《中考宝典》2016广东省中考英语复习(语法考点)课件：句子种类及其考点(共38张PPT)

句子种类中考语法句子概述 句子按其使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句；句子按其结构又可分为简单句、并列句和主从复合句。考点分布1.句子种类（1）陈述句（肯定式和否定式）（2）疑问句（一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句）（3）祈使句（肯定式和否定式）（4）感叹句2.简单句的五种基本句型（1）主语＋系动词＋表语（2）主语＋不及物动词（3）主语＋及物动词＋宾语考点分布（4）主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语（5）主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾补（6）therebe句型3.并列句4.主从复合句（1）宾语从句（2）状语从句（3）定语从句考点梳理考点一简单句的五种基本类型及therebe句型句型例句1.主语＋不及物动词Thegirlisstudyinghard.2.主语＋系动词＋表语Heseemsverybusy.3.主语＋及物动词＋宾语ShesentanE-mailtoherfriendyesterday.4.主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语MymotherboughtmeaniPhone6.5.主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语Thenewsmadethemsurprised.6.Therebe结构Thereisariverbehindourschool.考点梳理【考点精练】()1.There________agreatconcertinthetheaternextSaturdayevening. A.willbe B.willhave C.has D.isgoingtohave()2.Myparents________about1000yuanformyschooleducationeachyear. A.spendB.takeC.cost D.pay()3.—Willyouplease________usastory,MissGreen?—OK,shallI________itinEnglishorinChinese? A.tell;speak B.talk;speak C.tell;say D.talk;say()4.Whatdidthemanager________youto_______atthemeeting. A.tell;say B.ask;speak C.tell;speak D.ask;talkADCA考点梳理考点二陈述句说明一个事实或陈述一种看法。陈述句包括肯定句和否定句句式结构例句肯定句略否定句1.否定谓语（常见）Idon’tthinkplayingtoomuchcomputergamesisgood.2.否定主语Nobodyknowswhyhedidn’tcometoschool.3.否定宾语Weknownothingaboutit.4.否定宾语补足语Ourteacheroftenusnottogiveupourdreams.5.否定状语MypenwaslostandIcouldfinditnowhere.考点梳理将以下句子变为否定句：5.Wedoeyeexerciseseveryday.We__________________eyeexerciseseveryday.6.Thereissomethingwrongwiththeradio.____________________wrongwiththeradio.7.Tomalwaysgoestobedattwelve.Tom___________________tobedattwelve.8.You’dbetterhelphimwithhismaths.You_____________________________helphimwithhismaths.【考点精练】定句变否定句口诀否定词语加not，放在be和have后；其它要加动词do，do的后面加not；

时间、人称由do变，动词原形总保留；谓语若是助词多，not紧跟第一个。don’tdo Nothingis nevergoes hadbetternot考点梳理考点三疑问句用来提出问题的句子。包括一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句问句类型解析例句一般疑问句以be动词、助动词或情态动词开头，用Yes或No来回答。Didyouhaveagoodtimeatschool?Canyoufinishyourworkontime?特殊疑问句陈述句语序—针对主语（或修饰语）提问Whosecarisunderthetree?特殊疑问词+一般疑问句语序HowdoyoustudyEnglish?选择疑问句一般疑问句+or+一般疑问句（省略结构）Wouldyoulikesometeaorcoffee?特殊疑问句，+A+B？Whichdoyouprefer,teaorcoffee?考点梳理问句类型解析例句反意疑问句结构：陈述句+简短的一般疑问句句式：前肯后否，前否后肯Hehastoleavenow,doesn’the?Hehasn’tbeenthere,hashe?句子含有no,never,hardly,few,nothing,nobody,seldom等否定词，后面用肯定Youhavenothingtotellme,doyou?Shehasfewmoneywithher,doesshe?当前部分为祈使句，后面用willyou;而当前面是Let’s开头，后面用shallwe。Openthedoor,willyou?Let’shavearest,shallwe?Therebe句型当中，后面句子主语用thereThereislittleintheglass,isthere?主从复合句以主句为主；但当主句是I/wethink/believe/suppose时要以从句为主Shethinksshecandance,doesn’tshe?Ithinkheiswrongthistime,isn’the?考点梳理()9.—HaveyoueverseentheTVshowWhereAreWeGoing,DAD?—______.Ithinkit’squitemovingandfunny. A.Yes,Ihave B.No,Ihaven’t C.Yes,hehas D.No,shehasn’t()10.—__________willthefogandhaze

(雾霾)last?—I’venoidea.Thereisnosignofanend. A.Howsoon B.Howfar C.Howlong D.HowoftenAA【考点精练】考点梳理()11.—_______doyougotoWeifangTheatre?—Onceamonth. A.Howsoon B.Howoften C.Howmuch D.Howlong()12.—_________areyougoingtotheSchoolUniformExhibition,Amy?—Tolearnaboutdifferentstylesofschooluniform. A.WhatB.WhereC.WhyD.WhichBC【考点精练】肯定句变一般疑问句口诀

have和be提句首，其它助词Do开头。时间、人称由do变，动词只把原形留。谓语助词有几个，第一助词提句首。考点梳理考点四祈使句

提出请求、建议或发出命令等。以动词原形开头（否定形式在前面加Don’t），常在句首或句末加上please。如：Sitdown,please.Don’ttalkinclass.()13.—SorryI’mlate.—______tellmethebusbrokedownagain! A.Neverto B.Not C.Don’t D.No()14.—It’slate,Teresa.______earliernexttimeandyou’llhaveenoughtimetohavebreakfast.—OK,MuniI’llremember. A.Getup B.Gettingup

C.TogetupD.GotupCA考点梳理考点五感叹句表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、赞美、厌恶或愤怒等情绪。类型解析例句以how引导How+形容词/副词+（主+谓）！Howcoldthedayis!Howquicklyheruns!以what引导What+形容词+名词复数/不可数名词+（主+谓）！Whatbeautifulflowers(theyare)!Whatbadweather(itis)!What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+（主+谓）！Whataninterestingstory(itis)!考点梳理()15._______weatheritistoday! A.Whathot B.Howhot C.Whatahot D.Howahot()16.—_________fantasticdocumentaryitis!—Doyoumeanthehotfilm“DiaoyuIsland—TheTruth”? A.How B.Howa C.What D.Whata()17._______honestmanheis! A.What B.Whatan C.How D.Howan()18.—_________braveZhangHuais!—Yes.Hehelpedhisneighbor,MrsSunoutofthefire. A.WhataB.HowC.HowaD.WhatAD【考点精练】BB考点梳理考点六并列句 包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子叫并列句，句与句之间通常用并列连词and,or,but,so,yet,for或分号来连接，并列句在用法上互不依从，意义上却有密切的关系。1.分句与分句之间的四种关系：（1）联合关系；如：I’mspeakingandyouarelisteningtome.（2）转折关系；如：IhelphimwithhisEnglisheveryday,butheisstillbadatit.（3）选择关系；如：Workharder,oryouwillfallbehindothers.（4）因果关系。如：Hegotuplatethismorning,sohewaslateforschool.考点梳理2.so+助动词+主语和so+主语+助动词so+助动词+主语这个结构主要用来说明前面所说的情况也适用于后面的人或物，意为“…也一样”。该结构中的助动词可以是：be动词，情态动词和助动词。如：HecanspeakEnglish,socanI.Sheis14yearsold,soamI.Istudyhard,sodothey.其否定结构为：neither/nor+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语。so+主语+助动词这个结构主要用于加强语气，意为“的确如此，确实如此”，表示后者赞同前者的话或意见，只是进一步强调并重复前句所述内容。前后句的主语指的是同一个人或物。如：—Hehasdoneagoodjob.—Sohehas.考点梳理()19.－IhavereadthebookSenseandSensibility.－________________.SohaveIB.NeitherhaveI C.SoIhaveD.SohasI()20.—Jackwenttoseethemanwhowasinhospitalyesterday.—__________. A.Sodidhe B.Sohedid C.Hedidso D.Didsohe()21.—WillyougotoPeter’spartythisSaturdayevening?—Ihaven’tdecidedyet.Ifyoudon’tgo,______.sowillI

B.neitherdoIC.neitherwillID.neitherIwill()22.—I’mnotgoingswimmingthisafternoon.—_______________.Ihavetohelpmymotherdosomecleaning. A.SoamI. B.SoIam. C.NeitheramI. D.NeitherIam.AB【考点精练】CC考点梳理考点七宾语从句宾语从句属于名词性从句，在句子中起名词作用，相当于一个名词词组，在全句中充当主语的宾语。要注意宾语从句的三要素，即：连接词、从句的时态和从句的语序。项别解析例句连接词原句是陈述句—that（可以省略）Lilysays(that)themaninblackisournewteacher.原句是一般疑问句—if/whetherDoyouknowifhewasborninChina?原句是特殊疑问句—特殊疑问词Theteachersaskswherehelives.从句的语序陈述句语序即：连接词+主语+谓语+其它Nobodyknows.Willitraintomorrow?—Nobodyknowsifitwillraintomorrow.考点梳理项别解析例句从句的时态主句为一般现在时从句任意时态Weallwanttoknowifshewillcometohelpus.主句为一般过去时从句一般过去时Ididn’tknowwhenhewouldcomebackthenextday.从句过去进行时Canyoutelluswhatyouweredoingyesterdaymorning?从句过去将来时Iaskedtheteacherwherethemeetingwouldhave.从句过去完成时Shesaidshehadmissedtheschoolbus.注意的问题1.从句如果表示客观真理、客观事实时，不管什么时候都用一般现在时。Theteachertoldusthattheearthgoesaroundthesun.2.宾语从句的否定转移。如果主句谓语动词是think,believe,suppose等,而从句的意思是否定的,这时主句的谓语动词用否定式,从句用肯定式。1.Idon’tthinkyouareright.我认为你不对。2.Idon’tbelieveshecanfinishthework,canshe?我认为她不能完成工作，能吗？考点梳理()23.—Canyoutellme_____________?—Yes,it’sonXinhuaStreet. A.howcanIgettothebookstore B.wherethebookstoreis C.whereisthebookstoreD.whatisthebookstore()24.—Wehavenoidea_____.—It’sheardthatheisMr.Green’sson. A.wherehecomesfromB.ifdoeshelivehere C.whoheis D.whoishe()25.—Dad,canyoutellme_______totheamusementpark?—Thedayaftertomorrow.A.whenwearegoingB.whenwewentC.whenarewegoingD.whendidwegoBC【考点精练】A考点梳理()26.Theteacheraskedthestudents_____________. A.whytheearthwentaroundthesun B.whydoestheearthgoaroundthesun C.whytheearthgoesaroundthesunC【考点精练】

宾语从句用法口诀

宾语从句须注意，几点事项应牢记。一是关键引导词，不同句子词相异。

陈述句子用that；一般疑问是否（if，whether）替；特殊问句更好办，引导还用疑问词。

二是时态常变化，主句不同从句异。主句若为现在时，从句时态应看意。主句若为过去时，从句时态向前移。三是语序要记清，从句永保陈述序。考点梳理考点八定语从句在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。如：1.IlikemusicthatIcandanceto.(music是先行词，that是关系代词)2.HeisthemanwhoImetyesterday.(man是先行词，who是关系代词)定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句放在先行词后面。引导定语从句的词有关系代词that,which,who,which,whose和关系副词where,when,why,关系代词和关系副词是引导词，在定语从句中有三个作用：1.连接主从句；2.指代先行词；3.在从句中充当某一成分。用法见下表：考点梳理关系词用法例句that既可以指人，又可以指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可以省略Rosalikesmusicthatisquietandgentle.IlikemusicthatIcansingalongwith.which指物，在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略Thebuildingwhichstandsneartheroadisourschool.Musicisthesubjectwhichheteachesus.who指人，常在从句中作主语Thegirlwhoworksintheofficeishissister.whom也指人，在从句中作宾语，常省略Thegirlwhomyoumethereismydaughter.whose通常既指人也指物，在从句中通常作定语ThewatchwhosestrapisbrokenisTom’s.when指时间，在从句中通常作时间状语IwillneverforgetthedayswhenIworkedintheschool.where指地点，在从句中通常作地点状语Thatisthehousewhereheusedtolive.考点梳理注意：下列情况下关系代词只用that1.当先行词是不定代词all,little,few,much,none,anything,nothing,everything等时。IhavesaidallthatIwanttosay.2.当先行词被最高级、序数词以及thevery,theonly修饰时。如：ThisisthefirstplaythatIhaveseensinceIcamehere.ThisistheverybookthatIwanttobuy.3.当先行词被all,little,much,some,any,no,every等词修饰时。如：Thereislittleworkthatyoucando.4.先行词既包括人，也包括物。如：Theyalwaysliketotalkaboutthemanandthethingsthattheyseeontheroad.5.当主句是以which或who开头的特殊疑问句时。如：Whoisthemanthatopenedupthelab.考点梳理()27.—WhereistheSchoolEnglishSpeechContestgoingtobeheldtonight?—I’mnotsure.Isitinthehall________canhold300people? A.whereB.whatC.thatD.when()28.—HaveyouseenthedocumentarynamedABiteofChina《舌尖上的中国》?—Yeah!It’s

the

mostfunny

one

______

I

have

ever

seen. A.that B.what C.which

D.where()29.AfterMandelawasfree(自由的)in1990,hechosetoshakehandswiththepeople________wantedtokillhim. A.whose B.which C./ D.whoCA【考点精练】D考点梳理()30.Iwillneverforgettheday____wespentintheoldtownwithsmallhouses. A.whoB.whomC.that D.whatC【考点精练】考点梳理考点九状语从句状语从句在复合句中作状语，修饰动词、形容词或副词等。状语从句可以表示时间、条件、原因、地点、目的、结果、让步、方式、比较等意义。各类状语从句连接词（短语）一览表：时间状语从句when,while,as,assoonas,since,until,after,before条件状语从句if,unless原因状语从句as,because,since地点状语从句where目的状语从句sothat,inorderthat结果状语从句sothat,so…that,such…that让步状语从句though,although,evenif,however方式状语从句as比较状语从句than,(not)as…as考点梳理()31.－Henry,pleasecallusassoonasyou________Hawaii.－OK.I’lldothat,Mom. A.arrivein B.arearrivingin C.willarriveatD.arriveat()32.Amywasreadingabook_________Icamein. A.when B.while C.because D.thoughAA【考点精练】1.时间状语从句Iwasdoingmyhomeworkwhenmymothercameback.=WhileIwasdoingmyhomework,mymothercameback.考点梳理2.条件状语从句Youwillfallbehindyourclassmatesunlessyouworkharder.=Youwillfallbehindyourclassmatesifyoudon’tworkharder.注意：在时间状语从句（since除外）和条件状语从句中，从句常用一般现在时表将来，即：主将从现考点梳理()33.—IwanttoknowifMaria_________usinthefashionshowtonight. —Ibelieveifshe________herhomework,shewilljoinus. A.joins;finishes B.willjoin;finishes C.joins;willfinish D.willjoin;willjoin()34.________youreadit,youcan’timaginehowmovingthestoryis. A.Unless B.Because C.AlthoughD.IfAB【考点精练】考点梳理3.原因状语从句Sincewelivenearthesea,weenjoyniceweather.由于我们住在海边，能享受到好的天气。()35.Tonyneverspendsmoneyinbuyingbooks_______hedoesn’tlikereading. A.but B.because C.though D.until()36._______therearetoomanypeoplehere,_______wehavetofindanotherhouse. A.Because;so B.Though;but C.Since;/ D./;ifBC【考点精练】考点梳理4.地点状语从句Putitwherewecanallseeit.把它放在我们都能看到的位置。5.目的状语从句Finishthissothatyoucanstartanother.把这个做完，你可以开始另一个。()37.—Susan,whataretheadvantagesofMP5players?—Mum,theyaresmallerandlighter_______theycanbecarriedveryeasily. A.unless B.if C.until D.sothatD【考点精练】考点梳理6.结果状语从句Hewas