中考英语二轮专题复习 阅读理解 科普环保类二（含答案）

…………○…………外…………○…………装…………○…………外…………○…………装…………○…………订…………○…………线…………○…………※※请※※不※※要※※在※※装※※订※※线※※内※※答※※题※※…………○…………内…………○…………装…………○…………订…………○…………线…………○…………一、阅读理解（共5题）1、Theworldhasaplasticsproblem.Andnotjustwithbottles.Straws(吸管)，toothbrushes，toys—allkindsofplasticsareplacedinlandfills.Thereare5billiontonsofplasticwasteintheworld.Landfillshavealargepartofit.By2050，theycouldhave13billiontons.Muchofplasticrubbishfindsitswayintotheocean.Scientistssay165milliontonsofplasticpiecesarefloatingaroundoutthere.Andmostplasticwon’tdisappearitself.Itwillremainintheoceanforever.Whalesgetcaughtinplasticfishingnets.Birdsdiebecauseofeatingplasticstrawsandbottlecaps.Itendangersoceanlife.Plasticrubbishevenendsupinthefoodweeat.Governmentsarerealizingthatrecyclingmaynotbeenough.Theyaretakingmoreactions.Thoughitishardwork，itisstillasolvableproblem.InBritain，peoplearenotallowedtouseplasticbagsexceptinhospitals.ScotlandandseveralcoastalcitiesintheUSstoppeoplefromusingplasticstrawsaswell.TheUSalonethrowsawaysome500millionplasticstrawsaday.That'senoughtocircletheEarthtwice.“Sayingnotoaplasticstrawisaneasywaytomakeabigdifference，”DanaLofflinwhosaid.“Dowereallywanttopassontoourchildrenaworldharmedbyplastic?”Peoplehavefoundsometastywaystoreducewaste.AcompanyinIndiamadethefirst-everspoonthatpeoplecaneat.Youdon’thavetoeatthespoon.Youcanthrowitaway.Itdecomposes(分解)injustafewdays.DavidEdwards，ascientistatHarvardUniversity，designedaneatablebagwhichcanprotectthefoodordrinkinside.Itisadeliciousreplacementforplasticones.8.Accordingtothewrite，birdsdiebecausethey_______.A.eatbottlecapsandstrawsB.getcaughtinfishingnetsC.feedonoceananimalsD.havethespoonsinIndia9.Theunderlinedword"endangers"inParagraph2probablymeans_______.A.brings

B.loses

C.harms

D.saves10.Thepurposeofthepassageismainlyto_______.A.introducesomewaystorecyclewasteB.tellreadersabouttheproblemwithplasticsC.compareairpollutionandplasticpollutionD.describehowtheUSisreducingplasticwaste11.Fromthepassage，wecantellthattheplasticsproblem_______.A.istoobigforpeopletosolve

B.canbesolvedbyrecyclingaloneC.canbesolved，butitwon’tbeeasy

D.willhavetobesolvedbyfuturescientists2、【2019•浙江绍兴】阅读材料，然后从各题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。

Azero-wastelifeisalifestylethathardlycreatesanyrubbish.So,azero-wastestoreisaboutprovidingakindofeverydayandpleasant-lookingzero-wasteproductstohelppeoplestartonazero-wastelifejourney.

"Zerowaste"or"danshari"wasfirstsuggestedbyaFrenchwomancalledBeaJohnson.Herideais:livealifeandtrynottocreateanyrubbish;usedifferentkindsofwaystosavetheenvironmentsuchasstoppingtheuseofone-offobjects;givingunwantedthingstoothersorgivingthemawaytoorganizationsliketheRedCross.

YuYuan,27,isdeeplyinterestedinthisidea.SheandherboyfriendhavelivedinBeijingformanyyears.Andearliersheusedtobuythingswithoutthinkingaboutthemcarefullyuntilshesawavideoabout"zerowaste",inwhichafamilyoffourplacedtherubbishtheyproducedeveryyearinajar(罐).Afterwatchingthevideo,Yuwantedtoexperiencethiszero-wastelifestylewithherboyfriend.

Azero-wastelifefollowsthe6Rrule-RefuseReduce,Reuse,Repair,RecycleandRot.OverAugust-OctoberwhenYufollowedtheruleofzerowaste6R,sheandherboyfriendJoeHarveybothproducedonlytwocansofrubbish.

Now,thecouplehaveopenedasmallshopinBeijing,wheretheyusewoodproductstotaketheplaceofplasticonesandclothbagsprintedwithenvironmentallyfriendlylogos.Mostproductssoldinthestorecanbereused.Thestorealsohassecond-handbooksandCDs/DVDswith,ideastomakethebestoftheusedthings.

"Thosewhoonceexperiencedthenon-wastelifestylehaveslowlychangedtheirideas,"saysYa,"Thezero-wastelifestyleisnotforascetics(苦行僧).Itisjustaroundusatourfinger-tips."Yuexpectssomeofherfriendstojoinherontheroadtozerowaste.8.BeaJohnsonsuggeststhatpeopleshould________.

A.

trytoproducenorubbishinlife

B.

shareobjectswithothers

C.

helptheirfriendslivecomfortably

D.

workhardfortheRedCross9.WecanseefromthepassagethatYuYuan________.

A.

offersplasticbagsinherstore

B.

isinfluencedbythe6Rrule

C.

oftenbuysthingsshedoesn'tneed

D.

likeslisteningtoCDsverymuch10.WhatYuYuansaysinthelastparagraphprobablymeansthat________.

A.

lotsofpeopledoubtthezero-wastelifestyle

B.

shefeelsithardtocontinueherlifestyle

C.

herfriendshavefollowedherlifestyle

D.

thezero-wastelifestyleisnotdifficulttolive11.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.

Openingupasecond-handstore

B.

Recyclingwaste

C.

Savingtheenvironment

D.

Joiningthecouple3、【2019•浙江嘉兴】Freshgreengrass.Hundredsofcolorfulwildflowers.Waterrunningintolittlepools.Birdsmakingtheirhomesinboxes.The9,500-square-metreAugustenborgBotanicalGardenmaylookjustlikeanyotherwell-organizedparkbutthere’sadifference.Itliesontheroofs(屋顶)ofindustrialandofficebuildingsinthecityofMalmoinSweden.Greenroofsarenotanewinvention.Andnowtheyaregettingpopularagain.Thecommonroofsofamodemcityhaveendlessblacksurfaceswithnolifeorwater.Perhapsthat’swhyagardenonaroofbecomessuchaperfectchoiceformoreandmorepeople.Greenroofsarenotjustpretty.Theyalsohelptomoderatethecitytemperature.Thehightemperaturesoncommonroofsinthesummercanmaketopfloorflatsuncomfortablyhot.Whatismore,theyplayapartinmakingthecitieshotterthanthecountrysidearoundthem,causingthe“urbanheat-islandeffect”.Onagreenroof,however,withitsplantsandwater,temperatureschangeonlyalittle,astheydoinapark.Thiscangreatlycutthecostsofheatingandcoolinginthebuildingbelow.Also,agreenrooftakesinrainwater,andprotectsthecitydrainage(排水)system.___23___Andsmallanimalsandbirdscanmaketheirhomesonit.Thankstothis,thecitymaybecomepartofnature,ratherthansomethingcompletelyseparatefromit.Whilethecostofbuildingsucharoofcanstillbehigher,itcanbecheaperinthelongtermasaresultofenergysavings.Andwouldn'titbewonderfultobeabletowalkoutintoagardenhighabovethecity’snoiseandtraffic,whetheryou'reatschoolorinanofficeorjustathomeinaten-floorblock.8.WiththeexampleofAugustenborgBotanicalGarden,thewriterwantstoexplain____.A.howwildlifeisprotected

B.whatagreenroofislikeC.howtoorganizeagoodpark

D.whattodowithaspareroof9.Theunderlinedword“moderate”inParagraph3istheclosestinmeaningto“____”.A.raise

B.check

C.record

D.control10.WhichofthefollowingisthebestsentencetofillintheblankinParagraph4?A.Agreenroofisalive.

B.Agreenroofstopspollution.C.Acommonroofisnoisy.

D.Acommonroofincreasesthecost.11.Thepurposeofthepassageisto____.A.discovertheproblemswithgreenroofs

B.introducethechangeofgreenroofsC.showtheamazingbeautyofgreenroofs

D.describetheadvantagesofgreenroofs4、Inthefuture,peoplemaytraveltoMars(火星)bywater-poweredspaceship!Today'sspaceshipsarefineforgettingthingsintospace,buttheyarenotsogoodattravellinglongdistances.Thesespaceshipsburnchemicalfuels(燃料)andtheyareveryexpensive.Scientistssaythatawater-poweredspaceshipcouldmakethetriptoMarsmuchcheaper.Theideaisjustintheplanningstagesnow,butscientiststhinksuchaspaceshipcouldbedevelopedsoon.Thekeytothewater-poweredspaceshipistheengine(发动机)Regularenginespushspaceshipsbyburningfuel.Thewaterenginewillusesteam,createdbysolarpanels(太阳能板)thatheatwatertoahightemperature.Ofcourse,thespaceshipwillhavetocarryalotofwaterforthelongtriptoMars.Today'sspaceshipscouldnotcaythatmuchwaterButscientiststhinkthataspaceshipblownuplikeaballoonwillbeabletoOneUScompanyhasalreadydevelopedaspaceshiplikethis.Thesespaceshipsaremadeofastrongmaterial.Twoofthemhavealreadybeensentupintospace,usingrocketsandthenlaterfilledwithair."Balloon"spaceshipscouldbeverylargeandcarryenoughwaterforalongtrip.Withthe"Balloon"spaceships,enoughwatercouldbecarriedtopowertheenginesandgrowfoodduringthetrip.Andthepeopleonthespaceshipmightevengettotakeahotbath!Scientistssaythebiggestadvantageofsuchaspaceshipwouldbecost.The"Balloon"spaceshipuseswatertopushitthroughspaceandcostsaboutonethirtiethofanormalspaceship.Suchsavingsnaturallyencouragecontinuedresearchintoballoonspaceshipsandwaterengines.Ifthesescientistsarecorrect,wemaysoonbeonourwaytoMarsinaspaceshippoweredbywater.32.Whichsentencebestdescribesthemainideaofthepassageabove?A.Thekeytothewater-poweredspaceshipistheengine.B.Inthefuture,peoplemaytraveltoMarsbywater-poweredspaceship.C.OneUScompanyhasalreadydevelopedaspaceshiplikethis.DScientistssaythebiggestadvantageofsuchaspaceshipwouldbecost.33Whatdoyouthinkisomitted(省略)attheendoftheunderlinedsentence?A.usesteam

B.pushspaceshipsC.heatwater

D.carrythatmuchwater34.Besidesgrowingfood,whatelsemightastronautsdowiththerestofthewater?A.Takeahotbath.

B.Freezedangerousthings.C.Blowupaballoon.

D.ChangethesurfaceofMars.

35.Onwhichwebsitecanweprobablyreadthispassage?A./power

B./musicC./culture

D./spaceflight5、InChina,eachyearweproduceabout150milliontonsofcitywasteaccordingtoareport.Wheredoesthewastego?Peopleusuallyburnorbury(埋)it.Ontheotherhand,wereceivewastefromsomedevelopedcountries.Wegetusefulmaterialsfromit.Whatabouttheuselesspart?Stillburnedorburied.Butisitaproperway?Wastepollutestheenvironment,harmspeople'shealthandcausesanimalstodie.Italsogetsinthewayofgreenandsustainabledevelopment.Wecan'tmakemoneyatthecostoftheenvironment.Weshouldleavecleanwaterandgreenmountainstoournextgenerations(一代人).Chinaisgettingreallyseriousaboutwastenow.Wearetakinglesswastefromdevelopedcountries.FromJanuary2018,Chinastartedtostop24kindsofwastecomingintoourcountry.Andmorelawsandrulesaboutdealingwithwastehavebeenmade.Anyonewhobreaksthelawwillbepunished.Chinaalsotriestoputwasteintogooduse.Oneexampleisthewasteelectricityfactories.Theyburnwastetomakeelectricityinagreenway.Noharmfulgasesorwaterwillgetintotheenvironment.TheChinesegovernmentisencouragingpeopletodowastesorting(分类).CitieslikeShanghai,ChongqingandBeijinghavetheirownsortingsystems.Morewilljointhemsoon.AsPresidentXiJinpingsaidduringavisittoShanghai,wastesortingisanewfashion(时尚).Moreandmorepeopleareformingthehabitofseparatingtheirwaste.52.Thewriterstartsthepassageby_______________.A.tellingstories

B.comparingnumbersC.raisingquestions

D.givingsuggestions53.Theunderlinedword"sustainable"inParagraph2means"__________"inChinese.A.可享受的

B.可持续的

C.可借鉴的

D.可复活的54.Fromthepassage,weknowthat____________________.A.wastedoesharmonlytotheenvironmentB.thosewhobreakthelawmaynotbepunishedC.ChinastopsgettingwastefromdevelopedcountriesD.wastesortingstartstobecomepopularinChina55.Thestructureofthepassagemaybe.(①=Paragraph1②=Paragraph2③=Paragraph3④=Paragraph4⑤=Paragraph5⑥=Paragraph6)============参考答案============一、阅读理解1、8.A

9.C

10.B

11.C【解析】本文讲述了关于塑料问题。塑料废料越来越多。到2050年，他们可能有130亿吨。许多塑料垃圾都能进入海洋。它危及海洋生物。塑料垃圾甚至最终会进入我们吃的食物中。各国政府正正在采取更多的行动。塑料问题是可以解决，但不容易。【8题详解】题意：据报道，鸟类死亡是因为__________。考查细节理解。根据第2段第6句Birdsdiebecauseofeatingplasticstrawsandbottlecaps.（鸟死于吃塑料吸管和瓶盖。）可知“鸟类死亡是因为鸟吃塑料吸管和瓶盖”；故选A。【9题详解】题意：第2段中下画线单词“endangers”可能意思是_______。考查词义猜测。A.brings带来；B.loses失去；C.harms伤害；D.saves拯救。根据上文Whalesgetcaughtinplasticfishingnets.Birdsdiebecauseofeatingplasticstrawsandbottlecaps.（鲸鱼被塑料渔网捕获。鸟死于吃塑料吸管和瓶盖。）描述可知“此句Itendangersoceanlife.句意是：它危害海洋生物。”根据句意可知“endangers”可能意思是“harms”；选C。【10题详解】题意：这篇文章的目的主要是________。考查主旨理解。本文讲述了关于塑料问题。根据本文主要内容可知这篇文章的目的主要是告诉读者塑料的问题；故选B。【11题详解】题意：从文章中我们可以看出塑料问题_________。考查主旨理解。根据第3段第3句Thoughitishardwork，itisstillasolvableproblem.（虽然工作很辛苦，但仍然是一个可以解决的问题。）可知从文章中我们可以看出塑料问题可以解决，但不容易；故选C。2、8—11ABDC【考点】科普环保类，说明文

【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文主要通过生活中零消费人物法国人BeaJohn