安徽省都江堰市2016高考英语二轮复习短文改错讲解及练习解读

四川都江堰市2016高考英语短文改错二轮讲解及练习（2）知识点二：句法型错误句法型错误包含：主谓一致；各种从句的指引词；重申句型；句子结构的连接性、完好性、________________________同等性及逻辑性。1.主谓一致：对主谓一致的考察主要依据语法、意义、就近、就远等一致原则，判断人称和数可否与主语保持一致。常考点以下：（1）由or，nor，either...or，neither...nor，notonly...butalso等连接并歹U主语时，谓语动词的单复数依据就近原则；⑵当主语是Awith/togetherwith/aswellas/including/...B时，谓语动词的单复数由A决定，依据就远原则；（3）动名词、不定式或名词从句作主语时，谓语动词常用单数；⑷“half/most/part/therest/分数/百分数+of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词要和of此后的名词的单复数保持一致；（5）aquantityof/quantitiesof后既可接复数名词，也可接不行数名词，其谓语动词一般取决于quantity的单复数。（1）（2014?四川）Today,Iamgoingtotalkwith（about）whatyoushoulddowhenafirealarmgooff._________解析该句的主语为afirealarm，为单数名词，其谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。答案goigoes2.连接词：连接词主要包含名词性从句中的连接词，定语从句中的关系词，状语从句中的连接词，以及主从复合句和并列句中的连接词等。特别是对which和that指引定语从句、抽象名词后边经常跟that指引的同位语从句等的考察。（2）PeoplewouldliketotakepartinthiscontestshouldgototheofficeoftheStudents'Unionandsignup.____________解析定语从句缺乏指引词。此句中的指引词who或that在从句中作主语，不能够省略。答案People后加who或that3.句子成分赘余：句子成分赘余一般有以下几各种类：（1）受母语思想影响，出现汉语式结构，造成冗言；（2）不明词义内涵，造成词义重叠；（3）介词节余；（4）助动词、系动词节余；（5）多冠词；（6）定语从句中成分重复；（7）程度副词和频率副词，如much,more,often等的多余；（8）小品词to节余等。（3）（2014?四川）Ifyounoticethatwhensomeoneismissingand（or）hurt,tellyourteacherimmediately.__________解析该句的意思是“若发现有人失散或受伤了，就要马上告诉老师”。句中的if指引条件状语从句，when节余。答案去掉when4.缺词错误：缺词现象常有的有：（1）缺系动词；（2）缺介词；（3）缺冠词、物主代词等限制词；（4）在定语从句中缺关系代词或关系副词；（5）缺连接词；（6）缺否定词；（7）缺不定式符号to等。（4）（2014?陕西）Hewantedteachmeaboutanimals,insectsandtrees.___________解析want作“想要做某事”讲时后接带to的不定式。答案wanted后加to-1-知识点三：语篇型错误语篇型错误测试包含：上下文中时态可否一致；上下文中代词可否一致；上下文中逻辑可否一致；上下文中词、词组、从句的代替可否正确。（1）（2014?浙江）1wastakingatraintoLondon'sVictoriaStation.lhadnoticedthatthecarriagewasnoise(noisy)andfilledwithpeople.解析考察时态。此处可是对过去事实的描述，故用一般过去时。答案去掉had(2)(2014?浙江)Theneveryoneinthecarriagebegansearching(Afor)theticket,whichwaseventuallyfoundunderaseatseveralrowsfromhisowner._______解析此处的owner指的是车票的全部者，所以应该用its。其他，还可将his改为the表示特指。答案hisTts(2014?新课标全国I)As(Aa)result,theplantsaregrowingsomewhere.解析依据语境可知，各处都是圣女果，所以把somewhere改为everywhere。答案somewhere^everywhere易错点：平行结构中的错误(1)Wetriedtofixitandtherewasnothingwecoulddo.解析依据句意，此处为转折关系。答案and^but⑵(2014?新课标全国n)Wecanlieonthegrassforarest,orsatbythelakelistening(Ato)music.解析此处有并列连词or，此后的动词与lie是平行结构，故该动词的形式应与lie保持致。答案satTsit(3)(2014?大纲全国)Theunderstandingbetweentwofriendsmean(means)bothofthemhavesimilarideasandtrustingeachother.解析此处的trust和前面的have并列，应用动词原形。答案trustingTtrust2.从句与并列句的错误(1)ItoldMother,Father,Sister,allmyfriendsherewhatagreattimeIhad.解析all前加and,表示并列关系。答案all前加and(2)Thiswouldsavethelifeofmanyanimals,someofthemhavealmostdiedout.答案themTwhich注意：句子与句子之间的逗号只起间隔作用，不能够连接句子，所以要注意从句与并列句的辨别。遇到此类题目，察看逗号后边有无连词，没有的话，增添适合的连词，也许把此中一句变成从句。3.动词时态与语态的错误(2014?新课标全国n)Wecanlieonthegrassforarest,orsatbythelakelisteningtomusic.解析此处sit和前面的lie是并列关系。依据上下文及此处lie所用的动词时态形式可知，应把过去式的sat改为一般现在时sit。答案satTsitIfthebookyouwillwantisout,youmayaskforittobecalledbackforyou.答案去掉will短文改错做题技巧要想在高考英语中做好短文改错，依据“四步走”，推行“四查法”可有效减少不用要的失误。详尽做法以下：-2-通读全文，认识马虎注意语篇结构和行文逻辑，不能够在未认识马虎的状况下就循序渐进地一行一行地改。先易后难，减小范围通读短文的过程中，能够把此中显然的错误找出来，这样就减小了范围，为下一步的解析判断供给更充分的依据，也能把注意力集中在较难判断的句子上。3.掌握句意，逐句判断逐句扫描，各个击破。为了使每行长度相差不大，经常一个句子分成两行或三行，而一个句子可否有错只有看完好个句子，甚至还要瞻前顾后才能判断出错误之处。所以在通读全文时，要以句子为最小单位，千万别以行为单位。请记住下边的口诀：动词形，名词数，注意形和副；非谓动词细鉴识，习习用法要记住；句子成分多解析，逻辑错误须关注。4.屡次通读，复查考据在大部分错误都改正此后，若是还有拿禁止的，应该再次通读短文，利用语感做最后判断；也能够依据此类题的特色，运用错误种类的比率来抉择。错词一般有7?8个，多词和缺词约有2?3处。二、“四查法”1.东张西望查名词要注意搜寻名词从前及其自己出现的错误。看该名词前可否缺限制词，该用何种限制词。尤其要查冠词的使用状况。遇到代词要弄清它取代什么。当名词前有形容词时更要加倍注意。如:Catherine,towhomyoucanturnforhelp,hasgoodknowledgeofGreek.（knowledge为不行数名词，在has此后加上不定冠词a）“语”“时”俱进查动词认真解析动词所用的时态、语态。特别要依据上下文所供给的时间信息，“语”“时”俱进地屡次商酌。如：Martingainedsomuchconfideneethathegoesbacktoschool...（goes改为went）3.启承转合查连词为使短文结构谨慎，短文中经常会出现好多连词。这些连词的使用，在结构和意义上都要通顺水利，恰到利处。如：Itstartedtorisehigheragain.Soitwasstilltooclosetothewater.（So改为But）4.文通理顺查逻辑文通即行文吻合英语词法、句法；理顺指行文逻辑吻合人们的认知规律，即吻合常理。如：Theairkeepingtheballoonupwasescapingquicklyandtheballoonwascomingup.（第二个up改为down）短文改错（2013?昭通市统检）rmsorrytotellyouthatIwon'tbeabletovisitBeijingwithyouinnextweekend,justbecausemyeldersisterwouldcometovisituswhilemyparentsareverybusy.TheytakeitforgrantedwhatIshouldpickhimup.Yousee,wehaven'tseeneachotherforages.Andsheiseagertoseeingwhathasgreatchangedinourcity.Iwanttoexpressmyapologizeagainformakingyouwaitingforme.Whatismore,IhopethatIcangetanotherchancestogotoBeijingwithyouwhenitisconvenient-3-toyou.Areyoufreetwoweekslate?Ifyouareavailablethattime,pleaseinformme.Thankalot!答案：rmsorrytotellyouthatIwon'tbeabletovisitBeijingwithyouih\nextweekend,justbecausemyeldersisterwould_____cometovisituswhilemyparentsareverybusy.willTheytakeitforgrantedwhat____Ishouldpickhim___up.Yousee,wehaven'tseeneachthatherotherforages.Andsheiseagertoseeing_______whathasgreatchangedinourcity.seegreatlyIwanttoexpressmyapologizeagainformakingyouwaitingforme.Whatismore,apologyIhopethatIcangetanotherchancestogotoBeijingwithyouwhenitisconvenientchancetoyou.Areyoufreetwoweekslate_____?Ifyouareavailablethattime,pleaseinformlaterme.Thankalot!Thanks2013?绍兴市二模）rmgladtotellyouthatIhavemadegreatprogressinmyEnglishstudysinceIbecametheseniorhighschoolstudent.WhenIstartedseniorEnglish,IfoundmuchmoredifficultthanthatwelearnedinjuniorschoolandIalmostlostmyheart.Later,IrealizedtheimportantofEnglish,soIgotupearlyeverymorning,reciteEnglishword,listenedtoEnglishtapesanddidalotofexercise.IalsoaskedmyteachersandclassmatesforbetterwaystolearningEnglish.Now,I'mimprovingmyEnglishgreatly.Butrmgettingmoreandmoreinterestedwithlearningit.Thankyousomuchforyourgreathelpinyourclass.答案：rmgladtotellyouthatIhavemadegreatprogressinmyEnglishstudysinceIbecametheseniorhighschoolstudent.a-4-WhenIstartedseniorEnglish,IfoundAitmuchmoredifficultthanthatwelearnedwhat-5-injuniorschoolandIalmostlostmy、heart.Later,Irealizedtheimportant_________ofimportanceEnglish,soIgotupearlyeverymorning,reciteEnglishword,listenedtoEnglishrecitedtapesanddidalotofexercise_____.Ialsoaskedmyteachersandclassmatesforbetterexercisesways乞learningEnglish.ofNow,I'mimprovingmyEnglishgreatly.But______rmgettingmoreandmoreinterestedwith_______Andinlearningit.Thankyousomuchforyourgreathelpinyourclass.短文改错-6-Aperson'sagenoIongertellsyousomethingabout短文改错（共10小题；76.______ahisjob,socialorstoppositiworkon,ingmarriageisnorhealthyas.Therestrongasitwasusedtosbeno.Ionger77._______aparticularyearwhichonegoestoschoolorgoesto78.________workorgetsmarriedorstartafamily.Thesocialclock79.________thatkeptusontimeandtolduswhengotoschool,get80.________81._______Itdoesn'tsurpriseustoheara28-year-olduniversity82.________presidentora35-year-oldgrandmother,or70-year-old83.________manwhohasbecomeafatherforthefirsttime.Whatwe84.85._______allknow,public'sideasarechangingnowadays.【参照答案】76.somethingfanything77.healthyThealth78.which(或yearAin)79.startfstarts80.whenAto81.was82.V83.orAa84.WhatfAs85.public'sfpublic【重庆南开中学】每题1分，满分10分）此题要求改正所给短文中的错误?对标题号的每一行做出判断：如无错误，在该行右侧的横线上划（V）;若有错误（每行只有一个错误），则按以下状况改正：此行多一个词：把节余的词用斜线