听力重要技巧习得讲师李-讲义6.组织结构题

Inunderstandingorganizationquestionsyoumaybeaskedabouttheoverallorganizationofthelisteningpassage,oryoumaybeaskedabouttherelationshipbetweentwoportionsofthelisteningpassage.HowistheinformationinthelectureHowdoestheprofessorclarifythepointshemakesaboutIndustrialInwhatorderdoesthespeakerdescribetheWhydoestheprofessormentionGreekandRomanWhatpointdoestheprofessormakeaboutthetwentyaminoacidsthatoccuronproteinsonEarth?WhydoesthestudentmentionclimbingaWhydoesthe lthemanabouttheappointmentatthedoctor's提出问题提出问题•分析问题•论点论点论点景旨问面论点论点论点123123 --togive--to--to--to--to--classifying/--describingcausesandD.Toillustrateatechniqueusedtoteachathird-gradeC.TogiveanexampleofapieceofinformationthatfunctionsasaB.ToexplainwhatkindofinformationscientistshopetoobtainfromtheD.Toshowhowspectroscopycanhelpestablishtheageofa ToemphasizehismotivationtodofiledresearchintwoofhisC.TointroduceaninstanceofananimalspeciesthatmighthaveC.ToexplainwhysheisfamiliarwithCapeCodA.Toidentifyabehaviorthatwouldshowachild’simaginationdeveloQ5.WhydoestheprofessordiscussthemayorofToexplaintheoriginsofthemethodofTogiveanexamplewheremarketresearchandMBWAprovidesimilartypesofP:Yes,S:Well,Iwouldthinkthatalotofcustomerswillbebotheredby…youknow,ifIamshop,Idon’tknowifIwantsomebusinessrepresentativescominguptomeandaskingmequestions.It’slikewhenIgetphonecallsathomefrommarketresearchers.IjusthanguponP:Well,it’scertainlytruethat…well…noonelikesgettingcallsathomefrommarketresearchersorpeoplelikethat.ButIwilllyousomething.MostcustomershavetheexactoppositereactionwhenitcomestoMBWA.Now,don’taskmewhy,becauseIreallyhavenoforasuccess.Infact,thetechniquesofMBWAworksowell,they’veactuallybeenextendedtoallkindsofdifferentcontacts,likepolitics,forinstance.Afewyearsback.ThemayorofBaltimore,um,IthinkhisnameisShafer,somethinglikethat.Anyway,hedecidedthatthebesttoservethepeopleofthecity,ofhiscity,wastoactuallygethelpthereinit,andexperiencethethingsthattheyexperienced.So,heridesaroundthecityand,youknow,andallpartsofit.Andhe’dseeallthepotholes.He’dseehowthetrashwassometimesnotpickedupoffthesideofthestreet,andthenhe’dgobacktohisofficeandwritethesememos.Andtheywerememostothestuffabouttheproblemshe’dseen,andhowtheyneedtobefixed.Youknowthatsortofthing.But,thethingis,hegotallthisinformationjustbygoingaroundandseeingthedifferentBaltimoreneighborhoods,andtalkingtothepeopleinthem.He’dcallthissmartpolitics.We’dcallitMBWA.Orjustplaingoodcustomerservice.Q3.WhydoestheprofessormentionancientGreek TogiveanexampleofaculturethatadoptedoperafromtheTodescribethetypeofsettinginwhichoperawastypicallyOperaaswethinkofitisofcoursearesurrectedform.ItisthemelodiousdramaofancientGreektheater.Thetermmelodiousdrama’sbeenshortenedeventuallytoMelodrama,becauseopera’sfrequentlyaremelodramatic,nottosayunrealistic.Andthegroupthattoputthefirstoperastogetherthatwehavetodaythenwere…well,itwasagroupofmenthatincludedGalileo’sfatherVinchenzo,andtheymetinFlorence.He,andagroupoffriendsofthecountofBardi,andtheyformedwhatiscalledtheCameratadeiBardi.AndtheyclassicaltheaterandreproduceditintheRenaissancetime.Thisproducedsomeoftheoperaswhatwehavetoday.Q4.WhydoestheprofessormentionTodescribethecoiledshapeofaButifyoutookawayalltheDNAthatcodesforgenes,youstillhavemaybe70percentofDNAleftover,that’stheso-calledjunkDNA.Thoughthewordjunkisusedsortoftongueincheek.Theassumptionis,thatevenifthisDNA,doesn’tmakeupanyofthegenes,itmustserveofDNAateachendofeveryhumanchromosome,calledaomere.Now,aomereisahighlyrepetitiousandgenericallymeaninglesssequenceofDNA.WhatwewerecallingjunkDNA.Butitdoeshaveanimportantpurpose.Itsortsliketheplastictiponeachendofashoelace.Itmaynothelpyoutotieyourshoe,butthatlittleplastictipkeepstherestoftheshoelace,theshoestringfromunravelingintoweakanduselessthreads.Well,theomeresattheendsofchromosomesseemtodoaboutthesamething,Q3.WhydoestheprofessortalkaboutToprovethatitisnotnecessarytospendmoneyonThefirststepistolookatyourmarket,that’sthepeoplewhomight ecustomers,buyersofyourservicesorproduct,youneedtoknowallaboutyourpossiblecustomers,whoarethey,whatagegrouparethey,whatdotheylikeordislike,howdotheyshop,soyougotthat?Amarketisagroupofpotentialcustomers.Next,media.Obviouslythemajormediaareevision,radio,newspapers,magazines,billboards,andsoforth.Theyareallavenuesofcommunication,andyouneedtofigureoutwhichmediayoushouldadvertisethrough,whichmediawillreachyourintendedaudience,yourmarket,soyoudoresearch.Tryingtodeterminewhichmediawillreachthemostpotentialcustomersforthelowestcost.Forinstance,ifyouhaveaproductthat,Iwillsay,teacherswouldlike,thenteachersareyourmarket.Soyouaskyourself,whatmagazinesdoradio,andwhattimesoftheday.Saynowyourresearchturnsuptwomagazinesthatteachersread,anditalsoshowsthatmajorityofteachers,sayages20to30,readthemagazineaboutclassroomactivities,whilemostteachersolderthanthat,readtheothermagazine,theoneabout,let’ssay,educationalpsychology.Youthinkyourproductwillappealmostteacher20to30,soyoudecidetoputyouradvertisementtotheirfavoritemagazine,theoneaboutclassroomact