Translation英语专业翻译课程练习

E-CTranslationLecturer:GuTao

Chapter1Introduction

1.Self-introductiongutao32@2.Abriefintroductiontotranslation1.Howmuchdoyouknowabouttranslation?Canyoulistyourfavoritetranslationworksortranslator?2.whatisthefunctionoftranslation?3.GeneralTeachingPlan

1.

Purposes:tohelpstudentshaveanbasicunderstandingsontranslation;becapableofusingthebasictranslatingskillstodoE-CandC-Etranslationofaveragedifficulty;andimprovetheirappreciationonEnglishaswellasdeepentheircomprehensiononbothChineseandEnglish.2.

Methods:thecombinationofappropriatetheoriesandlotsofpractices3.workinglanguage:EnglishmixedwithChinese4.Myrequirementforstudents1.workhard2.finishmyhomework3.attendtheclassandanswerquestionsactively.5.Examandfinalscores:A.overallattendanceoftheclass5%B.answeringquestions10%C.homework15%D.examination70%6.yourrequirementandsuggestionforme

4.examples1.

Theynoticedabeautiful,slim,talkativeoldman.2.

threepassions,simplebutoverwhelminglystrong,havegovernedmylife:thelongingforlove,thesearchforknowledge,andtheunbearablepityforthesufferingofmankind.3.

Zhang,surely,isguiltyofonecrime:shestealsthefilm.“Sheallowstheaudiencetopourthemselvesintoherimagination,”Leesays,“itisnotreallyherinthemovie,it’syou.That’sbeyondacting.It’scinematiccharisma.”4.Indeed,hewasoneinwhomtheancientRomanhonormoreappearedthaninanythatdrewbreathinItaly.5.Willyoutakeadvantageofaman’snaturetodohimoutofthepriceofhisowndaughterwhathasbroughtupandfedandclothedbythesweatofhisbrowuntilshe’sgrowedbigenoughtobeinterestingtoyoutwogentlemen?您两位不致因为我这人脾气好就想骗我，乘机贬低我女儿的身价吧?她现在倒是长大成人了，您两位也对她感兴趣了，可是，我当初为了把她拉扯大，给她吃,给她穿,不晓得流了多少血汗啊!ReferenceBooks马祖毅：1998，《中国翻译简史》，北京：中国对外翻译出版公司潭栽喜，2000，《西方翻译简史》，北京：商务印书馆Nida.E.A.1997.Language,CultureandTranslating.Shanghai:ShanghaiForeignLanguageEducationPress刘宓庆，1998，《文体与翻译》，北京：中国对外翻译出版公司梅德明，2001，《高级口译教程》，上海：上海外语教育出版社杜承南，文军，1994，《中国当代翻译百论》，重庆：重庆大学出版社冯庆华，1997，《实用翻译教程》，上海：上海外语教育出版钟述孔，1996，《英汉翻译手册》，北京：世界知识出版社范仲英，1994，《实用翻译教程》，北京：外语教学与研究出版社陈定安，1998，《英汉比较与翻译》，北京：中国对外翻译出版公司钱歌川，《翻译的技巧》梅德明，2001，《高级口译教程》，上海：上海外语教育出版社Chapter2TheHistoryofTranslationPartone.ThehistoryofChinesetranslation

(reference:《中国翻译简史》)

1.PeriodOne(fromZhouDynastytoEasternHanDynasty)

Zhou:象胥，舌人越人歌：山有枝兮，枝有木，心悦君兮，君不知．

Qin:典客

WesternHan:典客

EasternHan:TranslationofBuddhistscripts

佛经翻译2.PeriodTwo(HanDynastySongDynasty)2.1TranslationofBuddhistscript

theintroductionofitintoChina

2.1.1periodone(148AD316AD)安世高，西域安息人，＜义理明晰，文字允正，辩而不华，质而不野＞支娄迦慊，西域月支人，支谦2.1.2PeriodTwo(317AD617AD)Thechaos

situationofChinathattime释道安(314-385AD)“五失本，三不易”鸠摩罗什(350-409AD)翻译经文４００多卷

2.1.3PeriodThree(618-917AD)TheclimaxofBuddhistscripttranslationThecharacteristicsofthisperiodSomefamousfigures:玄奘（600-664AD）2.1.4PeriodFour(954—1111AD)2.1.5Theinfluenceofit2.2Translationonotherfields2.2.1translationofforeignaffairs2.2.2translationoffolksongs2.2.3translationofscienceandtechnology2.2.4translationofotherreligions3.PeriodThree(YuanDynasty)4.PeriodFour(MingOpiumWar)4.1earlyMing:四夷馆4.2lateMingtoearlyQingsomefamousfigures:

利马窦，汤若望，李之藻，徐光启《几何原本》5.PeriodFive(Opiumwar—MayfourthMovement)5.1林则徐

5.2总理衙门

5.3同文馆

5.4维新派：严复，梁启超

5.5林纾严复一个人所译的<天演论>,<原富>,<法意>,<名学>几部书,实在要比一大批帝国主义与洋务官僚们三十年间所出的全部作品和书籍,更能响应着时代的要求,更能满足这个时代的热望.6.Periodsix(afterMayFourthMovement)someimportantfigures:周氏兄弟.林语堂,梁实秋,朱生豪,傅雷,杨宪益等

Chapter3BasicTheoriesonTranslation

1.

Thenatureandscopeoftranslation1.1Whatistranslation?1.

DefinitionsTranslationmaybedefinedas“thereplacementoftextualmaterialinonelanguage(SL)byequivalenttextualmaterialinanotherlanguage(TL)”SL—SourceLanguageTLTargetLanguage2.Nidasays,“Translationconsistsinthereproductioninthereceptorlanguageofthemessageofthesourcelanguageinsuchawaythatthereceptorsinreceptorlanguagemaybeabletounderstandadequatelyhowtheoriginalreceptorsofthesourcelanguageunderstoodtheoriginalmessage”3.翻译是按社会认知需要、在具有不同规则的符号系统之间所作的信息传递过程。”(方梦之,1999)4.“翻译是语言活动的一个重要组成部分，是指把一种语言或语言变体的内容变为另一种语言或语言变体的过程或结果，或者说把用一种语言材料构成的文体用准确而完整地再现出来。”（穆雷，方梦之,1997）5.“翻译是译者将这一种语言文字所蕴含的意思用另一种语言文字表达出来的文化活动。”（王克非1997）2.

Thenatureoftranslation:ascienceoranart;across-linguistic,cross-culturalandcross-socialactivity.3..Translatingtechniques:freetranslation/literaltranslation;4.Theprocedureoftranslation

thecomprehensionoftheST,thetransferofmeaningandtheexpressionSOURCELANGUAGERECEPTORLANGUAGETextText

AnalysisRestructuringTransfer5.Thestandardorcriteriaoftranslation

1.

严复：“信，达，雅”faithfulness,expressiveness,elegance2.

鲁迅：“易解，保存原作的风姿”，3.钱锺书：“化境”4.刘重德：“信，达，切”

5.

Tytler:1.

Atranslationshouldgiveacompletetranscriptoftheideasoftheoriginalwork.2.

Thestyleandmannerofwritingshouldbeofthesamecharacterasthatoftheoriginal.3.Atranslationshouldhavealltheeaseoftheoriginalcomposition.6.

忠实，通顺6．Therequirementforagoodtranslator.1.2.Thepossibilityandlimitoftranslationpossibility—thecommonnessofcultureslimit—theindividualityofculturesCulture:itisthetotalityofthespiritual,intellectual,andartisticattitudessharedbyagroup,includingitstradition,habits,socialcustoms,morals,lawsandsocialrelations,sociologically,everysociety,oneverylevel,hasitsculture,thetermhasnoimplicationofhighdevelopments.Materialculture—systemculture—psychologicalcultureExamples:a.阴阳:

thedoctrineofYinandYangb.他只会马走日，象走田。HeonlyknowsthebasicmovesoftheChinesechess.c.我姓张，弓长张。

MyfamilynameisZhang.1.3Thecreativenessandhypotaxisoftranslation.Studiesservefordelight,forornament,andforability.译文1.读书能给人乐趣，文雅和能力。译文2.读书可以怡情养性，可以樜拾文采，可以增长才干。译文3.读书足以怡情，足以博采，足以长才。

--OfStudies1.4Therelationshipbetweentranslationandotherdisciplines.

2.Therelationshipsamongculture,languageandtranslation3.

ContrastivestudiesbetweenChineseandwesternculturesandlanguages3.1Contrastivestudiesofcultures3.1.1.thenatureoftwoculturesChineseculture:（humanculture）Origin:thoughtsofConfucius,Menciusandothers,Foundation:moralityandarts中国哲学主张“天人合一”，“物我交融”，所以中国文化求全，求圆满，求和谐，重个人感受和心领神会，重心理时空和时间顺序。Westernculture:(scienceculture)Origin:ancientHellenism,BibleandShakespeare’sworksFoundation:science,lawandreligion西方哲学主张“人物分立”，重形式论证，崇尚个体思维，并认为整体只有在个体对立中才能存在。3.1.2.

Thepresentationofculturesonthoughtsa.

Chinesepeoplefocusonartsandintuitionwhilewesternonesonscienceandlogicb.Chinesepeopleemphasizeonthewholewhereaswesternontheindividualc.Chineseusesidiomsoffourcharactersfrequentlyd.Chineseattachesimportancetoparataxis;Englishhypotaxis.3.2ContrastivestudiesofEnglishandChinese

(fordetails,referto《汉英翻译教程》，《英汉比较与翻译》)1.Family:Chinese:Sino-TibetanoneEnglish:Indo-Europeanone2.Type:Chinese:analytic—noinflection,notense,wordorderEnglish:synthetic—analytic,withinflection3.

Writingsystem:Chinese:ideographicEnglish:alphabetic4.

Phonetics:Chinese:toneoneVC,V,CV,VC,CVCEnglish:Intonationone,stressedsyllables.5.Words:

a.thecontrastivestudiesofpartsofspeech.b.wordordersc.wordmeanings.6.

Sentence:

Chineseone:likeabamboowithlotsuseofverbsandnounsEnglishone:likegrapeswithlotsuseofpronounsandprepositions.Chapter4TranslatingSkills-DictionTermtranslationAA制安居工程按揭贷款按劳分配暗恋白马王子白手起家白条拜年傍大款Dutchtreatment,goDutchHousingProjectforlow-incomefamiliesMortgageloandistributionaccordingtoone’sperformanceunrequitedlove,fallinlovewithsomeonesecretlyprincecharmingstartingfromscratchIOUnotepaynewyear’scallfindasugardaddy,beamistressofarichman,leanonamoneybag.Chapter4TranslatingSkills—Diction1.

Anintroductiontotranslatingskillsonhowtotranslatewords,sentencesanddiscourses.2.

Diction2.1Stepsofdiction:fromunderstandingtoexpressionEachwordwhenusedinanewcontextisanewword.By“Diction”wemeanproper“Choiceofwords”intranslationonthebasesofaccuratecomprehensionoftheoriginal.编戏有如缝衣，其初则以完全者剪碎，其后又以剪碎者凑成。剪碎易，凑成难，凑成之功，全在针线紧密；一节偶疏，全篇之破绽出矣。--李渔《闲情偶寄》Thedifferencebetweentherightwordandthealmostrightwordisthedifferencebetweenlightningandthelightningbug.2.2Howtounderstandaccuratelyandfindtheproperwordtotranslate.(goodknowledgeonbothlanguage,carefulattitude).2.3Translatingexercisesondiction.2.3.1Dictionofphrases1.Tooclearly,itisatopicweshalldonojusticetointhisplace2.

Manyvolumes,ratherthanpages,wouldberequiredtodojusticetothestatesmen,soldiers,philosophers,poets,historians,andotherfamousmenoftheSungDynasty.3.HeralternationsofmoodwerethedespairandjoyofEthanFrome.4.Theyrepresentedaworthyperformance.2.3.2Dictioninsentences1.Scientificexploration,thesearchforknowledgehasgivenmanthepracticalresultsofbeingabletoshieldhimselffromthecalamitiesofnatureandthecalamitiesimposedbyotherman.2.Wheretheysawwithsurpriseanddelightoneofthethreeferryboatsmadefastonthesouthbankoftheriver!3.Yet,asitsometimeshappensthatpersondepartshislife,whoisreallydeservingofallthepraisesthestone-cuttercarvedovertheirbones.4.

ThereverberationsoffightingbetweentheforcesofIndiaandPakistanarereachingusinincreasingvolume5.Hehadleftanoteofwelcomeforme,assunnyashisface2.3.3Dictioninfixedusages.1.

Theschoolofair2.

Moodmusic3.

LasteveningIwenttoadoheldbyourChinastudygroup4.

TheseeofSydney5.Theywantedustohavetea,butwesaidwe’djusthadit.ThenMissFordwantedustohaveteaandcake.6.Sevenmothstheyspenduptherekillingthemselvesinthecaneseason,‘ndthentheycomedownheretolivealittle.7.

He’sunhappynow,becausehehadabluewithhisfriendjustnow.8.

That’satallstoryaboutthetown’shighstreet.9.Shetoldmethather18-year-oldsonwasthebaby.10.Hermotherisasisterinahospital.2.3.4Dictioninproperphrases.1.

Times/Time2.

AdmittanceFree3.

NoAdmittanceExceptonBusiness4.

VisitorsDeclined5.

OutofBounds6.

Roadup,Detour7.

Blocks8.

SeetotheFire9.

HandlewithCare10.

Round-the–clockBusiness11.WorkmenAhead.2.4Dictionindifferenttypesofwritingandstyles.

1.burnthehouseandburnadisk2.delicateskin3.delicateporcelain4.delicateupbringing5.delicateliving6.delicatehealth7.delicatestomach8.delicatevase9.delicatediplomaticproblem10.delicatesurgicaloperation11.delicateearformusic12.delicatesenseofsmell13.delicatetouch14.delicatefoodChapter4Conversion北京奥申委笨鸟先飞蹦迪闭关政策闭卷考试毕业生分配制度边际效益边缘科学边远地区不打不成交Beijing2008OlympicGamesBiddingCommittee(BOBICO)Aslowsparrowshouldmakeanearlystartdiscodancingclosed-doorpolicyclosed-bookexamassignmentsystemforgraduatesmarginalbenefitborderline(boundary)science;fringe(border)disciplineremoteandborderareas"Nodiscord,noconcordChapter4Conversion

1.

Theoreticalbaseofconversion

1.1.

GooverthefeaturesofEnglishandChinese1.2.

Reasonsforconversion:NounsandverbsaremorefrequentlyusedinChinesewhereaspronounsandprepositionsaremoreoftenusedinEnglish.2Translatingpractice.

2.1Conversionintoverbs1.

Familiesupstairshavetocarrypailstothehydrantdownstairsforwater.2.

Thegrowingawarenessbymillionsofpeopleoftheirintolerableconditionsoflifehadpromptedthemtorelinquishthepresentsocialsystem.3.TherearestoriestooofearlyAfricanvoyagestoAmerica.4.

Hisdrawingofchildrenisexceptionallygood.5.

O.Henryisthecreatorofanewshortstorygenreinliterature.6.Publicopinionwasagainsttheproposal.2.2.

Conversionintonouns1.Suchmaterialsarecharacterizedbygoodinsulationandhighresistancetowear.2.Wemustworkincooperationtonarrowthegapbetweentherichandthepoor,thedevelopedandthedeveloping.3.

Theresultofthisexperimentismuchbetterthanthoseofpreviousones.4.Awell-dressedman,wholookedandtalkedlikeanAmerican,gotintothecar.2.3

Others1.

Thepallorofherfaceindicatedclearlyhowshewasfeelingatthemoment.2.

Independentthinkingisanabsolutenecessityinstudy.3.

Ihavethehonortoinformyouthatyourrequestisgranted.4.Ittookalongpresidentialdrivetogetthemtalkagain.3.

Exercise1.Whenhemightwellhaveactedwithboldness,hefoundhimselffilledwithdoubts,scruplesandequivocations,inadditiontotheordinaryfearsofalover.2.ManforthefieldandwomanforthehearthManfortheswordandfortheneedlesheManwiththeheadandwomanwiththeheart.Mantocommandandwomantoobey.Chapter6AmplificationTermTranslation计划/商品/市场经济经济特区提高经济效益经济繁荣(起飞)经济萧条/衰退/滑坡/危机经济制裁经济预算财政赤字扭亏为盈贸易顺(逆)差Planned/commodity/marketeconomySpecialEconomicZoneImproveeconomicefficiency/resultEconomicboom/take-offEconomicdepression/recession/slide/crisisEconomicsanctionBudgetFinancialdeficitToturnformlosstobenefitFavorable/unfavorabletradebalanceActive/adverseoneChapter6

Translatingskill-Amplification1.Reasonsandpurposesfortheuseofamplification2.

Onwhichconditionsshoulditbeused:1.forgrammar2.formeaning3.forrhetoric3.

Translatingpractice3.1Forgrammarreasons:tense,plurality,omissionandsoon1.

Theyareleadingahappylife.2.

Insecretwemet;InsilenceIgrieve3.Thelionisthekingofanimals.4.Themountainsbegantothrowtheirlongblueshadowsoverthevalley.5.Wewon’tretreat,weneverhaveandneverwill.6.Historiesmakesmenwise;poetswitty;themathematicsubtle;naturalphilosophydeep;moralgrave’logicandrhetoricabletocontent.7.Readingmakethafullman;conferenceareadyman;andwritinganexactman.3.1Forgrammaticalreasons:toaddsomepartsofspeecha.Measureword1.

alimitedview;anoldpalace;agoodintention;abaddream2.OnceuponatimetherewasanoldkingwhosenamewasLear.3.

Aredsunroseslowlyfromthecalmsea.4.Acrescentmoonemergedfromtheclouds.apieceofwood;apieceofcoal;apieceofclothing;apieceoffurniture;apieceofnews;apieceofadvice;apieceofinformation;apieceofpoetry;apieceofmusic;apieceofprose;apieceofgoodluck;apieceofkindness;apieceoffolly;apieceofchalk.b.others:verbs,adverbs,adjectivesandsoon1.Rostowwasabouttobecome,forlackofanyoneoranythingbetter,averyinfluentialintellectual-thewrongmanatthewrongplacewiththewrongidea.2.Inthefilmsofthosedays,alltoooftenitwasthesameone:boytractordrivermeetsgirltractor;theyfallinloveanddrivetractorstogether.3.ThenLieutenantBrublaunchedintotheoldrecruitingroutine,“see,saveandserve!Freetourtoalltheportsintheworld.Afineshipforahome.Threemealsadaywithoutcharge…youmustn’tletsuchagoldenopportunityslipby.”4.Heallowedthefathertobeoverruledbythejudge,anddeclaredhisownsonguilty.3.3Formeaningsa.expressions1.idioms:tocarrycoalstoNewcastleNoah’sArkTrojanhorseTowerofivoryThetowerofBabel2.FromabstractnounstoconcreteonesPreparation,backwardness,tension,madnessb.sentences1.Sciencedemandsofmengreateffortandcompletedevotion.2.wehavealsoadmiredyourexceptionalintellectualqualities,yourexperienceandyourkindness.3.Andneitherworldthoughttheotherworld’sthought,savewithvagueunrest.4.shewasmoreroyalthantheroyal.5.

InplaceslikeMadumbi,timeseemsmoreofathiefandenemythanincrowdedcitiesorevenincircleswherethemonthsarefritteredawayinuselessleisure.三、为了修辞上的需要1.Poorlittletenderheart!Andsoitgoesonhopingandbeating,andlongingandtrusting可怜这温柔的小姑娘，一颗心抖簌簌的跳个不停，她左盼右盼，一直想念情人，对他深信不疑.2.Asia’sstrengthofeconomicmanagement,however,hasnotbeenitsperfection,butitspragmatismandflexibility.亚洲经济管理向来不以完美见长,而是以务实和弹性取胜.3.Theirhostcarved,poured,served,cutbread,talked,laughed,proposedhealths.他们的主人,（又是）割啊，（又是）倒啊，（又是）上菜啊，（又是）切面包啊，（又是）说啊，（又是）笑啊，（又是）敬酒啊，忙个不停。（增加语气助词和概括词语）4.Anepisodeofhumororkindnesstouchesandamuseshimhereandthere.他不时会碰到一两件事,或是幽默得逗人发笑,或是显得人心忠厚的一面,使人感动。

5.Andherthoughtfulness!Ifthenightwasanywaycoldorwetorwindytherewassuretobealittletumblerofpunchreadyforhim.她多体贴啊！要是哪天夜里较阴冷、潮湿、或是刮风，她必定要斟好一杯混合甜饮料，等着他来畅饮。6.George,I'mashamedofyou!George,Icouldn’thavebelievedyouwouldhavedoneit!Ialwaysnewyoutobearollingstonethatgatherednomoss;butIneverthoughtyouwouldhavetakenawaywhatlittlemosstherewasforBagnetandthechildrentolieupon.”saidMrs.Bagnet.乔治,我真替你害臊.想不到你会干出这种事来.俗话说的好:滚着的咕噜不长苔,流浪的汉子不攒财.我早就晓得你是这么一个流浪汉,可真没想到你连贝格太太和孩子们靠它养活的的那一点钱也骗了.Chapter6RepetitionPhrases搬迁户:半拉子工程包干到户包工包料:保持国民经济发展的良好势头:保健食品保值储蓄:本本主义:本命年:本小康:relocatedfamily

uncompletedprojectworkcontracttohouseholdscontractforlaborandmaterials

maintainagoodmomentumofgrowthinthenationaleconomyhealth-carefoodinflation-proofbanksavings

bookishness

one’syearofbirthconsideredinrelationtothe12TerrestrialBranchesstriveforarelativelycomfortablelife1.

Thepurposesofrepetition2.

Contrastivestudiesofitintwolanguages2.1

RepetitionisavoidedinalargedegreeinEnglishPronouns,synonyms,substitutionsandsomesentencepatternsareusedtoavoidrepetition.1.ImetJohnonthestreetyesterday.Hewaswalkingbesidehissister.Theyweregoingtoseeafilm2.wander,stroll,ramble,roam,meander,lounge,promenade3.

one,ones,that,those,it,such,likewise,thesame,so…4.DoyoulikeEnglish?Yes,Ido.2.2

RepetitionisanobviousfeatureinChinese.1.

phrases:郁郁葱葱，软绵绵，轻飘飘，甜丝丝，马马乎乎，兢兢业业，2.

sentences:1.连锁句：有什么吃什么，有米饭吃米饭，有馒头吃馒头2.疑问句：他去呢？还是我去呢？3.长句：他这样教发音简直是误人子弟，误人还误得不浅。4.修辞：这种作风，拿了律己，则害了自己；拿了教人，则害了别人。3.

Thetranslationofrepetition3.1

keeptherepetitionintheST1.Whatwewant,firstandforemost,istolearn,tolearnandtolearn.2.Hewanderedaboutinthechillrain,thinkingandthinking,broodingandbrooding3.Firstcome,firstserved.4.outofsight,outofmind.3.2

use