Unit4 transportation and distribution物流专业英语 配送

Unit4TransportationandDistributionText1TransportationModeDialogue1NegotiatingabouttheTransportationConditionsText2DistributionManagementDialogue2PartialShipmentandTransshipmentText1TransportationMode【Para1】Whatistransportation（什么是运输？）

Everyfirmrequiresthemovementofgoodsfromthepointtoanotherpoint.Transportationreferstothephysicalmovementofgoodsfromapointoforigintoapointofconsumption.Itcaninvolverawmaterialsbeingbroughtintotheproductionprocessorfinishedgoodsbeingshippedtothecustomer.Transportationisoneofthemostsignificantareasoflogisticsmanagement.Railway,road,waterway,air,andpipelinetransportationmakeupthemajormodesoftransportinmodernsociety.Eachmodehasitsownrequirementsandfeatures.Inthefollowingparagraphswelookatsomeofthedifferentcharacteristicsofeachtransportmode.Text1TransportationMode【Para2】RailwayTransportation（铁路运输）

Railofferscost-effectivetransportoflargequantitiesofcargosoverlongdistance.Itisespeciallygoodforcargoeswithhighvolumeandlowvalue,suchascoal,timberandgrain.Overthepastyearsrailusagehasdeclinedasroadtransporthastakenovershorthaulbusinessandwatertransporthastakenbulkcommoditiesfreight.Railtransportisoneofthemostenergyefficientmodesoflandtransport.Environmentalandsafeconsiderationalsofavorrailoverroadtransport.Text1TransportationModeHowever,themajordisadvantagesofrailwayaretheinherentinflexibilityofoperation,fixedtimeschedulesandservicefromterminaltoterminal.Text1TransportationMode【Para3】RoadTransportation（公路运输）

Roadtransportiswidelyusedininlanddeliveryofgoods.Thismodetendstobeusedforhigher-valueandlower-volumecargooverrelativelyshortdistance.Itiscapableofprovidingadoortodoorservice.Ithasnotanybreakinthejourneytochangefromonevehicletoanother.Soitcanbeflexibleenoughtoperform“just-in-time”delivery.Anyworkplaceinthecountrycanbeservicedbyroad.Text1TransportationModeTheadvantagesofroadtransportareflexibilityofbothlocationandtimeandspeedofdelivery.Withthedevelopmentofroadtransport,newtypesofproblem,suchasasignificantgrowthoffuelconsumption,airpollution,trafficcongestionandroadaccidentshaveemerged.Text1TransportationMode【Para4】WaterwayTransportation（水路运输）

Waterwaytransportationincludesmaritimeandrivertransportation.Astheoldestmodeoftransport,waterwayhasdevelopedconsiderablyoverthelastdecades.Waterwayisutilizedforlargeloadsoflow-value-per-unitgoods.Thecarriersarespecializedforinternalriver,canaltransport,andinternationaldeep-seaships.Text1TransportationModeItisthecheapestmethodofmovinggoodsworldwide.Themainadvantageofshippingindustryliesinmovingthevastquantitiesofcargoinoneship.Themaindisadvantageisthespeedoftheshipwhichisveryslowly.Text1TransportationMode【Para5】AirTransportation（航空运输）

Airtransporthasbeenincreasedtremendouslyandplaysamoreimportantroleingloballogisticsthaneverbefore.Airtransportaccountsforthesmallestproportionofcargotransportation.Itsgrowthrateinrecentyearsisthehighestamongthemodesoftransport.Itoffersrapidandflexibledelivery.Themajoradvantageofairfreightisthespeedoftravel.Thelongerthedistanceoftheflight,thegreaterthetimesavingofthecustomer.Airtransportisprimarilyusedfor:Text1TransportationModeEmergencytransportofthecriticalitemsSpeedytransportofhigh-value,low-weightproductsSpeedytransportofperishableitemsText1TransportationMode【Para6】PipelineTransportation（管道运输）

Thebasicnatureofpipelineisuniqueincomparisontoallothermodesoftransport.Pipelinesoperateonatwenty-four-hourbasis,sevendaysperweek.Pipelineroutesarepracticallyunlimited.Pipelinesareusuallyusedtotransitnaturalgas,petroleumandcoal.Text1TransportationModeNewWordsandPhrasesmovementn.移动，运动originn.生产地，原产地consumptionn.消费significantadj.重大的，有意义的requirementn.需求，需要featuren.特点，特征characteristicn.特性，特征Text1TransportationModecoaln.煤timbern.木材grainn.粮食，谷物hauln.拖拉，运输bulkadj.大批的，散装的environmentaladj.环境的inflexibilityn.不变性schedulen.

时间表terminaln.终点站，终端Text1TransportationModevehiclen.车辆，交通工具pollutionn.污染congestionn.堵塞，阻塞emergev.显现，形成maritimeadj.海运的，海上的canaln.运河tremendouslyadv.非常的，惊人的proportionn.部分，比例emergencyn.紧急情况，紧急事件Text1TransportationModeperishableadj.

新鲜的，易腐烂的petroleumn.

石油rawmaterial原材料productionprocess生产线finishedgoods成品cost-effective经济有效的doortodoorservice门到门运输服务incomparisonto与…比较Text1TransportationModeNotes1．Transportationreferstothephysicalmovementofgoodsfromapointoforigintoapointofconsumption.Itcaninvolverawmaterialsbeingbroughtintotheproductionprocessorfinishedgoodsbeingshippedtothecustomer.

运输是指从生产地到消费地的物理性移动。具体包括了原材料运到生产线以及产成品运到消费者。Text1TransportationMode2．Overthepastyearsrailusagehasdeclinedasroadtransporthastakenovershorthaulbusinessandwatertransporthastakenbulkcommoditiesfreight.

近些年来，随着公路主要从事短途业务及水路主要从事大批量的散货运输，铁路的业务量逐年呈下降趋势。Text1TransportationMode3．Soitcanbeflexibleenoughtoperform“just-in-time”delivery.

所以公路运输足够灵活，完成准时制服务。4．Theadvantagesofroadtransportareflexibilityofbothlocationandtimeandspeedofdelivery.

公路运输的优势是位置、时间和交货速度上的灵活性。Text1TransportationMode5．Waterwayisutilizedforlargeloadsoflow-value-per-unitgoods.

水运主要适用于单位价值较低的大批量货物。6．Thelongerthedistanceoftheflight,thegreaterthetimesavingofthecustomer.

飞行的距离越长，客户节约的时间就越多。Text1TransportationMode7．Speedytransportofperishableitems

新鲜货物的快速运输8．Thebasicnatureofpipelineisuniqueincomparisontoallothermodesoftransport.

与其他运输方式相比，管道运输的特点独特。Dialogue1NegotiatingabouttheTransportationConditions(ThefollowingisaconversationbetweentheMr.Lin,theclerkinalogisticscompanyandAmy,acustomerofthecompany.)Amy：Iamgladwehavesettledthetermsofpayment,Mr.Lin.Whenistheearliestshipmentyoucanmake?Lin：Itusuallytakesustwomonthstodelivery,andforaspecialorder,ittakesalittlelonger,threemonths.Youknowweshouldgetthegoodsready,makeoutthedocumentsandbookshippingspace.Dialogue1NegotiatingabouttheTransportationConditionsAmy：Whenistheexactshippingdate?Lin：WecanmakepromptshipmentbytheendofJune.Amy：IamafraidthedateofshipmentwouldbelateforusLin：Themanufacturersarefullycommitted.Theyhavenostockonhand.Amy：Butpromptshipmentisofgreatimportanceforus.Lin：Isee.Dialogue1NegotiatingabouttheTransportationConditionsAmy：Afterthearrivaloftheshipment,theflowofthegoodsthroughthemarketingchanneltakesatleasttwoorthreeweeksbeforethegoodscanreachus.Lin：Well,Isee.Wewillcontactthefactoryandseeiftheycanmanagetoadvancedeliverybyamonth.Amy：Thatwillbeexcellent.Lin：Howaboutpartialshipment?Wecanshipwhateverisreadytomeetyoururgentneedinsteadofwaitingforthewholelottogetready.Iproposethatwecanmakedeliveryof50percentofgoodsinMarchandbalanceinearlyApril.Dialogue1NegotiatingabouttheTransportationConditionsAmy：YourproposalisworkableLin：Anotherproblemistheshippingspace.Evenwehadthegoodsready,IdonotthinkwecouldshiptheminMarch.Amy：Iknowthereisagreatdemandonshippinglately.Lin：IwasinformedthatlinerspaceforChangChenghasbeenfullybookeduptotheendofMarch.Amy：Maybetrampsarestillavailable.Dialogue1NegotiatingabouttheTransportationConditionsLin：Anyhowwewilltry.WewillaskChinaShippingCo.,Ltdtomeetourneeds.Amy：Incaseyoushouldfailtoeffectdeliverywithinthestipulatedtime,weshouldhavetodeclareaclaimagainstyouforthelossandreservetherighttocancelthecontract.Amy：Weknowthat.Iassureyoutheshipmentwillbeeffectedintime.Lin：Thankyouforyourcooperation.Amy：Notatall.Dialogue1NegotiatingabouttheTransportationConditionsNewWordsandPhrasessettlev.安排，解决documentn.文件，单证promptadj.迅速的，立即的commitv.委托，从事balancen.余额，剩下的effectv.实现，履行Stipulatev.指定，规定，约定Dialogue1NegotiatingabouttheTransportationConditionstrampn.不定期租船termsofpayment支付条款partialshipment分批装运shippingspace舱位declareaclaim索赔Dialogue1NegotiatingabouttheTransportationConditionsNotes1．Youknowweshouldgetthegoodsready,makeoutthedocumentsandbookshippingspace.

你知道，我们需要时间准备货物，制作单证，预定舱位。Dialogue1NegotiatingabouttheTransportationConditions2．Wewillcontactthefactoryandseeiftheycanmanagetoadvancedeliverybyamonth.

我们将联系工厂，并看一下他们是否能提前一个月装运。3．IwasinformedthatlinerspaceforChangChenghasbeenfullybookeduptotheendofMarch.

我接到通知“长城”号轮的班轮舱位在3月底前已被全部预定完毕。Dialogue1NegotiatingabouttheTransportationConditions4．Incaseyoushouldfailtoeffectdeliverywithinthestipulatedtime,weshouldhavetodeclareaclaimagainstyouforthelossandreservetherighttocancelthecontract.

如果你们不能在规定的时间内装运，我们将针对损失提出索赔，并保留取消合同的权力。Dialogue1NegotiatingabouttheTransportationConditions

Tips：1．Whatwouldbeyourearliestdeliverydate?2．Ithinktheearliestshipmentwecanmakeis...3．Promptshipmentisveryimportanttous.4．Wetryourbesttoadvanceshipment,butwecannotcommitourselves.5．Thelastthingwewanttodoistopostponethedeliverydate.6．Itwillbebettertoshipthemallatonetimesothatwecouldn’tmissthesalesseason.7．Ifyouareinurgentneedofthegoods,wesuggestthatyouallowpartialshipment.8．Iassureyoutheshipmentwillbeeffectedintime.Exercise多式联运__________transportation货运标志__________marks运输模式transportation______铁路运输_______transport冷藏拖车__________trailers中转运输_________transport运输费用____________costs物流运输基础设施Logisticstransportation__________ExerciseTransportprovidesflexibilityandexistsnotonlyasalinkbetweenthedifferentelementsofthesupplychain,butalsorawmaterialstoprocessingplant,distributionoffinishedgoodstowholesalersandretailers.运输所提供的便利不仅仅存在于供应链各个因素之间的连接，还存在于从原材料到加工工厂，以及产品到批发商及零售商的配送之中。Thetransportdecisiononmodalchoiceisaverycomplexmatterandrelativeeffectofcostsshouldnotbeunder-estimated.运输模式的选择是一件非常复杂的事情，相关的成本影响不能被低估。ExerciseBasedontherealityofchainenterpriseanddistributioncentreinChina,thispaperdiscussesthedevelopmentstrategyandthedistributionmodelabouttheregionaldistributioncentreofchainenterprises.本文从中国连锁企业和配送中心发展的实际出发，对我国连锁企业区域性配送中心的发展策略和配送模式进行了探讨。Warehousesfocusonminimizingtheoperatingcoststomeetshippingrequirements,whileDCsfocusonmaximizingtheprofitimpactoffulfillingcustomerdeliveryrequirement.仓库运用最低的运营成本来满足装运需求，配送中心利润最大化的同时履行客户送货需求。Text2DistributionManagement【Para1】WhatistheDistributionCenter?（什么是配送中心？）

Distributioncenterisalogisticslink.Itsmainfunctionistocarryonphysicaldistribution.Indetail,itisalargeandautomatedcenterdestinedtoreceivegoodsfromvariousplantsandsuppliers,takeorder,fillthemefficiently,anddelivergoodstocustomersontime.Text2DistributionManagement【Para2】ThedifferencebetweenDistributionCentersandWarehouses（配送中心和仓库的区别）

Unlikeawarehouse,however,it’semphasisisonthemovingofgoodsratherthanonlong-termstoragecenter.Itislocatedclosetoamajormarket.Itcanachievetotherapidprocessingofordersandshipmentofgoodtocustomers.Thedifferencesindetailareasfollows:Text2DistributionManagement

Warehouses(Ws)handlemostproductsinreceiving,storingandshipping;whiledistributioncenters(DCs)handlemostproductsinreceiving,picking,packagingandshipping.Wsperformaminimumofvalue-addedactivities(receive-store-shipgenerallyinoriginalforms),whileDCsperformagreatdealofvalue-addedactivities,e.g.,finalassembly.Wscollectdatainbatches(generallyreceiveandshipgoodsinbatches),whileDCscollectdatainrealtime.Text2DistributionManagement

Wsstoreallproducts(sloworfastmoving),whileDCsholdpredominantlyhighdemanditems.Wsfocusonminimizingtheoperatingcoststomeetshippingrequirements,whileDCsfocusonmaximizingtheprofitimpactoffulfillingcustomerdeliveryrequirement.Text2DistributionManagement【Para3】OperationFlowofDistributionCenter（配送中心的运作流程）

Therearesevenstepsofoperationflowinthedistributioncenter.Goodsconsolidation：Itreferstoreceivegoodsfromvariousplantsandsuppliers.Storage：Itreferstokeepthegoodsinthewarehouses.Text2DistributionManagementOrderPicking：Itreferstopickupthedestinedgoodsaccordingtotheorders.Purchase：Itreferstomakeorderswiththesuppliers.Orderfill：Itreferstofilltheorders.Sorting：Itreferstoputthegoodsintoseparatedpackageaccordingtotheorder.Distribution：Itreferstodispatchthegoodsinthespecifictransportationmode.Text2DistributionManagement【Para4】CostofDistribution（配送成本）

Distributionisanimportantaspectofacompany’smarketingandproductioneffortandthecostsofdistributionbearonthefinaldeliveredcostofanyproduct.Transportationcosts：Themostusedmodeoftransportationishighwaymotortransport.Butthecostofthismodeisrelativelyhigh.Changingthelocationandthenumberofwarehouseschangetransportationcostsinunanticipatedandcomplexways.Text2DistributionManagement

Storagecosts：Toprovidecustomerservicethroughthecompany’schosenchannelsofdistribution,somewarehousingisrequired.Thekeepingofstocksgivesrisetocosts.Costsofproduction：Itvariesbetweenlocations,withthelevelofinvestmentandwiththevolumeofoutput.Productiondecisionsmusttakeaccountofdistributioncosts.Text2DistributionManagement

Communicationsanddataprocessingcosts：Itvarieswiththecomplexityofthedistributionfunctionandoperation.Thisincludesthelevelofcustomerserviceprovided,orderprocessing,inventorycontrolandtransportdocumentation.Text2DistributionManagementNewWordsandPhraseslinkn.

连接点destinev.

预定，指定suppliern.供给者，供应商efficientadj.有效率的，最经济的emphasisn.强调，重点collectv.集合，收集predominantlyadv.压倒性的，主要的Text2DistributionManagementconsolidationn.联合，配货sortv.分类，分拣separatev.分离，隔离dispatchv.派遣，发送anticipatev.预期，预料complexadj.复杂的，合成的complexityn.复杂性documentationn.文件，单证Text2DistributionManagementvalue-added增值inbatches分批地，成批地realtime实时orderpicking订单拣选orderfill订单履行giveriseto导致，引起Text2DistributionManagementNotes1．Indetail,itisalargeandautomatedcenterdestinedtoreceivegoodsfromvariousplantsandsuppliers,takeorders,fillthemefficiently,anddelivergoodstocustomersontime.

具体的说，配送中心是一个大型的自动化中心,它从工厂和供应者手中接受货物,接受订单，有效执行定单,并将货物准时送给客户。Text2DistributionManagement2．Wsperformaminimumofvalue-addedactivities(receive-store-shipgenerallyinoriginalforms),whileDCsperformagreatdealofvalue-addedactivities,e.g.,finalassembly.

仓库处理极少的增值物流活动，然而配送中心处理大量的增值活动，例如，产品终端装配。3．DCscollectdatainrealtime.

配送中心收集处理实时数据。Text2DistributionManagement4．Wsfocusonminimizingtheoperatingcoststomeetshippingrequirements,whileDCsfocusonmaximizingtheprofitimpactoffulfillingcustomerdeliveryrequirement.

仓库运用最低的运营成本来满足装运需求，配送中心利润最大化的同时履行客户送货需求。Text2DistributionManagement5．Itreferstopickupthedestinedgoodsaccordingtotheorders.

根据订单收集指定货物。6．Itreferstoputthegoodsintoseparatedpackageaccordingtotheorder.

根据订单将货物进行不同的包装。Text2DistributionManagement7．Itreferstodispatchthegoodsinthespecifictransportationmode.

将货物按指定的运输方式发送货物。8．Changingthelocationandthenumberofwarehouseschangetransportationcostsinunanticipatedandcomplexways.

改变仓库的位置和数目会以一种无法预料且极其综合的方式改变运输成本。Dialogue2PartialShipmentandTransshipment(ThefollowingisaconversationbetweentheMr.Gong,theclerkinaninternationallogisticscompanyandMary,acustomerofthecompany.)Gong：Speakingofyourorder,No156,MissMary,I’mafraidwecan’tshipthewholelotatonetime.Mary：Why?Isthereanythingwrongwithmyorder?Dialogue2PartialShipmentandTransshipmentGong：Asfarasyourorderisconcerned,everythingisallright.Onlyit’sdifficultforustogetsomanygoodspreparedwithinsuchashortperiod.Dialogue2PartialShipmentandTransshipmentMary：Whatdoyouproposedoing?Youarenotgoingtoadvisemetocanceltheorder,areyou?Gong：No.Ionlyproposethatpartialshipmentbeallowed.Mary：Butourcustomersareinurgentneedofthesegoods.Soitwillbebettertoshipthemallatonce.Dialogue2PartialShipmentandTransshipmentGong：MissMary,maybeyouarenotclearaboutmypointyet.Itisinyourownintereststhatweputforwardsuchaproposal.Ifpartialshipmentisallowed,insteadofwaitingforthewholelottogetready,wecanshipwhateverisreadytomeettheurgentneedofyourend-users.Mary：Oh,Isee.InthatcaseIagreetopartialshipment.Howdoyouwantthegoodsdivided?Dialogue2PartialShipmentandTransshipmentGong：Forthoseitemsthataresmallinsizeandlightinweight,wesendthemviaairfreight.It’llbeallrighttoshipotherordinaryandlargesizeditemsbysea.Mary：Pleasebyallmeansguaranteethedateofshipmentsothatwewouldn’tmissthesalesseason.Gong：WecanassureyouthattheshipmentofyourorderwillbeeffectedinJuneatthelatest.Thereisnoneedtoworry.Dialogue2PartialShipmentandTransshipmentMary：Bytheway,wedohopeyoucanmakeadirectshipment.Gong：We’lldowhatwecan.Incasethereisnodirectshipment,willyouconsiderallowingtransshipment?Mary：I’mafraidnot.Youknow,Mr.Gong,transshipmenttakesmuchmoretime.What’smore,therearerisksofdamagetothegoodsduringtransshipment.Ihopeyouwilltrysomeotherway.Dialogue2PartialShipmentandTransshipmentGong：Howaboutthisthen?I’llcontacttheshippingcompanyagainandaskthemtomakedeliveryhalfamonthinadvance.Thiswillensuretheconsignmenttoreachyourportintimeforyourcustomers’needs.Mary：That’smarvelous!Makedeliveryhalfamonthinadvance,andI’llagreetoyoursuggestion.Dialogue2PartialShipmentandTransshipmentNewWordsandPhrasesurgentadj.紧急的，迫切的dividev.分割，分类viaprep.

经由，经过guaranteev.

保证，承诺transshipmentn.

转运，转船damagen.

损失，损害consignmentn.委托，运送之货物Dialogue2PartialShipmentandTransshipmentpartialshipment分批装运end-user最终用户inadvance提前Dialogue2PartialShipmentandTransshipmentNotes1．Itisinyourownintereststhatweputforwardsuchaproposal.

我们提出这一建议正是为了您的利益。Dialogue2PartialShipmentandTransshipment2．Ifpartialshipmentisallowed,insteadofwaitingforthewholelottogetready,wecanshipwhateverisreadytomeettheurgentneedofyourend-users.

如果允许分批装运，我们就可以手头有多少货发多少货，满足贵方用户的急需，而不必等到全部货物备妥才发运。Dialogue2PartialShipmentandTransshipment3．Thiswillensuretheconsignmenttoreachyourportintimeforyourcustomers’needs.

这将确保货物及时到达贵方港口以应客户需要。Dialogue2PartialShipmentandTransshipment

Tips：1.Onexamination,15caseswerefoundtobebadlydamaged.2．Wehavetoclaimonyoufor...3．Weregretbeingunabletoacceptyourclaimbecausethecasewereinperfectconditionwhenthegoodswereloaded.4．Accordingtothesurveyor’sreport,thedamageiscausedbyimproper...Dialogue2PartialShipmentandTransshipment5．Weshalltrytomakeupthelossyousustained.6．Themistakeisonourside.We’llarrangetosendyoureplacementatonceandwe’vealsopreparedtomeetyourclaim.7.We’vealreadytoldyouthatthisisacaseofForceMajeure.It’sexemptfromclaim.8.Wehopealldisputescanbesettledbynegotiation.Exercise配送中心是一个把完成物资配送作为其主要功能的物流结点。Distributioncentreisalogisticslinktofulfillphysicaldistributionasitsmainfunction.航空运输具有速度上的优势。Airtransporthastheadvantageofspeed.Exercise运输是指货物在不同地点之间的物理性移动。Transportationreferstothephysicalmovementofgoodsfromonepointtoanotherpoint.随着国际贸易的快速发展，运输设施得到了大大改善以满足日益增长的需求。Withtherapiddevelopmentofinternationaltrade,transportationfacilitieshavegreatlyimprovedtomeetthedemand.ExerciseCaseStudy1:海运是最常见的运输方式Tom:早上好，比尔。我在把我的货物运送到国外的问题上遇到了麻烦，这是我第一次跨国交易。你能告诉我，我该怎么做才能使得我的利润最高吗？Bill：不要着急。刚开始你可以考虑运输方式，然后就试着找一个好的运输公司或者货运代理。Tom：当然，我们正在考虑这个。但是哪种运输是最好的呢？Bill：总的来说，海运是最常见的。在中国和大多数外国国家，如果你的货物很多而且目的地很远的话，这是所有运输中最便宜的。Tom：哦，这就是为什么很多公司选择海运作为他们货物的传送方式了。ExerciseBill：是啊，但是海运的程序很麻烦，所以很多的公司选择不亲自去谈细节，而是拜托给代理商。Tom：你能为我分析一下其他运输方式吗？Bill：火车通常用来运输量大、低价值的、长距离的产品。卡车可以停在一个城市的任何地方并且交付的货物可直接进入市场。一旦装车完成可立即出发。Tom：空运呢？Bill：空运是最快的，但是有些贵。但是把速度考虑进去，它会很有效。食品和一些紧急物资通常被选择用飞机运输。Tom：谢谢你，你提醒我很多东西。ExerciseCaseStudy2:配送中心与仓库的区别Jack:早上好，Tom。我有件事情想请教您，可以吗？Tom：当然可以。Jack：仓库和配送中心的区别是什么？Tom：与仓库不同的，配送中心强调的是货物的运输而非长期的储存。它是一个短期的存储中心，接近主要市场，为订单的快捷处理和向客户送货提供方便。Jack：我知道仓库通过接收、存储、运输和分拣四个环节来处理大部分物品。那么配送中心呢？Tom：配送中心通过接收和运输两个环节来