmustbetakenintoconsiderationalthoughtherearemanyothersthatwilldecidethefutureofthedevelopment.Oneisthatthefoodandenergysituationwillbecomeworseandworsewiththeincreasingworldpopulation.Theotheristhatourlivingenvironmenthasnowbeenheavilypollutedasaresultoftheboomingofmodemindustries.B:SentenceDictationDirections:Listentosomesentencesandwritethemdown.Youwillheareachsentencethreetimes.C:DetailedListeningDirections:Listentothepassageandcompletethefollowingsentences.1.Therapidchangeshavetakenplaceinthepast25yearsintheglobaleconomybecausebarrierstothefreeflowofgoods,services,andcapitalhavebeencomingdown.2.Thevolumeofcross-bordertradeandinvestmentresultsinestablishingasingle,interdependent,andglobaleconomicsystem.3.TheexamplesofeconomicdevelopmentinSouthKoreaandSingaporeshowthatmorenationsarejoiningtheranksofthedevelopedworld.4.Themovetowardsaglobaleconomyhasbeenfurtherstrengthenedbythewidespreadadoptionofliberaleconomicpolicies.5.Thecurrenttrendsindicatethattheworldismovingrapidlytoaneconomicsystemthatismorefavorableforthepracticeofinternationalbusiness.6.Thisworldwouldbeatougherworldforinternationalbusinessestocompeteinifsomecountriespullbackfromtherecentcommitmenttoliberaleconomicideologybecausetheirexperiencesdonotmatchtheirexpectations.7.WhatwecanlearnfromtheEastAsiafinancialcrisisin1998isthatglobalizationbringsrisksofitsown.8.Thewriterstillbelievesthattherearewaysforcompaniestoexploittheopportunitiesassociatedwithglobalizationinthe21stcenturyD:After-listeningDiscussionDirections:Listentothepassageagainanddiscussthefollowingquestions.1.Greaterglobalizationbringswithitrisksofitsown.Thiswasstarklydemonstratedin1997and1998whenafinancialcrisisinThailandspreadfirsttootherEastAsiannationsandthenin1998toRussiaandBrazil.Ultimatelythecrisisthreatenedtoplungetheeconomiesofthedevelopedworld,includingtheUnitedStates,intoarecession.Itissimplyworthnotingthatevenfromapurelyeconomicperspective,globalizationisnotallgood.Theopportunitiesfordoingbusinessinaglobaleconomymaybesignificantlyenhanced,buttherisksassociatedwithglobalfinancialcontagionarealsogreater.2.(Open)SectionthreeNewsNewsItem1Searchplanesfounda20kilometerlongoilslick,apparentlyleftbytheAirFrancejet.Flight447leftRiodeJaneiroboundforParisonMonday.Itcarried228people.Debrisfoundintheoceancouldoffercluesonwhythefouryearoldairplanewentdown.AmeteorologistwithAccuWeathertellsVOAthatFlight447mayhaveencountered160-kilometer-per-hourwindsasitflewintostrongstormsalongtheequator.TheareaiscalledtheInter-TropicalConvergenceZone.It'swherethetradewindsbetweentheNorthernandSouthernhemispheremeet.U.S.pilotswhoflythisroutesaythezone'sfiercethunderstormscarrymoisturelowerandthereforeoftendonotappearonradar.Someexpertspointtosevereturbulenceorlightningstrikesastothecause.Butplanesarebuilttowithstandstrikes,sopilotssayit'sdoubtfulthatlightningwouldbecatastrophic.Shortlybeforeitvanished,Flight447transmittedautomaticmessagesreportingfailuresinitspressurizationandelectricalsystems.TheAirbusisa"fly-by-wire"plane,meaningitreliestotallyonelectricitytofly.A:Directions:Listentothenewsitemandcompletethesummary.ThisnewsitemisaboutthecrashofanAirFrancejet.B:Directions:Listentothenewsagainandcompletethefollowingoutline.TheAirCrashAirlineandflightnumber:AirFranceFlight447Numberofpassengersonboard:228Timoftheaccident:MondayRouteoftheflight:fromRiodeJaneirotoParisYearsofserviceoftheplane:4Possibleexplanation:1.Flight447mayhaveencountered160-kilometer-per-hourwindsasitflewintostrongstormsalongtheequator.2.Thezone'sfiercethunderstormscarrymoisturelowerandthereforeoftendonotappearonradar.3.Severeturbulenceorlightningstrikesmaycausethecatastrophe.NewsItem2Itwasanationalreadyvulnerable,thepoorestintheWesternhemisphere,withahistoryoflaxconstruction.TheInternationalRedCrosssaysthe7.0earthquakeinHaitileavesclosetoathirdofthepopulationinneedofemergencyaid.Thousandsarefeareddead.Haiti'sambassadortotheUnitedStates,RaymondJosephiscallingforuptoquadrupletheamountofU.S.aidtohiscountry,whichnowstandsatabout$300million.Hecallsontheinternationalcommunitytohelpaswell.TheUnitedNationssaidWednesdaythatmorethan100peoplearemissingfromitswreckedheadquarters.Meantime,aidfromaroundtheworldisboundforHaitionitswayfromarangeofcountriesincludingIceland,ChinaandIsrael.Peoplehavesenttheirdonationstovariousrelieforganizationsandtheirprayers,includingthePope.TheUnitedNationsreportsthatthemainairportinHaiti'scapitalisoperationalandopentoreliefflightsinthecomingdays.A:Directions:Listentothenewsitemandcompletethesummary.ThisnewsitemisabouttheearthquakeinHaitiandtheinternationalaid.B:Directions:Listentothenewsagainandanswerthefollowingquestions.1.Itisavulnerable,thepoorestintheWesternhemisphere.2.A7.0earthquakehitthecountry.3.Athirdofthepopulationareinneedofemergencyaid.4.About$300million.5.Morethan100peoplearemissing.NewsItem3ThehardesthitcountriesareAngolaandNamibia,whichareexperiencingtheworstfloodssince1963.TheUNOfficefortheCoordinationofHumanitarianAffairsreportedinAngola,21peoplehavebeenkilledandanestimated200,000affected.ItsaidthenumberislikelytoincreaseonceUNaidworkersareabletoreachareasthatcurrentlyareinaccessiblebecauseofthefloods.Officialfiguresindicatemorethan3200houseshavebeendestroyed,aswellasmorethan100schools.Itsaysschoolsandotherpublicbuildingsarebeingusedasshelters.So,classesareinterrupted.OCHASpokeswoman,ElizabethByrs,toldVOAallprovincesarereportingwidespreaddestructionofcropsandfoodreserves.Shesaysmalnutritionratesarelikelytoincreaseinthecomingweeks.UNandprivateaidagenciesonMondayissuedaflashappealfor$2.75milliontosupporttheimmediateneedsofupto350,000peopleaffectedbyfloodsinNamibia.OCHAreported92peoplehavediedand13,000havebeendisplaced.Itsaidmorethan50percentofroadshavebeendamagedintheaffectedareasandthisismakingitextremelydifficultforpeopletogettohealthfacilities,schoolsandmarketplaces.A:Directions:Listentothenewsitemandcompletethesummary.ThisnewsitemisabouttheeffectsofthefloodsonAngolaandNamibia.B:Directions:Listentothenewsagainanddecidethefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.1.F2.F3.T4.T5.F6.T7.F8.FSectionFourSupplementaryExercisesPart1FeatureReportLethalSnakeBitesKill200,000aYearLarryBulanadiisknowninthePhilippinesastheCobraKing,becauseofhisskillinhuntingthefearedspittingcobra-ahighlyvenomoussnakethatspitstoxinatitsprey.Farmershaveaskedhimtoridtheirfarmsofcobras.TodayBulanadiwascalledbythisfarmerwhofoundtwosnakesinhisfield.Ifhegetsbittenbyacobra,hecoulddiequickly.Hospitalsarefarawayandoftentheydonotevenhaveantivenin.TheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)saysaboutfivemillionpeoplearoundtheworldarebittenbysnakeseachyear.Asmanyas200,000die,andabout400,000loselimbs.MostvictimsareindevelopingcountriesinAfricaandAsia.TheWHOsaysvictimsindevelopingcountries,manyofthemchildren,diebecausetheyarefarfrommedicalhelpandbecausethereisaglobalscarcityofantivenin.Dr.VisithSitprijarunstheWHOCollaboratingCenterforVenomousSnakeToxicologyandResearchinBangkok.HesaysthehighcostofproducingantiveninmeanspoorercountriessuchasCambodiaandBurmacannotgetadequatesupplies.Unlikeothermedicinesthatcanbemass-produced,Dr.Visithsaysantiveninisoftentailor-madeforsnakesfromspecificlocations."Althoughtheymaysharethecommontoxincomponent,thebiologicaleffectvaries,youknowdependingontheenvironment,geneticsandthefoodtheyeat."ThatmeansantiveninforaspittingcobrainthePhilippinesmaynotworkonsomeonebittenbyasimilarsnakeinWestAfrica.InthissnakefarminBangkok,childrenareintroducedtoavarietyofsnakes.Theylearnthatmostsnakesbitepeopleonlybyaccident,andtheylearnwaystoavoidbites-suchaswearingrubberboots.Fornow,expertssaythebestwaystoreducethedeathandinjurytollfromsnakebitesarepreventionandeducation.A:Directions:Listentothenewsreportandcompletethesummary.Thisnewsreportisaboutthenumberofvictimsofsnakebiteseachyearduetoaglobalscarcityofantivenin.B:Directions:Listentothenewsagainanddecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F).Discusswithyourclassmateswhyyouthinkthestatementistrueorfalse.1.T2.T3.F4.F5.T6.T7.T8.TPart2PassageEcologyorEconomy?Foryears,peopleintheregionbetonitspotentialforeconomicdevelopmentbasedonconservation,butthetouristsdon'tcomeintheneedednumbers.Signsofeconomichardtimesaboundinacityof90,000people,andstreetsarefilledwithidleyoungmenclaimingtobeguides.Thegovernorofthestatesaysthesolutiontotheregion'seconomicwoesliesinthe3,150-kilometerpipelinethatrunsthroughthestate.Theyfearanexpandingindustrialeconomycouldnothelpbutharmthe145,040-square-kilometerfloodplain,whichsprawlsoverpartsoftwoBrazilianstates.TheUSbasedenergycompanyhasalreadybackedoutofaproposaltobuildathermoelectricplant,citingthestringentenvironmentalregulations.TheycomefromasfarawayasGermanyandJapan,eagertomarvelatthealligators*andtofishforrainbowtrout*inthelea-huedwaters,tostandunderskiesbusywithwhitestorks*andred-and-bluemacaws*.Butthetouristsdon'tcomeintheneedednumbers.Ifeveraplaceseemedmadeforecotourism,itwasBrazil'sPantanal-theworld'sbiggestexpanseofwetlands.Foryears,peopleintheregionbetonitspotentialforeconomicdevelopmentbasedonconservation.Notanymore.Tourismhasfailedtobringthehoped-forprosperity,andthesupportisgrowingforold-fashionedindustrialdevelopment-evenifthatmeansperhapsirreversibledamagetotheecosystem.Environmentalistssaytherestillisroomtodevelopecotourism.TheyarguethatbusinessesinthePantanalhaveconcentratedtoomuchonsimplefishingtoursthathavedepletedtheregion'sonce-richfishstocks.ButsignsofeconomichardtimesaboundinCorumba,acityof90,000people1,600kilometersnorthwestofRiodeJaneiro.StreetsarefilledwithidleyoungmenclaimingtobePantanalguides,hustlingeverythingfromtourstocheapBoliviancocainetosexwithyounggirls.WithranchingandfarminglimitedbythePantanal'spoorsoilandseasonalflooding,conservationnowseemstomanypeoplealuxurytheregioncannolongerafford. Thegovernorofthestatesaysthesolutiontotheregion'seconomicwoesliesinthe3,150-kilometerpipelinethatrunsthroughthestatecarryingnaturalgasfromBoliviatoBrazil'sindustrialcapitalofSaoPaulo.Hewantstobuildathermoelectric*plant,asteelmillandapetrochemicalcomplextobefueledbythegasandturnthissleepycolonialcityintoahubofindustry.Environmentalistsdisagree.Theyfearanexpandingindustrialeconomycouldnothelpbutharmthe145,040-square-kilometerfloodplain,whichsprawlsoverpartsoftwoBrazilianstatesandintoBolivia.ThiscouldbedisastrousforthePantanal,hometosome650birdspecies,230fishspecies,80mammalspeciesandmorethan1,000kindsofbutterflies.ThePantanalisessentiallyanenormoussettlingpondwithvirtuallynoflushing*mechanism,industrialpollutantscouldquicklybuildup,poisoningthemorefragilespeciesandprovokingacatastrophicdominoeffect*runningupthefoodchain.Pressurefromenvironmentalistsalsohelpedstallamultibillion-dollarplantodeepenandstraightentheParaguayRiver,whichrunsthroughthePantanal,aspartofaprojecttocreateariverlinkfromtheAtlanticOceantotheheartofSouthAmerica.TheUS-basedenergycompanyElPasoCorphasalreadybackedoutofaproposaltobuildathermoelectricplantinCorumba,citingthestringent*environmentalregulations.Still,someenvironmentalistsfearregulationsalonewon'tbeenoughifthestatebuildsthermoelectricplantsandasteelmill.It'snotjustthepollution.Theseprojectswillbringmoreandmorepeopleintoaregionwithaveryprecarious*infrastructure..Somepeoplewarnthatthepromiseofindustrialdevelopmentcouldbejustasillusory*asecotourism.A：Pre-listeningQuestionWhatisecologyandwhatisecotourism?Ecologyisthestudyoftherelationshipsbetween