2020-2021学年全国(新高考)高二下学期开学摸底考试英语试题

年全国（高考）高下学期开学底考试英语试题本试卷满分120分考试时间分钟。第部阅读解共两节，满分分第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分分阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项、C和），选出最佳选项。AtoOftenconsideredas"TheLostCityoftheIncas",MachuPicchuprobablythemostfamiliarsymboloftheIncaEmpire(印帝).Itwasbuiltaroundtheyear1450,butabandonedahundredyearslater,atthetimetheSpanishconquestoftheIncaEmpire.Forgottenforcenturies,thewasbroughtworldwideattentionin1911byanAmericanhistorian.Sincethen,Picchuhasbecomeanimportanttouristattraction.wasannouncedHeritagein1983.ItisalsooneofNewoftheWorld.Butithasrecentlycometolightthatthesitediscoveredrobbedsecretlyasearlyin1867bybusinessman,AugustoBerns.Aboutfeetabovesealevellocatedonasmallhilltopbetweenmountainrange,themajesticcityrisesabovetheUrabambaValleybelow.Separatedintothree—farmingareas,urbanareas,andreligiousareas—thestructuresarrangedsothatfunctionthebuildingstheoftheirsurroundings.Theagriculturalterracingditches梯和沟)takeadvantageofthenaturalslopes;thelowerareascontainbuildingsoccupiedbyfarmersteachers,andimportantreligiousareasarelocatedcrestofthehill,overlookingthegreenValleythousandsfeetbelow.Hikers,tourists,andtheearlyexplorersdescribesimilaremotionsastheyclimbtheirthroughtheIncaTrail.calltheexperiencemagicalandsaytheareacreatesawonderfulgreenparadise,makingitamustforanyonetravelsPeru.1.WhatwelearnaboutAugustoBernsfromthepassage?A.Hereportedhisfindingtothegovernmentintime.1

B.HethefirstwhodiscoveredtheruinsofMachuPicchu.C.HehelpedmakeMachuPicchuaWorldHeritageD.HeworkedtogetherwithBinghamontheresearchintoMachuPicchu.2.WhendidMachuPicchuanimportanttouristattraction?A.AfterBinghamfoundtheruins.B.AfterSpanishconqueredtheIncaEmpire.C.AfteritwasnamedaUNESCOHeritagesite.D.AfterBerns'workbecameknowntothepublic.3.Whichcanreplaceunderlinedword"crest"intheparagraph?A.Bottom.

B.Centre.C.Valley.D.Top.BBorninLondonin1825,HenryHuxleyoneofthegreatestmenofthenineteenthcentury.In1846,ThomasHenryHuxleyappointedanassistantdoctoraboardHMSRattlesnake.TheshiphadbeenaskedtosurveyareasoftheGreatBarrierReefandtheneighboringseas.ThisHenryHuxleyanopportunitytostudyanimallifewasthestarthisbiologicalcareer.Thevoyagelastedyears,duringtimehegatheredmuchinformationonplankton(浮生.Onhisreturnfromthevoyage,ThomasHenryHuxleywasaoftheRoyalSocietyinrecognitionhiswork.Althoughhecontinuedtopublishpapersaboutplankton,hisinterestwasturningvertebrate脊椎animals.sometimeThomasHenryHuxleyandhisworkmateshadbeendiscussingthepossibilitythatanimalspecieshadevolved化,onefromanother.Nosatisfactorytheorieshadbeenputforward,butinDarwin'sappeared.ThomasHenryHuxleyatoncerealizeditsandtheoryofnaturalselectionprovidedtheworkinghypothesis说sought.FortherestofhislifeThomasHenryHuxleystruggledtoensurethefullrecognitionofDarwin'swork.In1863,ThomasHenryHuxleypublishedinwhichhecomparedmanandgreat.Heclearlyshowedsimilarities.Despitehismanyachievements,wasgivennoawardbyBritishstateuntillateinhisFromabout1870,ThomasHenryHuxleywastooinvolvedinotherthingstocontinueactual2

research.hadalwaysbeeninterestedineducation.Hepioneeredtheteachingbiologyhisofselecting"typeanimals"stillfollowedtoday.Hespentlasttenyearshiswritingessaysmainlybiology.4.WhydidHuxleygoontheA.Toexplorethedeepsea.C.Toworkasadoctoronship.

B.Todoresearchonseaanimals.D.Togatherinformationforpaper.5.HowdidHuxleyreactthetheoryofnaturalselection?A.Hehaddoubtaboutit.C.Hecouldn'tunderstandit.

B.Hethoughthighlyofit.D.Hethoughthedevelopedit6.WhatdoknowaboutHuxley'sMan'sinA.Itdiscussestheofbeings.B.ItfocusesonDarwin'videsevidenceabouttheevolutionofmanfromapes.7.WhatwelearnaboutHuxleythelastparagraph?A.Hecontributedalottobiologyteaching.C.Heanovelistlatehislife.

B.Hecontinuedhisresearchtillhisdeath.D.Henevergotawardsforhisachievements.CThenextyoumakeyourselfhotcupoforcoffee,youmightletabitbeforedrinking.Researcherssaylettingyourhotdrinksoffcouldyouavoidsomekindsofcancer.Infact,theUnitedNations'cancerresearchdecideshotdrinkslead,gasolineandexhaustfumesas"possiblycarcinogenic致癌的Inotherwords,eachonecouldcausecancer.ResearchersattheInternationalAgencyforResearchonCancer(IARC)foundevidencethatdrinkstemperaturesabove65degreesCelsius,swallowed,cancausecanceroftheesophagus食).Theresearchersexaminedfindingsotherstudieswhereandcoffeewereoftenservedat70degreesCelsiusorabove.ThosestudieswereinandAmerica.Indevelopedcountries,healthexpertshavelinkedesophagealcancertosmokingandalcoholic3

drinks.However,thisformofcancermoreinareaswherepeoplehavedrinkshightemperatures.InandtheUnitedStates,manypeopledrinkcoffeeandteaattemperaturesaround60degreesCelsius.theyoftenmilkwhichlowerstheconsiderably.However,tea-drinkersinoftenenjoytheirbeveragesatcloserdegreesCelsius.IntheWorldHealthOrganizationlistedcoffeeas"possiblycarcinogenic".WHOofficialshavesincechangedtheirpositiononthatlisting.Theysuggestthatthetemperatureofyourhotdrinkisgreaterfactorthantheactualdrinkitself.ChristopherWildisdirectoroftheIARC.Hesaidthatresultssuggestthatdrinkingveryhotbeveragesprobablecauseofesophagealcancerandthatitistemperature,ratherthanthedrinksthemselves,thatappearstoberesponsible.8.Whomostprobablysufferscancertheesophagus?A.Agirlwholikescoldmilk.C.Awholikescoffee.

B.Awhodrinksveryhottea.D.AmanwhoworksIARC.9.WhydidWHOremovecoffeefrom"possiblycarcinogenic"list?A.Peopledon'tcoffeeanylonger.C.Coffeehasnothingtodowithcancer.

B.PeopledrinkcoffeeatdegreesCelsius.D.Temperaturedangerousthancoffeeitself.10.Howtheauthormainlysupportthemeoftext?A.Bystudyingexamples.B.Bystartingarguments.C.Byprovidingresearchresults.11.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.HotDrinksLinkedtoCancerC.DangerofDrinkingDrinks

D.Byexplainingstatisticaldata.B.ReduceHavingHotDrinksD.HealthyDrinksDAfacialrecognitionapp,recentlydevelopedbyscientists,willeasiertoidentifypandas.WanYongqing,aBeijingphotographer,visitsSichuanProvincetakeofpandaseveryotheryear.hasthemforthanadecade.friendsabigpandafan.It4

shamethatfindpandaslookwithblackeyesandwhitefur.Itdoesmatterasallpandasaresaid.Yet,identifyingonepandafromanotherdoesmatterresearchers,accordingZhangZhihe,chiefoftheChengdupandaresearchbase."Identifyingindividualpandasimportantforconservationmanagementandresearch.Forcaptive(被)pandas,itisimportantfortheirdailyfeedingschedules,familyanddatamanagement.pandas,ithelpsresearcherstheirpopulationstructureprovidesscientificsupportfortheirprotectionandmanagement,"hesaid.Chinahascarriedoutfourscientificsurveysonwildpandas,andnowhasabigdatabankaboutthem.ThenumberofwildpandasinChinamostlyknown.However,difficulttodetermineage,sex,healthandotherspecificinformationaboutthepopulation."It'sdifficulttotrackandwatchthestructurebecausewildpandastoalone,deepinthemountains,andlivingenvironmentisvast,"Zhangadded.In2017,theChengdubasebeganresearchingindividualpandaidentificationtechnologybyanalyzingimages.Overthepasttwoyears,theyhavebuiltadatabankofmorethan120,000images,over1,000videoclips,andcompletedorganizingnearlyimages.Usingthedatabank,researchershavestartedafacialrecognitionappthatcanaccuratelyrecognizecaptivepandasbyanalyzingcomparinguniquefeaturesofpandafaces.PandaresearchershopethedataandAItechnologywillhelpanalyzedataforbothcaptiveandwildpandas.12.doesYongqingfeelaboutthepandas?A.Theyareboringhim.B.Theyseemattractivehim.C.Theyareeasytorecognize.D.Theylookdifferenthim.13.isitimportanttoidentifyindividualcaptivepandas?A.Itishelpfulforfurtherresearchdatamanagement.B.Ividesthattheyneedprotectioninwild.helpsresearchersbuildtheirlivingenvironment.5

14.makesdifficulttotrackandwatchwildpandas?A.TheyonlyinasmallB.Theydon'tleaveenoughtracks.C.Theyaredifficulttotheforest.D.Theylivealonedeepthemountains.15.isnecessaryforfacialrecognitionappwell?A.Thedatabankofpandas.B.Thestructureofpandas.C.TheinventionofAItechnology.D.Theuniquefeaturesofpandafaces.第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分满分12.5分根据短文内容短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项项有两项为多余选项。ThecompanyAmazonhaslaunchedastorenotrequireyoutostandinacheckoutsomeonetoprocessyour_____16____Peopletheenterthestore,choosetheproductstheyleavestorewiththem.ThecompanyopeneditsfirstAmazonstorethisweekinthestateWashington,aftermoreayearoftesting.firstneeddownloadtheapp._____17____Onceinside,hundredsandelectronicsensorsfollowpeople'sandrecordtheproductschosen.Theproductsareplacedintheapp'svirtualshoppingcart.Inotherwords,theappeverythingchosenbythecustomer.Ifyoudecideagainstbuyingoneormoreproductsbeforeleavingthestore,______18____Theartificialintelligenceortechnology.Atofvisit,thecustomerjustwalksoutofthestorewithallthedesiredproducts.Paymentisautomaticallythroughapp,islinkedtothebuyer'screditcard.firstAmazonsmallfoodmarket,sellingmainlyready-to-eatproductsanddrinks.___________Eventhoughthereisnoforcashierstake_____20_____preparefood,whileothersrefillproductsuppliesassistcustomers.6

Amazonhasyettoannounceplansforadditionalstores.Lastyear,theonlineboughtU.S.-basedWholeFoodsMarket,givingthestores.AmazonithasnoplansaddthetechnologythelargerandmoreWholeFoodsmarkets.A.Godoesemployworkers.B.simplyneedanonsmartphone.ItonfirstfloorAmazon'sheadquartersinSeattle.hasyettoannounceplansforadditionalGostores.E.Itisacomputerprogramthathelpsyougainentrythestore.thesoftwareautomaticallyremovesthoseitemsfromitsG.othercompaniesareworkingtocreateartificialintelligence-poweredstores.第部语言识用共两节，满分分第一节（共15小题；每小题分满分15分阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项、、和），选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。TherewhenItobeafashiondesigner,model,orarockstarupallofthemhalfway.thingIstuckwithwasdrawing.That'swhyofSelfLove"projectwasbothajoya21.TheruleIformyselfsimple:oneself-portrait自画像dayfordays.23myadvice,Iwantedtoachievesomethingoutsidejob.Inour24selfie(自拍addiction,takepicturesofourfacesallthetimewithoutasecond25.Iwantedtotheof"self"andcouldlearn.Iquickly27thatIneverlookedatmyfaceso28.ByaboutDay20,Igotagood29ofwhatIlookcouldmyselfprettywell.Myfacewasfamiliarto—insteadofjustbeingtheinthemirror.IalsogottiredoflookingatmyselfandItodrawsomethingelseotherthanface.last40daysveryhard.Icoulddowastellmyselfnevertogiveup.Finally31tomyselfthatIcoulddoit.Drawingmyfacefor100daysdifficult,butIit!I'mproudthatIfinishedthis32.Itwasgood33thatifsetmindonsomething—andifI'mcrazy7

aboutit—Icandoit.Andifthis,whatelsecan'tI35?21.A.chance22.A.joked23.A.Following24.A.tradition25.A.pause26.A.comeout27.A.realized28.A.confidently29.A.knowledge30.A.picture31.A.proved32.A.project33.A.reminder34.A.probably35.A.prefer

B.challengeB.B.SeekingB.cultureB.decisionB.giveB.understoodB.carefullyB.tasteB.B.explainedB.taskB.practiceB.actuallyB.adopt

giftsetMakingreligionattentionfigureoutconvincedgratefullyfeelingsightconfirmedworktestnaturallytake

sorrowdecidedConsideringthoughtpickexpectedcuriouslysenseshadowgameeffortfinallyachieve第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分分阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的内容1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。wasannouncedthatChinaachievedsuccessdrillingcombustible燃,afrozen__36___(mix)ofwaterandnaturaltheChinaSea.(official)knownasmethanehydrates甲烷水合,combustibleiceproduceshighofenergywhenburntanditschemicalreactionproducesnothingdioxidewater.Combustibleice,bothcleanandenergy-intensive,__38___(consider)thefuelofthefuture.Manycountries,includingtheUnitedStatesandJapan,___39__(conduct)researchoncombustibleice,butextracting(提)fromthebottomoftheseahasbeenaproblem___40__(trouble)ofthem.ButChinesesucceededdrillingcombustibleicefornearlyeightdays,___41__wasabigbreakthrough.However,itistooearly___42__(say)aenergysourcehasbeenfound.Theworld'scombustiblereservesrangefromtrillioncubictotrillioncubicmeters,which,extracted,couldmeetworld'sdemands___43__80to800yearsatcurrentrates.8

thesuccessfultestdrillingofcombustibleicedoesnotcanbeextractedfor(industry)use.Chinahassolvemanyproblemsbeforeitusecombustibleiceasasourceofenergy.thoughtthatonly___45__earliestmightpeopleabletorealisticcommercialvalues.第部写作共两节，满分40分第一节（满分15分假如你是李华校学生会计划在报告厅一楼组织一次中文书法展览根下列提示给你校学生写一篇英文书面通知，鼓励他们踊跃提交作品。内容要点：举的目的、时间及地点；参作品的要求参的奖励。注意：词80左右；可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。参考词汇：书法展览calligraphyexhibition参作品_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________第二节（满分25分阅读下面材料根其内容和所段落开头语续写两段之构成一篇完整的短文续写的词数应为左。Jennywasbright-eyed,prettyfive-year-olddaywhensheandhermotherwerecheckingoutatthegrocerystore,Jennysawaplasticpearlnecklacewhichwaspricedat$2.50.Howwantedthatnecklace,andwhensheaskedhermotherifshewouldbuyforher,hermothersaid,"Well,itisaprettynecklace,butitanawfullotofmoney.I'lltellyouwhat.I'llbuythenecklace,andwhenwehomewecanmakealistchoresthatyoucandotopayfornecklace.Anddon'tforgetthatforbirthdayjustmightgiveyouadollarbill,too.Jennyhappily,herboughtthepearlnecklaceforher.9

Jennyonchoreseveryday,sureherherbrand-newdollarbillforherbirthday.SoonJennyhadpaidoffthepearls.HowJennylovedthosepearls!woretokindergarten,bedandevenwhenouthermothertorunerrands.Theonlytimeshedidn'twearthemwasintheshower,becausehertoldthattheyturngreen!JennyhadverylovingDaddy.Jennywenttobed,hewouldgetupfromhisfavoritechairnightandreadJennyfavoriteOnenightwhenfinishedstory,Jenny,sweetie,youloveme?""Ohyes,youloveyou,"thelittlegirlsaidwithasmile."Well,then,giveyourpearls.""Oh!Daddy,notmypearls!"Jennyrefused."ButyoucanhaveRosy,myfavoritedoll.her?Yougavetolastyearforbirthday.Andyoucanherpartyoutfit全套服),too."Ohdarling,that'sokay."Herbrushedherwithakiss."Goodnight,littleone."Paragraph1:weekonceJennysamestory,_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Paragraph2:weekcameaasusual,_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________10

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答案以及解第部阅读解第一节A答案：解析1.细理解题。由第一段末的"Butithasrecentlycometolightthatthesitebeendiscoveredandrobbedsecretlyasearlyasinbybusinessman,AugustoBerns."可得出答案。细理解题。由第一段中的…thesitewasbroughttoattentionin1911byHiramBingham,anAmericanhistorian.Sincethen,MachuPicchuhasbecomeanimportanttouristattraction."可得出答案。词猜测题。由后文的overlooking可看出，宗教区位于山顶。故选。B答案：CBDA解析：细节理题。根据第一段第二句In1846,ThomasHenryHuxleywasappointedanassistantdoctorHMS可知航是因为他在船上当医生。细理解题。根据第二段最后一句HenryHuxleyatoncerealizeditsandhowthetheoryofnaturalselectionprovidedtheworkinghypothesis(假说sought.知，Huxley对然选择理论评价很高。细理解题。根据第三段第二、三句1863,ThomasHenryHuxleypublishedMan'sPlaceNatureinwhichhecomparedmanandgreat猿.Heclearlyshowed可，ThomasHenryHuxley的书《人类在自然界的位置》为人类从类人猿化而来提供了证据，故选。推判断题。根据最后一段可知他一直对教育感兴趣，他是生物学教学的先锋，他选择"类群动物的方法一直沿用至今，他生命的最十年主要是写有关生物学的论文。由此推断出，对物教学做出了很大贡献，故选。C答案：解析：细节理题。根据第三"ResearchersattheInternationalAgencyforResearchonCancer(IARC)foundevidencethatdrinksattemperaturesabove65degreesCelsius,12

swallowed,cancausecancertheesophagus."知，喝温度在℃以上的饮料会引发食道癌，故选B项细理解题。根据第七段中的WHOofficialshavesincechangedtheirpositiononthatlisting.Theynowsuggestthetemperatureofdrinkisgreaterriskfactoractualdrink可，世界卫生组织将咖啡从可致”单上去掉，是因为相比于饮料本身，热饮的温度对健康的影响更大。10.理判断题。作者是通过叙述研究结果以及研者的观点来支撑本文的主题，即过热的饮料会引发食道癌，故选C项11.标题判断题。根据第一段二"Researcherssaylettingyourhotdrinkscooloffcouldhelpyouavoidsomekindscancer."和最后一段中的istemperature,ratherthedrinksthemselves,thatappearstobe并合全文内容知文要介绍了一项新的研究发现，即过热的饮料会引发食道癌，故选A项。D答案：BADA解析：细理解题。根据第二段"Itdoesnotmatterallpandasarecuteto（这并不重要，因为所有的熊猫对我来说都很可爱"可知，熊猫对an来很吸引力。细理解题。根据第四段中captivepandas,importantfortheirdailyfeedingschedules,familybackgroundand（对于圈养的熊猫来说，这对它们的日常喂养计划、家庭背景和数据管理都很重要）可，别圈养大熊猫个体很重要是因为这有助于进一步的研究和数据管理。14.细节理解题第段"becausewildpandastendlivealone,deepthemountains,andtheirlivingvast（为野生大熊猫往往是独居的，生活在山区，而且它们的生存环境非常广阔可知，野生大熊猫往是独居的，生活在深山，因此难以追踪。推理判断题。根据倒数第二段"Usingthedatabank,researchershavestartedafacialrecognitionappthatcanaccuratelyrecognizecaptivepandasbyanalyzingandcomparingtheuniquefeaturesofpanda可，熊猫数据库是熊猫识别应用程序正常运行的必要条件。第二节答案：BEFCA解析：根下文的“with”知B中的anappona”13

为同词复现。17.上提到了“theGo这款应用E项对这款应用的介绍。18.上文提到“如果你在离开商店前决定放弃购买一件或多件商品”项软件会自动从内存中删除这些商品”可承接上文。19.上文是对这家无人超市所出售商品的介绍C项有关这家无人超市的具体位置，前后两句衔接自然。20.根据下文的“一些人准备食物，而另一些人则补充产品供应和帮助顾客”可知亚马逊也雇用员工。第部语言识用第一节答案：BCABD26-30CABDB31-35解析：根下文中oneself-portrait自画像）dayfor100days并合全文可知作者要坚持画自画100天这对于作者来说很难，是个挑战challenge22.由语境可知此处表示作者自己设定规则set为设置，设。23.根据语境可知是听从）己内心的声，想在工作之外做一些事情。24.根据语境及常识可知，我现在是在一个沉迷于自拍的文化氛围中，故culture。25.在这么一个自拍成风的文氛围中，人们不假思索地自拍athought意不假思。26.作者想弄清楚（）自的义，并看看自己可以学到什么。27.作很快意到（）自己从来没有如此仔细地看过自己的。28.根据上一题的解析可知此表示作者很快意识到自己从来没有如此仔细地）过自己的脸。29.了大约第二十天的时候，作者能够很好地理解自己的长相了。goodsense意