科技英语阅读

Unit2Sharks:TheirPhysiologyandTheirRoleinCancerResearch鲨鱼的生理机能及其在癌症研究方面的作用sharkn.鲨鱼、骗子；vi.诈骗；vt.敲诈subtropical[,sʌb'trɔpikəl]adj.亚热带的subtropicalhigh亚热带高压，副热带高压subtropicalzone亚热带，副热带subtropicalclimate亚热带气候subtropicalmonsoonclimate亚热带季风性气候temperatezone温带frigidzone寒带TheNorthFrigidZone北寒带theequator赤道prevailingwesterlies/westerlyzone

WesterliesWind盛行西风带鲸鲨baskingshark

n.[鱼]姥鲛；姥鲨姥鲨是姥鲨科及姥鲨属中唯一的一个物种。它是继鲸鲨以下世界上第二大的鱼类。姥鲨分布在全世界的温带海洋。它们游动缓慢，一般都没有危害及依靠浮游生物为饵料的。就像其他的大型鲨鱼，姥鲨正面临灭绝的危险，原因是其低繁殖及过份捕鱼，以供应世界各地对鱼翅、鱼肉及器官的需求。Plankton['plæŋktən]n.浮游生物（总称）浮游生物泛指生活于水中而缺乏有效移动能力的漂流生物，其中分有浮游植物及浮游动物。部分浮游生物具游动能力，但其游动速度往往比它自身所在的洋流流速来得缓慢，因而不能有效地在水中灵活游动。姥鲨feed养育；饲育，供养；助长(某种情绪)，培养，增长：tofeedone'sanger惹起某人的怒火feedoneself自己吃feedonv.以...为食；以...为能源feedback反馈；反应；回复feedrate馈送率；加料速度；进给速率animalfeed动物饲料e.g.Wefeedourdogsonfreshmeat.我们用新鲜的肉喂我们的狗。ferocious[fə'rəuʃəs]adj.残忍的；惊人的ferociousinspiration凶猛灵感ferociouslook凶气ferociouswinds狂风大作mako['mɑ:kəu]n.（大西洋和太平洋发现的）条纹状鲨鱼HewasaverybigMakosharkbuilttoswimasfastasthefastestfishintheseaandeverythingabouthimwasbeautifulexcepthisjaws.

/shockwave/download/download.cgi?P1_Prod_Version=ShockwaveFlash条纹鲨鱼hammerheadshark锤头鲨；锤头鲨，又称双髻鲨。锤头鲨的头部有左右两个突起。每个突起上各有一只眼睛和一个鼻孔。两只眼睛相距1米。分布在热、亚热带海洋。lemonshark柠檬鲨Mitchellandcolleaguesfoundantibiotic-resistantbacteriainsevenspeciesofshark—suchasbluesharks,lemon

sharks,andnursesharks.

米歇尔和他的同事们在七种鲨鱼里找到了耐抗生素的细菌，这些鲨鱼包括：大青鲨，柠檬鲨，护士鲨。柠檬鲨锤头鲨blueshark

大青鲨whitetipshark：白鳍鲨razor['reizə]vt.剃，用剃刀刮n.剃刀ammonal['æmənæl]n.阿芒拿尔（一种高性能炸药）大青鲨Whitetip大白鲨pit[pit]

n.(物体或人体表面上的）凹陷;vt.使竞争；窖藏；使凹下；去…之核；使留疤痕vi.凹陷;起凹点sensorypits【无脊椎动物】感觉窝gill[gil]n.腮；菌褶；（山谷中的）沟壑，峡流；及耳（容量单位）vi.被刺网捕住vt.用刺网捕鱼；去除内脏Snout

英[snaʊt]n.鼻子；猪嘴；烟草【昆虫学】喙flounder['flaundə]vi.挣扎，折腾；错乱地做事或说话n.比目鱼；挣扎，辗转marine[mə'ri:n]adj.海生的；航海的，海运的；船舶的；海产的n.（海军）士兵或军官；舰队；水兵；海运业marinebiologist海洋生物学家bonyfish硬骨鱼，[鱼]多骨鱼lateraladj.侧面的，横向的n.侧部；

[语]边音vt.横向传球WhatDr.Pottersuggests,ifpossible,isalateralmovewithinyourpresentorganization,suchasamovetoanotherdepartmentortoadifferentposition.波特博士建议的是，如果可能的话，在你当前组织中的一个横向的变迁，比如转到另一个部门或者不同的职位。inhopesofsth/doingsthTomJoadandhisfamilyabandonallthattheyhaveandmaketheirwaytoCaliforniainhopesofabetterlife—butfindtheplayingfieldalwaystiltedagainstthem.汤姆·乔德和他的家人抱着过上好日子的希望放弃了自己拥有的一切向加利福尼亚迁徙–却发现遭遇的一切都像是在跟他们作对。inhibitvt.抑制；禁止同义词：bar,restrain,control,stay，forbidtoinhibitwrongdesires抑制邪念toinhibitoxidation抑制氧化作用Wemustensurethatstandardspromoteinnovationanddonotinhibitit.我们必须要确保这些标准能促进创新，而不是抑制创新。bacteria[bæk‘tɪərɪə]细菌Virus[‘vaɪrəs]病毒VirusChaser驱逐软件;杀毒软件agent代理；主体；特务；细胞rid…of除去，摆脱ridsocietyofinequality消除社会不平等ridsomeoneof使某人摆脱riditselfof销毁自己e.g.Getridofthedistractionsaroundyou.除去周围分散你注意力的事物。海洋生物学家正在密切关注鲨鱼的生理，试图找出人类抗癌的一些途径。科学家已经发现，与多骨鱼相比，鲨鱼不患癌症。鲨鱼的血液似乎除了能抑制细菌和病毒的滋生，还能抑制癌细胞的形成。科学家目前正在检测鲨鱼的血液，以求找出鲨鱼是如何免于染上癌症的。科学家希望这一发现能被应用于人类癌症的预防和治疗。科技英语常用表达法shouldInstructionstooperators,employeese.g.Theresultsoftheexperimentshouldbeplottedonagraph.Specificationse.g.Thesteelshouldnotcontainmorethan0.5%ofcarbon.Expectationse.g.Theprocessofcoolingshouldcontinueforseveralhours.Toomuch太多的表达法:anexcessiveamountofsthtoomuchsthsthexcessivelyhigh/toohighexceed/begreaterthan/beinexcessofhighenough/sufficientlyhighenough/sufficient/adequateamountof1.Anexcessiveamountofairentersthefurnace.2.Thetemperatureoftheboilerissufficientlyhigh.toolittle“太少”的表达法:benotenough/inadequate/insufficiente.g.Theheatwasnotenoughtomeltthemetal.bedeficientin/haveadeficiencyof/don'thaveenough1.Nucleiwhicharedeficientinneutronsareunstable.2.Ontheotherhand,peoplewhohaveadeficiencyofbraveryarecowards;theywon'tputtheirassonthelineforanything.从另外一个方面说，缺少勇气的人是懦夫，他们不愿意为了任何事情冒险。Purpose目的的表达法:To/soasto/inorderto…dosthforthepurposeof/forthesakeof/withtheobjectof/withtheaimof/withaviewto…e.g.Asafetyvalveisprovidedforthepurposeofallowingexcesspressuretoescape.=Thepurposeofthesafetyvalveistoallowexcesspressuretoescape.ReadingExercisesExercise1Q1.Whyisthelathecalledthemostusefulandversatilemachineintheworkshop?Q2.Whatarethemaincomponentsofthelathe?Q3.Whatistherequirementforthelathebedtopreventthemachinefrombendingortwistingunderstress?

Thelatheisoneofthemostusefulandversatilemachinesintheworkshop,iscapableofcarryingoutawidevarietyofmachiningoperations.Themaincomponentsofthelathearetheheadstockandtailstockatoppositeendsofabed,andatool-postbetweenthenwhichholdsthecuttingtool.Thetool–poststandsonacross-slidewhichenableittomovesidewardsacrossthesaddleorcarriageaswellasalongit,dependingonthekindofjobitisdoing.Theordinarycentrelathecanaccommodateonlyonetoolatatimeonthetool-post,butaturret

latheiscapableofholdingfiveormoretoolsontherevolvingturret.Thelathebedmustbeverysolidtopreventthemachinefrombendingortwistingunderstress.Exercise2Q1.WhatisRichterscale?Q2.whentheearthquakemeasures7.2ontheRichterscale,whatdoesitmean?Q3.Whatisthecauseofearthquakes?Q4.Howisthefaultproduced?Earthquakesarethemostdangerousanddeadlyofallnaturalevents.Theyoccurinmanypartsoftheworld.GiantearthquakeshavebeenrecordedinIran,China,Guatemala,Chile,India,andAlaska.TwoofthebiggestearthquakesthatwereeverrecordedtookplaceinChinaandAlaska.Theseearthquakesmeasuredabout8.5ontheRichterscale.TheRichterScalewasdevisedbyCharlesRicherin1935,andcomparestheenergylevelofearthquakes.Anearthquakethatmeasuresa2onthescalecanbefeltbutcauseslittledamage.Onethatmeasures4.5onthescalecancauseslightdamage,andanearthquakethathasareadingofover7cancausemajordamage

Itisimportanttonotethatareadingof4indicatesaquaketentimesasstrongasonewithareadingof3.Seismologistswanttobeabletopredictthoseearthquakesthathaveareadingofover4ontheRichterScale.Howdoearthquakesoccur?Earthquakesarecausedbytheshiftingofrocksalongcracks,orfaults,intheearth’scrust.Thefaultisproducedwhenrocksnearotherarepulledindifferentdirections.Thebest-knownfaultinNorthAmericaistheSanAndreasfaultinthestateofCaliforniaintheUnitedStates.ThenationsthatareactivelyinvolvedinearthquakepredictionprogramsincludeJapan,China,theSovietUnion,andtheUnitedStates.Seismologistsinthesescountriesmeasureradonin