第三课名词性从句及主语从句

名词性从句本节课的要点

明确名词从句的分类和概念

掌握名词从句的连接词

名词性从句：在句中起名词作用的词

主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句主语从句:在复合句中充当主语的从句常规主语从句：Whose

watch

was

lost

isunknown.Whatwe

need

istime.Whatweneedaregooddoctors.形式主语It引导的主语从句，主句置句末Itiscertainthathewill

win

thematch.Itistruethathehasmadea

very

importantdiscoveryinchemistry.Itisverylikelythattheywill

hold

ameeting.注意主语从句与强调句的辨析

主语从句与同位语从句的连词不可省略

ItisLiLei’sbrotherthatyoumetinthestreetyesterday.

本句若将Itis及that同时省去为：YoumetLiLei’sbrotherinthestreetyesterday.

ItisexcitingthatwehavesucceededinsendingupShenzhou.

本句若将Itis及that同时省去为：WehavesucceededexcitinginsendingupShenzhou宾语从句：在复合句中起宾语作用的从句

动词的宾语从句介词的宾语从句形容词的宾语从句动词的宾语从句

Ihave

found

outthatalltheticketsfortheconcerthavebeensoldout.Makesurethattherearenomistakesinyourpapersbeforeyou

turn

themin.I

think

itnecessarythatwetakeplentyof

hot

water

everyday.Hetoldusthattheywould

help

usthoughthe

wholework.介词的宾语从句

用wh-类的介词宾语从句Weare

talkingaboutwhetherweadmitstudentsintoour

club用that,if引导的介词宾语从句except,but,besides三个介词后可见到that引导的宾语从句Iknownothingaboutmynewneighborexceptthatheusedto

work

withacompany.形容词的宾语从句

常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有:sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprisedIamsure（that）

Iwill

pass

the

exam.IamsorrythatIhavetroubledyousolong.HeisgladthatLiMingwenttoseehimwhenhewasill.表语从句:在复合句中充当表语的从句用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的基本结构：主语+连系动词+

关联词+表语从句系动词，亦称连系动词作为系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语（形容词），构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。系动词分类1.可用来表示主语性质或状态，只有be一词，例如：Heisateacher.他是一名教师。（表示主语的身份－－性质）Heisill.他病了。（表示主语的状态）2.用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep,rest,remain,

stay,

lie,

standHealwayskeptsilentatmeeting.他开会时总保持沉默。Thismatterrestsamystery.此事仍是一个谜。3.用来表示"看起来像"这一概念，主要有seem,appear,

lookHelooksso

tired.他看起来很累。Heseems(tobe)

very

sad.他看起来很伤心。4.感官系动词主要有feel,smell,

sound,

taste,look例如：This

kind

ofclothfeelsverysoft.Thisflowersmellsvery

sweet.5.变化系动词主要有become,grow,

turn,fall,get,go,come,

run,be.这些系动词表示主语变成什么样例如：Hebecamemad

after

that.。Shegrewrichwithinashorttime.6.表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove,turnout,表达"证实"，"变成"之意，

例如：The

rumor

proved

false.Thesearchproveddifficult.Hisplanturnedoutasuccess.一、名词作表语Africaisa

big

continent.Thatremainsapuzzletome.二、代词作表语

What’syourfaxnumber?

Who'syour

best

friend?三、形容词作表语Ifeelmuchbetter

today.Heisoldbutheishealthy.四、数词作表语Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.五、不定式作表语Ournextstepwastogetrawmaterialsready.Herwishistobecomeasinger.Ourplanistofinishtheworkintwoweeks.六、介词短语作表语Thepatientisoutofdanger.Idon’tfeelatease.七.副词作表语The

sun

isup.Imustbeoffnow.八.从句作表语Thisiswhathe

said.同位语从句：在复合句中充当同位语的从句从句作同位语表示与之同位的名词（短语）的实际内容，它的作用相当于名词，对前面的名词（短语）加以补充说明或进一步解释。1.名词作同位语MrWang,my

child’steacher,willbevisitingusonTuesday.2.短语作同位语I,theoldest

girl

inthefamily,alwayshadtocarefortheotherchildren.3.直接引语作同位语Butnowthequestioncomestotheirminds，“Didshe

die

young

becauseshewasaclone?”4.句子作同位语Thegirlsweresurprisedatthefactthatoceanshipscan

sail

uptheGreatlakes.名词性从句的连接词连接词分类并列连词：连接两个或两个以上地位平等的字、词组或分句从属连词：用以引导名词性从句和状语从句并列连词并列关系and，both…and…，either…or…,neither…nor…,aswellas,notonly…but(also)…转折关系but,yet,still,while选择关系or,orelse,otherwise,neither…nor,either…or因果推理关系so,for,then,therefore连接词

连接词

意义

功能that

无词汇意义

连接if

是否

连接whether...ornot

是否

连接连接词仅起引导作用，在从句中不充当功能eg:Thattheywillrefusetheofferisunlikely.Idon’tknowwhetherornot(=if)thesefiguresareaccurate.注意：whether可引导所有的名词从句，if仅可引导宾语从句，而且不可接跟ornot.从属连词：连接词（3），连接代词（5），连接副词（4）1、that（无词义，不做成分）if，whether（表达是否的意义，但不做句子成分）2、连接代词：who，whom，whose，what，which，whatever,whoever,whichever（有词义，在句子中可作主语、表语、宾语）3、连接副词：when，where，why，how，howmany，how

long，how

far，however，whenever，wherevernowthat（有词义，作从句的状语）

连接代词

连接代词

意义

功能What(whatever)

什么/...东西连接并替代名词性成分which(whichever)

哪一个(些)，(可指人或物)连接并替代名词性成分who/whom

谁（主格）/谁（空格）连接并替代名词性成分whoever/whomever...人(主格)/...人(宾格)连接并替代名词性成分whose

谁的连接并替代形容词性成分连接代词除起连接作用外，还在从句充当主语，宾语，定语，表语等的语法功能。

eg:Thequestioniswhocanoperatethenewmachine.

Theyaskedwhoseideathiswas.

Which

(student/plan)isbetterisclearnow.

Thisiswhathehasaskedfor.what从句和that从句的比较。

what是连接代词，在从句中充当一个名词性成分，表示“...东西”，也就是说它引导的是一个以名词为中心词的从句。that是连接词，在从句中不充当成分，引导的是一个陈述句。Heshowedmewhathehadbought.Hetoldmethathehadboughtabook.

连接副词

意义

功能when

什么时间

连接并替代时间状语where

什么地方

连接并替代地点状语why

为什么

连接并替代原因状语how

怎样，如何

连接并替代方式状语连接副词除起连接作用外，还在从句中充当时间，地点，原因和方式等状语成分。Howwecanincreaseourproductionremainsaproblem.Tellmewhyyouwereabsentyesterday.Whenthemeetingwillbeheldhasnotbeendecidedyet.Thequestioniswhereweshallperformtheexperiment.注意：从句都是陈述语序。练习:判断以下复合句属于哪种名词性从句1.Thatshewaschosenmadeusveryhappy.

2.Weheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon.3.Itisnotimportantwhowillgo.

4.Itisstillunknownwhichteamwillwinthematch.5.HehastoldmethathewillgotoShanghaitomorrow.6.Wemust

never

think

(that)wearegoodineverything

while

othersaregoodinnothing.7.Thefactisthatwehave

lost

thegame.8.That’sjustwhatIwant.9.Thisiswhereourproblem

lies.10.Thatiswhyhedidn’tcometothemeeting.11.Thenewsthatwewonthegameisexciting.

12.Ihavenoideawhenhewillcomeback

home.13.ThethoughtcametohimthatMaryhadprobablyfallenill.主语从句

----------从句在复合句中充当主语连接词:that，whetherthat引导主语从句只起引导作用，本身无实际意义，在主语从句中不充当任何成分，但不能省略。“if”不能引导主语Thattheboydidn’ttakemedicinemadehismotherangry.Thathewillcomeiscertain.Whethergotoatriphasn’tbeendecided.连接代词:who,what,which,whatever,whichever,whoeverWhatseemseasytosomepeopleseemsdifficulttoothers.Whoevercomesiswelcome.Whereveryouareismyhome------myonlyhome.Whichsidewillwinisnotclear.注意连接代词whoever,whatever,whichever等引导主语从句的含义Whoevercomeswillbewelcome.(whoever=thepersonwho)Whateverhedidwasright.(whatever=thethingthat)Whicheverofyoucomesinwillreceiveaprize.(whichever=anyoneofyouwho)连接副词:when,where,how,why…Whentheywillstartisnotknownyet.Wheretofindfantasticbeastsisstillunknown.Howhebecameagreatscientistisknowntousall.Whyhediditremainsamystery.主语从句后置为了避免主语冗长，句子头重脚轻，经常用it作形式主语，主语从句放在后面作真正的主语。1.Thatweshallbelateiscertain.Itiscertainthatweshallbelate.2.Thatyoumissedthechanceisapity.Itisapitythatyoumissedthechance.用it形式主语的that从句有以下五种不同的搭配：1.It+be+形容词+that从句,(obvious,true,natural,surprising,good,wonderful,funny,possible,likely,certain,probable,etc.)Itisnecessarythat有必要。。。Itisimportantthat重要的是。。。Itisobviousthat很明显。。。2.It+be+-ed分词+that从句(said,reported,thought,expected,decided,announced,arranged,etc.)Itisbelievedthat人们相信。。。Itisknowntous/allthat众所周知。。。Ithasbeendecidedthat已经决定。。。3.It+be+名词+that从句(nowonder,anhonor,agoodthing,apity,nosurprise,etc.)Itiscommonknowledgethat。。。是常识Itisasurprisethat令人惊奇的是。。。Itisafactthat事实是。。。4.It+不及物动词+that从句Itappearsthat似乎。。。Ithappensthat碰巧。。。Itoccurredtomethat我突然想起。。。Itseemsthat看起来。。。5.It+doesn’tmatter(makesnodifference,etc.)+连接代词或连接副词引起的主语从句Itdoesn’tmatterwhethershewillcomeornot.Itmakesnodifferencewhereweshallhavethemeeting.当that引导的主语从句出现在疑问句中时，要以it作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。Isittruethatthescientistwillgiveusalecturenextweek?Doesitmattermuchthattheywillnotcometomorrow?当主语从句出现在感叹句中时，要以it作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。Howstrangeitisthatthechildrenaresoquiet!Howluckyitisthatwefinallyarrivehere!主语从句需注意的问题1.“if”不能引导主语从句，应有“whether”引导2.主语从句中用陈述语序3.主语从句的“that”一般不能省略4.“what”引导主语从句时。谓语动词：1）常与其后的名词作表语一致2）根据句子的语境而定。1.Whatyouleftareonlyseveraloldbooks.2.Whatyousaidisofgreatimportance.3.Whetherhewillcomehereisnotclear.Choicequestion1._____hemadeanimportantspeechatthemeetingwastrue.A.ThatB.WhyC.WhatD.How2._____wewillgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where3.Itworriedherabit____her

hairwasturninggray.A.whetherB.thatC.whatD.when4.WhatIsayandthink_____noneofyourbusiness.A.isB.areC.hasD.have1.________makesmistakesmustcorrectthem.A.WhatB.That

C.Whoever

D.Whatever2.Itworriedherabit____herhairwasturninggrey.A.whileB.thatC.ifD.for3.Whenandwhyhecamehere________yet.A.isnotknownB.arenotknownC.hasnotknownD.havenotknown4.________isnoreasonfordismissingher.A.BecauseshewasafewminuteslateB.OwingtoafewminuteslateC.ThefactthatshewasafewminuteslateD.Beingafewminuteslate5.________Tomlikedtoeatwasdifferentfrom________.A.That…thatyouhadexpectedB.What…thatyouhadexpectedC.That…whatyouhadexpectedD.What…whatyouhadexpected6.________wegoswimmingeveryday________usalotofgood.A.If...doB.That...doC.If...does

D.That...does7.It________Bobdrivesbadly.A.thinksthatB.isthoughtwhatC.thoughtthatD.isthoughtthat8.It'suncertain________theexperimentisworthdoing.A.ifB.that

C.whether

D.how9.________theboydidn'ttakemedicinemadehismotherangry.A.That

B.WhatC.HowD.Which10.____wecan'tgetseemsbetterthan____wehave.A.What,whatB.What,thatC.That,thatD.That,what11.____youdon'tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.A.WhatB.Who

C.That

D.Whether12.____we'llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.A.If

B.Whether

C.ThatD.Where13._________isgoingtodothejobwillbedecidedbythePartycommittee.A.ThatB.WhyC.HowD.Who14._______we'llfinishtranslatingthebookdependsonthetime.A.When

B.WhyC.WhatD.That15.______hewon'tgothereiscleartoallofus.A.HowB.What

C.WhyD.This16______thehousewillbebuiltwillbediscussedatto