大学四级英语完型填空PPT

四级完型填空题的解题

方法与技巧

全力以赴，以态度改变人生；永不言败，以执着成就未来。

新四级由四大部分构成阅读理解时间40分钟，分为两个部分：仔细阅读理解时间25分钟，占25%，含两个小部分(篇章阅读理解包括2篇文章10道多项选择题；篇章词汇理解或短句问答是一篇文章，考法是15选10的选词填空或简答)；快速阅读理解时间15分钟，占10%，包括是非判断7题及句子填空或其它3题。阅读理解占总分的35%，合计149分。完形填空或改错时间15分钟，1篇文章，20道多项选择题或改错，占总分的10%，合计70分。第二部分ClozeforCET-4

完形填空专项

——自信才能成功，而自信是建立在对事物深刻认识的基础之上的。一、完型填空题的设计填空(Cloze)又称综合填空，其命题原理是格式塔心理学。格式塔心理学强调整体感知，完形填空测试的就是考生结合上下文的语境(context)对英语的整体感知能力。一、完型填空题的设计设计者遵循一定的要求和准则，以保证测试的信度和效度。所给的空有规则的排列，大约在近250字的文章中每隔8－16字就有一个空格，而且是按照一定的间隔并根据语法或词汇测试的标准设计的。这些空格不仅测试应试者在词汇和句子水平上运用语言的能力，还测试应试者在语篇上综合运用语言结构的能力。一、完型填空题的设计从内容看，完型填空涉及说明文，议论文等众多文体体裁，而题裁更涉及到社会领域的方方面面，政治、经济、文化、教育、医学、天文、体育、科技等等。所以考生具备大量的背景知识也是格外重要的。二、完型填空题的做题步骤完形填空的测试点及解题方法从表面来看，就是要求考生把每个句子中删掉的词恢复出来。因此，要做好完形填空，必须要在通读全文、把握结构与大意的前提下，根据所提供的选项及句子的结构、语法、语篇等信息，通过逻辑推理、对比等手段最后确定答案。根据完形填空这一测试特点，一般采取以下五个步骤逐一进行。步骤一，通读全篇，把握总的思想，了解知识背景。步骤二，选择答案。步骤三，为不确定答案寻找线索。步骤四，回头补缺步骤五，核实答案。三、完型填空题的考察内容词汇第一、词义辨析（词）（单词的掌握，基本义）

例1That“somethingspecial”wasmen–creativeindividualswhocouldinventmachines,findnew75ofpower,andestablishbusinessorganizationstoreshapesociety.A)origins(由来,出身)B)sourcesC)bases D)discoveries第二、形近词辨异例1Speakingquicklybutalmostinawhisper,she75everyonethatthepilothadfaintedandaskedifanyofthepassengersknewanythingaboutmachinesoratleasthowtodriveacar.A)inquiredB)insuredC)informedD)instructed例2Following88,themanguidedtheplanetowardtheairfield.A)impressionB)informationC)inspectionsD)instructions例3Neveraskachildwhetherhelikesordislikesafoodandneverdiscusslikesanddislikesinfrontofhimorallow66elsetodoso.

［A］everybody［B］anybody

［C］somebody［D］nobody例4A.encourages(鼓励)B.enables（使能够）

C.enforces（强制）D.ensures（确保）例5A.attraction(吸引力)B.attention（注意力）

C.affection（爱情，亲密）D.motion（动作）例6(兼考搭配关系)A.interfered（in干涉）B.interrupted（打断，中断）

C.discouraged（from不鼓励做）

D.disturbed（打扰，干扰）例7A.desired(渴望，想得到)B.revised（修订，修正）

C.required（需要，要求）D.deserved（值得，应得）第三、词语搭配例1Themanhadtocircletheairportseveraltimesinordertobecome85withthecontrolsoftheplane.A)intimateB)familiarC)understoodD)close例2Didyoueverhavesomeone'snameonthetipofyourtongueandyetyouwereunabletorecallit?Whenthishappensagain,donottrytorecallit.Dosomething73foracoupleofminutesandthenamemaycomeintoyourhead.simpleB)apartC)elseD)similar例3Alandfreefromdestruction,pluswealth,naturalresources,andlaborsupply,allthesewereimportantfactorsinhelpingEnglandtobecomethecenterfortheIndustrialRevolution.Buttheywerenotenough.Something73wasneededtostarttheindustrialprocess.A)elseB)nearC)extra额外的，不包括其中的D)similar例4Takeit_69__grantedthathelikeseverythingandheprobablywill…A.withB.asC.overD.for例5Butthesevariousmeansofcommunicationdifferinimportantways__68__humanlanguage.A.aboutB.withC.fromD.in例6…thegreattit(山雀)isacase__77__point.

A.inB.atC.of

D.for语法：（句）第一、指代关系例1Theforeignresearchscholarusuallyisolates76inthelaboratoryasameansofprotection;However,whatheneedsistobefittedintoahighlyorganizeduniversitysystemquitedifferentfrom79athome.76.A)himselfB)oneselfC)himD)one79.A)thoseB)whichC)whatD)that例2Notwospeakersspeakinexactlythesameway.Wecanalwaysheardifferences74them,…74.A)betweenB)amongC)ofD)from例3Wecanchangeanutterancebyreplacingonewordinitwith__73__.A.oursB.theirsC.another

D.others例4Theyalsosuggestthatourreadersdonotcallforfriendsonlyamongthosewhoaremostlikethem,butfindmany__78__differinrace.78.A.peopleB.whoC.whatD.friends第二、虚拟语气例1Professorsdonothavethetimetoexplainhowauniversitylibraryworks;Theyexpectstudents,particularlygraduatestudents,tobeabletoexhaustthereferencesourcesinthelibrary.Professorswillhelpstudentswhoneedit,but84thattheirstudentsshouldnotbetoodependentonthem.84.A)hateB)dislikeC)likeD)prefer例2Ageographermightbedescribedasonewhoobserves,records,andexplainsthedifferencesbetweenplaces.Ifplaces87alike,therewouldbelittleneedforgeographers.87.A)beingB)areC)beD)were例3…but_63_youweretomovetheskinyouwouldnottellanythingabouttheracetowhichtheindividualbelonged.A.sinceB.ifC.asD.while第三、倒装

知识要点:倒装分完全倒装与部分倒装两种类型，重点是部分倒装，即只有系动词、助动词和情态动词参与的倒装。常见的倒装结构可以分为四大类：1、否定倒装。指否定副词或否定的副词性结构（hardly,seldom,scarcely,never,little,nowhere,notonce，undernocircumstances,innoway，nosooner[…than]）用于句首时所导致的倒装。如：Vitaminsdonotprovideenergy,__42__dotheyconstructorbuildanypartofthebody.A.eitherB.soC.norD.never

2、虚拟倒装。指在IF引导的虚拟条件句中，将IF省略，把should,had,were提至主语前，形成倒装。

e.g.WereIyou,I’llneverpromisetodothat.3、强调倒装。为突出强调某一成分而将它提至句首时，实行倒装：句子结构要求倒装：如：

a.so倒装句

b.以某些表示肯定的副词开头作状语：only,often，

then,soc.以某些表示否定的副词开头作状语；little,hardly,seldom,scarcely,never,nowhere,notonced.某些表示否定的副词短语开头作状语:undernocircumstances,innoway,nosooner…than,hardly/scarcely/barely…when/beforee.As作“虽然—但是”解时用半倒装。4、省略倒装。涉及词语包括so,neither,nor例

__70__doessizehaveanythingtodowithintelligence.A.OnlyB.OrC.NorD.So第四、从句和强调句型例1ThewordgeographycomesfromtwoGreekwords,ge,theGreekwordfor“earth”andgraphing,75means“towrite”.A)whatB)thatC)whichD)it例2…butabirdhasasinglealarmcry,_75_means“danger!”A.thisB.thatC.whichD.it例3Thesesecondaryroutesmaygoupsteepslopes,alonghighcliffs,ordownfrighteninghillsidestotownslyingindeepvalleys.Throughtheselessdirectroutes,longerandslower,theygenerallygotoplaces88theairiscleanandthescenery(风景)isbeautiful,…A)thereB)whenC)whichD)where

第三、语篇考查（篇）例1TheUnitedStatesiswell-knownforitsnetworkofmajorhighwaysdesignedtohelpadrivergetfromoneplacetoanotherintheshortestpossibletime.Althoughthesewidemodernroadsaregenerallysmoothandwellmaintained,with73sharpcurvesandmanystraightsections,adirectrouteisnotalwaysthemost__75___one.Largehighwaysoftenpass76scenicareasandinterestingsmalltowns.73.A)littleB)fewC)muchD)many75.A)terribleB)possibleC)enjoyableD)profitable76.A)toB)intoC)overD)by例2Whenresearchisassigned,theprofessorexpectsthestudenttotakeitactivelyandtocompleteitwith79guidance.Itisthestudent’sresponsibilitytofindbooks,magazines,andarticlesinthelibrary.Professorsdonothavethetimetoexplainhowauniversitylibraryworks;79.A)maximumB)minimumC)possibleD)practical四、完型填空题的相应对策针对出题者的考察内容，我们有以下相应的对策：第一种：词义与词形辨析四级完形考察词汇不外乎同义词、反义词、形近词，和词的精确用法。我们应该了解高频词的近义词、反义词，形近词和词汇的基本义。例如，

1)Geographerscompareandcontrast________placesintheworld.A.similarB.variousC.distantD.famous

2)Thefindings_______thatissuesoftrustandbetrayalarecentraltofriendship.A.secure(保护)B.assure（保证）

C.confirm（证实)D.resolve（决心，解决）3)Thebigshops,beautifullydecoratedandbrightlylit,stayopenlongafterdark.ShopownerslikeChristmasbecauseitisatimewhenpeople_______presents.A.changeB.exchange

C.transfer（转移）D.transform（转变）第二种：运用上下文逻辑关系填词。对上下文逻辑关系的考察是完形填空题区别于单纯句子理解的要点之一，也是处理语篇的重要特点。这就牵扯到有关语篇知识，这也是四级考察学生综合运用语言能力的题型之一。语篇结构，顾名思义，是指在一定的情景下，作者的谋篇布局、衔接连贯、提供信息等等。为了把文章很好的组织起来，作者除了在句子内部用指代（前指，后指）、省略、连接外，还会运用到一些句与句之间的连词来表达并列、转折、对比、列举、原因、结果、让步、补充等关系。下面我们给大家一些常考的连接词：

表示并列关系的：and,ontheonehand,ontheother,(也可表对比)表示转折关系的：however,nevertheless,still,though,yet,inspiteof,atanyrate,inanycase,etc.表示对比关系的：onthecontrary,incontrast,bycontrast,incomparison,bycomparison,conversely,etc.表示补充关系的：also,further,furthermore,likewise,similarly,moreover,inaddition,what’smore,not…but…,notonly…butalso…,etc.表示让步关系的：although,though,nomatter…,evenif,表示原因关系的：because,since,as,for,nowthat,consideringthat,seeingthat,inthat,inasmuchas,onaccountofthefactthat,forfearthat,onthegroundthat,etc.表示结果关系的：so,therefore,thus,hence,accordingly,consequently,asaresult,etc.表示列举关系的：first,second,third…,firstly,secondly…,next,inthefirstplace,foronething,tobeginwith,toconclude,etc.1)Therearefourtypesofblood.______typesarefoundineveryrace,andnotypesisdistincttoanyrace.A.AllB.MostC.NoD.Some(上下文)2)Theforeignresearchscholarusuallyisolateshimselfinthelaboratoryasameansofprotection;_________whathereallyneedsistobefittedintoahighlyorganizeduniversitysystem.A.otherwiseB.moreover

C.howeverD.also（逻辑关系）3)Earth’sanimalsaredisappearingfasterthantheyreproduce.Becausethereistoolittleresearchandtoomuchignorance,_________isawareofhowmuchwearelosing.A.anyoneB.noone

C.someoneD.eitherone4)Thisact(法案)wasformedtoprotectendangeredspecies.__________,landdevelopersandfactoryownersdisagree.A.HoweverB.FurthermoreC.ThereforeD.Though第三种：固定搭配1)Wejudgeraceusually_____thecoloringoftherace:awhiterace,abrownrace,ayellowraceandablackrace.A.inB.fromC.atD.on2)Unlikeothersocialrolesthatweareexpectedto___1____----ascitizens,employees,membersofprofessionalsocietiesand____2___organizations,ithasitsownprinciple.A.keepB.doC.showD.playA.allB.anyC.otherD.those第四种：结构识别…but,notonly…butalso…,some…others…,等词组结构和一些重要的句型结构。Thereisnodoubtthat…,so/such…that…,thesame…as…,itis…that…强调句型等等。Richasourcountryis,thequalitiesofourlivingarebynomeanssatisfactory.Theharderyouwork,themoreprogressyoumake.

1）Theyalsosuggestedthatourreadersdonotlookforfriendsonlyamongthosewhoaremostlikethem,______findmanywhodifferinrace.A.onlyB.andC.butD.then2）Let’slookatthisdefinitioninmoredetailbecauseitislanguage,morethananythingelse,__62__distinguishesmanfromtherestoftheanimalworld.A.thatB.itC.asD.what第五种：一些重点单词的特殊用法Professorsshould________repeatinginlecturesmaterialthatisinthetextbook.A.refuseB.prohibitC.preventD.avoidDespitethegrowingrateofdivorce,butcouplesarenowtakingadifferentapproach_______thoseweddingvows(誓言).

A.makingB.makeC.tomakingD.tomake第六种：语法大项。对语法的考察主要集中在定语从句、状语从句、非谓语动词、主谓一致、逻辑主语、宾语，句型句式等内容上。学生应加强对此类语法的复习。1）ThekingplacedwealthandpoweratWagner’sdisposalandmadepossiblethebuildingofaplace-----house,_______Wagner’sworkscouldbeperformed(表演).A.andB.becauseC.thereD.where2）Formallearningisde-contextualizedfromdailylifeandindeed,________ScibnerandColehaveobserved,mayactually“promotewaysoflearningandthinking”.A.likeB.asC.whatD.which五、完型填空的解题技巧技巧一：词汇手段（利用词汇复现）1、原词复现

例1：…butitisthesubconscious(下意识的)78thatgotoworktodigupadimmemory.…Meanwhile,deepermentalactivitiesinthesubconsciousmindaretakingplace.A)deedsB)activities

C)movementsD)procedures2、同根词复现

例1：Evenifagradeisnotgiven,thestudentis77forlearningthematerialassigned.…Itisthestudent’sresponsibilitytofindbooks,magazines,andarticlesinthelibrary.A)criticizedB)innocentC)responsibleD)dismissed例2：…IndiaorWestAfrica,wherethereisalong81ofspeakingEnglishforgeneralcommunicationpurposes,youshould…Ontheotherhand,ifyouliveinacountrywherethereisnotraditionaluseofEnglish，…A)customB)use

C)traditionD)habit例3：Thesefirmscompeteforsales.Theytrytolearnjustwhatthedemandwillbesothattheycansupplyexactlywhattheconsumerswant.______keepsthequalityofgoodsfromfallingverylow.A.NeedB.CompetitionC.DemandD.Consumer3、上下义或同义词复现例1：Boththevisitingprofessorandhisstudentslackbackgroundineachother’scultures.Some82ofwhatisalreadyinthemindsofAmericanstudentsisrequiredbytheforeignprofessor.A.conceptB.feelingC.planD.intelligence例2：Asaresult,thetriphadtobecanceled,andtheyreturnedhome______andunhappy.A.disappointedB.disappointedlyC.tiredD.tiredly4、解释型复现例1：Ournewhouseisvery________formeasIcangettotheofficeinfiveminutes.[A]adaptable [B]comfortable[C]convenient [D]available技巧二：同现词汇的同现关系指词汇共同出现的倾向性。在语篇中，围绕一定的话题，一定的词往往会同时出现，这些词语属于同一个词汇套，形成了词汇链，因此，每当我们遇到了其中的一个词语时，根据情境便会联想到词汇套中的其他词语。比如，提到教室一词，下面出现的词可能就是：blackboard,desk,students,chair,floor,lights,etc.例1：Mygrandmotherworkedhardallday,makingbutter,washingclothes,cleaningthehouse,andeven____inthefieldwhenhelpwasscarce.A.workedB.workingC.didD.doing例2：Forexample,therewasthetimeIcalledina_______tofixmyair-conditionerbeforeitwastoowarm.A.workerB.fixerC.repairmanD.painter例3：Iusuallyhavetheproblemofparentscominginandtellingmehowtheyreally_____theirkids.Theytellmetheystandoverthemwhentheydotheirhomework.Theychecktheirworkandmakeabigfussovertheirgrades.Theycriticizethekidsovereverythinghavingtodowithschool．

A.likeB.treatC.hateD.make技巧三：同性元素相斥

例:Itwasalightweight,18-poundcraft,carryingnotanimalsbutsensitiveinstrumentstostudytheintensebandsofenergyinspace____theVanAllenradiationbelts.A.calledasB.thatisC.namedasD.knownasWithinthenextfifteenyearsmanhadgonetothemoon,searchingbeneathits___anddustysoilforsignsoflife.A.wetB.dampC.moistD.dry

damp:指吸进或覆盖着一点水份，常表示潮湿得使人不舒服。moist:指微湿，侧重不干，但并非湿得使人不快。wet:普通用词，指各种潮湿的状态。技巧四：巧用图式

APelicanholdsmanyfishinits71.72maylasta73,buttheywon’tlastaweek.Apelicanisnearlyastallasyou,anditsbeakisaslongasyourarm.Alongskinsack,orpouch,handsdownfromitstremendousbeak,74itlookverydifferen