中学学习社区-八上英语unit

Gettingready

StudyskillsCulturecornerModule1AmazingthingsOxfordEnglishUnit

1EncyclopaediasGettingreadyWhatdoesHithinkLoisprobablydoing?Infact,whatisLodoing?WhatwillHiprobablyfeelwhenhelearnsthatLoisstandingonhisencyclopaedia?Lookatthecartoonandanswerthequestions.HethinksthatLoisprobablyreadinghisencyclopaedia/islookingforsomeinformationinhisencyclopaedia.Heisstandingontheencyclopaediatochangealightbulb.Hewillprobablyfeelangry/unhappy.

HowlongdoesittakefortheMoontogoroundtheEarth?A.28days.B.29days.C.30days.D.31days.2.WhopaintedtheworkImpression,Sunrise?A.DaVinci,Leonardo.B.VanGogh.[vænˈgəʊ]C.Monet.[mʌ'nɪt]D.Picasso.[pɪ'kɑ:səʊ]Aquiz3.Whichmountainisthehighestintheworld?A.TheHimalayas.B.MountFuji.C.TheNile.D.TheAlps.4.Whicharethelargestanimalsintheworldnow?A.whales.B.dinosaurs.C.elephants.D.crocodiles.5.Whichanimalscan’tbeseenonearth?A.pandas.B.monkeys.C.kangaroos.D.dinosaurs.6.Whatistheshortformoftheorganizationthatprotectsanimals?A.WTO.B.APEC.C.UN.D.SPCA.SocietyforthePreventionofCrueltytoAnimals爱护动物协会WorldTradeOrganizationAsia-PacificEconomicCooperationAnencyclopaediaisacollection(usuallyabookorasetofbooks)ofinformationaboutthingshumansknow.Encyclopaedia<Br>=encyclopedia<Am>Doyouhaveanencyclopaedia?Haveyoueverreadanencyclopaedia?an

encyclopaediaWhatisTheEncyclopaediaBritannicaisaworld-famousencyclopaedia.ItistheoldestEnglish-languageencyclopaedia.Thefirsteditionwaspublishedin1768,andsincethentherehavebeen15editions.The15theditionismadeupof32volumes.Togethertheycontainabout40millionwordsonhalfamilliontopics.TodaythereisaDVDeditionoftheBritannica.Youcanalsofinditonline.Culturecorner中国历史上的百科全书《太平御览》（北宋，共10000卷）《永乐大典》（明，共22937卷）《中国大百科全书》（现代，中国第一部大型综合性百科全书，有多种版本。）[brɪˈtænikə][ˈvɒlju:m]Readthearticleandanswerthequestions.WhatistheEncyclopaediaBritannica?Besides15printededitions,doestheEncyclopaediaBritannicahaveothereditions?Whatarethey?Itisaworld-famousencyclopaedia.ItisalsotheoldestEnglish-languageencyclopaedia.Yes,itdoes.ThereisaDVDeditionandanonlineedition.subjectallkindsofsubjectsEncyclopaediaBritannica《不列颠百科全书》，又称《大英百科全书》，被认为是当今世界上最知名也是最权威的百科全书，英语世界俗称的ABC百科全书之一，也是世界三大百科全书（美国百科全书、不列颠百科全书、科利尔百科全书）之一.TheFirstEditionVolumeReadthefirstparagraphofthearticleandexplainwhateachnumbermeans.1768—15—32—40,000,000—500,000—In1768,thefirsteditionwaspublished.Therehavebeen15editionsoftheEncyclopaediaBritannicasofar.The15theditionismadeupof32volumes.The15theditioncontainsabout40millionwords.The15theditioncontainshalfamilliontopics.topicThesubjectsintheEncyclopaediaBritannicaarearrangedin____________order.StudyskillsalphabeticalAInwhichvolumescanyoufindinformationaboutthefollowingtopics?Writethecorrectvolumenumbersintheblanks.Brains _________Seas _________Computers _________Weather _________France _________Pandas _________VOL.1VOL.6VOL.1VOL.7VOL.2VOL.5abcdScienceMusic

HistoryNatureHowmanysubjectsarethere?Whatsubjectdoeseachencyclopaediacover?Four.1Elephants_____2Sound_____3TheStoneAge_____4Opera_____5Pianos_____6Light_____7QinShihuang_____8Trees_____BInwhichoftheencyclopaediasbelowcanyoufindinformationonthefollowingtopics?Writethecorrectlettersintheblanks.abcdda/bcbbacdLookatthepictureofanencyclopaediaonpage14andchoosethebestanswers.1.Besidesthesubjectsandpicture,wecanalsofind______onpage358.A.volumesB.aguidewordC.similarsubjectsTheguidewordonthispageis______.A.ViolinB.ViolinistC.ViolistWecanlookformoreinformationonVioloncellofromthesubject“________”.A.ViolistB.ViolinC.CelloIfwewanttofindinformationonthedifferentsizesofviolins,thekeywordforustolookforis_______.A.violinB.sizesC.musicThisistheguidewordatthetopofeachpage.Thesubjectsareusuallyinalphabeticalorder.Sometimesanencyclopaediatellsuswheretolookformoreinformationonasimilarsubject.1Findinformationondogs.____________2Findinformationontheinventionofnumbers.____________3TalkaboutfestivalsinChina.____________4Writeapassageonthehistoryofcomputers.____________CBelowaresomeinstructions.Whichwordineachinstructiontellsyouwhichtopictolookupinanencyclopaedia?dogsnumbers/mathsfestivals/ChinacomputersWhatcanwelearnfromencyclopaedias?Wecanlearninformationondifferentsubjectsfromencyclopaedias.Sometimesanencyclopaediamayincludeseveralbooks.Whatiseachbookcalled?Avolume.Howarethesubjectsinanencyclopaediaarranged?Inalphabeticalorder.Whatcanwefindatthetopoftheeachpage?Aguideword.Howmanyvolumesarethereintheencyclopaediaonpage14?Seven.Whatsubjectsdotheencyclopaediasonpage15cover?Science,Music,HistoryandNature.百科全书常见的种类有：按涵盖的主题分:综合性/专业性按数量分:多卷本/单卷本

百科全书常见编排方式按字母表顺序依次排列，并分成若干卷，每卷包含若干个字母开头的主题内容(P14插图)《大英百科全书》就是这种。按照学科分类编排(见教材P15练习B中的插图)在查找百科全书时，可按照一定的主题查找。在查阅时，必须弄清所要查找的对象，即关键信息。如：想了解世界博览会的历史，可在百科全书中查询Expo的条目。Expo就是我们经常所说的关键信息。有时，关键信息可能有多个，如FindinformationonthescientistsinAmerica既可以查询scientists的条目。有时我们想查询某一个条目时，在百科全书中并不一定能找到相应的内容。此时需要查找上一级主题。如：若在百科全书中找不到tennis的条目，就应到sport条目中去查询，因为sport是tennis的上一级主题。C1Thewordsinitalicsarefromthefirstarticleonpage3.Circlethecorrectanswerstocompletethesesentences.Whensomebodyis

born,he/she_______.acomesoutofhis/hermother’sbodybgoestoseeadoctorcleaveshis/herparentsBenny’sgrandparentslivedinthecountryside.Theylive_______thecity.ainsideboutsidecinthecentreof3Birdshaveamusicalability.They_______sing.acanbcannotcarehappytoThebookincludessomebeautifulphotos.Thesephotosare________thebook.apartofbattheendofcconnectedtoVocabularyCirclethecorrectanswertocompletethissentence.5Ahumanbeingisa(n)_______.aanimalbmachinecpersonVocabularyC2Completethearticlebelowwiththewordsfromthebox.Changetheirformsifnecessary.notebookinventionsscientistHoweverPerhapsevenReadingModule1AmazingthingsOxfordEnglishUnit

1EncyclopaediasCompletethetablebelow.BackgroundknowledgeSubjectinformationonDaVinci,LeonardoArt

DinosaursEarth

historyReadthetitleandtheintroductiononpage3.Thenanswerthequestions.Inthetitle,whatdoesthephrase“lookup”mean?【lookup仰视，向上看】Whatdoesthepronoun“it”inthetitlereferto?Itmeanstolookforinformationaboutsomethinginadictionaryoranencyclopaedia.Itreferstoinformation.YouaregoingtoreadashortarticleaboutLeonardodaVincifromanencyclopaedia.Beforeyoustart,trythequizbelow.Circlethecorrectanswers.Therecanbemorethanoneanswer.1LeonardodaVinciwasa(n)_______.apainterbengineerccook2LeonardodaVinciwas_______.aFrenchbEnglishcItalian3LeonardodaVincipainted_______.

aSunflowersbTheLastSuppercImpression,SunriseWhatdoyouknowabout…?VanGogh,DutchMonet,FrenchLookatthepicturesandthetitleofthefirstarticleonpage3.Thenanswerthequestionsbelow.BeforeyoureadWhatisthepaintinginPicturea?Whopaintedit?LeonardodaVinciTheMonaLisa/aWhatisDaVinciknownas?anartisttheMonaLisaTheLastSupperDaVinci’sachievementsapainteraninventoramusicianascientistanengineer/DaVinci’snotebookWhatisDaVinciknownas?AboutDaVinciachievementsyearofbirthyearofdeathchildhoodpainterinventormusicianengineerscientistcontributions15191452birthplacecountryside,

Italyshowedgreatintelligence

and

artistic

abilityadulthoodlearnttodomanydifferentthingsmanyinventionsfamouspaintingsLeonardo

daVinci/Readthefirstarticleandcompletethespidergram.MonaLisaLookitup!DaVinci,LeonardoLeonardodaVinci(1452—1519)wasanItalianpainter,inventor,musician,engineerandscientist.DaVinciwasborninthecountryside.Fromanearlyage,heshowedgreatintelligenceandartisticability.Ashegrewolder,helearnttodomanydifferentthings.Hispaintingsareveryfamous,andone,theMonaLisa,isperhapsthemostfamouspaintingintheworld.Healsohadmanyinventions.Forexample,hisnotebooksincludesomeinterestingdrawingsofflyingmachines.(SeeArt)/MakeaspidergramaboutWaltDisney.yearofbirthyearofdeath?achievementsbirthplaceWaltDisneyWhendidhedie?Wherewasheborn?Whenwasheborn?Whatdidhedo?Whatdidheachieve?…hisjob4Todayyoucanfinddinosaurs_______.ainzoosbinmuseumsceverywhere5WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?aDinosaursoncelivedonEarth.bAlldinosaurswereverybig.cSomedinosaurscouldfly.

Youaregoingtoreadashortarticleaboutdinosaursfromanencyclopaedia.Beforeyoustart,trythequizbelow.Circlethecorrectanswers.Whatdoyouknowabout…?BeforeyoureaddinosaursWhataretheanimalsinPictureb?Whatdoyouknowaboutthem?bLookatthepictureandthetitleofthesecondarticleonpage3.Thenanswerthequestionsbelow.DinosaursusedtoliveonEarth,butallofthemsuddenlydiedout.Nobodyknowswhy.AboutdinosaursLookatthepicturesbelow.Whendiddinosaurslive?Over_____________yearsbeforehumanbeings.Wherediddinosaurslive?___________onEarth.Howbigwerethey?Somewere_____________chickens.Otherswere___________tenelephants.Whatdidtheyeat?Manyofthemate_______.Someate______.Howdidtheydieout?Theyall_________diedout.Whydidtheydieout?_____________

why.Howcanpeoplelearnaboutdinosaurs?Fromtheir_________.

sixtymillionEverywhereassmallasasbigasmeatplantssuddenlyNobodyknowsfossilsListenandcompletethetable.Thentalkaboutdinosaursaccordingtothetableinpairs.ReadthearticleDinosaursDinosaurslivedonEarthmorethan60millionyearsbeforehumanbeings.TheylivedeverywhereonEarth.Somedinosaurswereassmallaschickens.Otherswereasbigastenelephants.Somecouldevenfly.Manydinosaursateplants.However,somedinosaurslikedtoeatmeat.DinosaurslivedonEarthformorethan150millionyears.Then,suddenly,theyalldiedout.Nobodyknowswhy.However,wecanlearnaboutthemfromtheirfossils.(SeeEarthhistory)Lookitup!D1Belowaresomenotesaboutthefirstencyclopaediaarticleonpage3,butsomeofthefactsarewrong.Readthearticleandcorrectthenotesifnecessary.countrysideinventionsComprehension2DinosaursaTheylivedonEarthmorethan60thousandyearsbeforehumanbeings.bSomeweresmall;otherswerehuge.cAllofthematemeat.dSlionSomeTheyallComprehensionComprehensionD2Readthearticlesagainandcompletetheanswerstothequestionsbelow.anItalianpainter,inventor,musician,engineerandscientisttheMonaLisaplantsmeatmorethan150millionyearsfromtheirfossilsComprehensionD3Discussandanswerthequestionsbelowwithyourclassmates.1.WhatdoyouknowaboutLeonardodaVinci?2.Whydidthedinosaursdieoutsuddenly?1.DaVinciwasborninthecountryside.bebornin后面常跟年份、地点；注意介词的用法:接地点名词时用介词in,接时间名词时用介词on或者in;Johnwasbornin2010/inSeptember.PeterwasborninShanghaion1October,1997.Tomwasbornonacold/hotmorning.*对beborn后面的时间和地点提问时用whenandwhere-Whenandwherewereyouborn?-IwasborninChinain1988.LanguagepointsInthecountryside=inthecountry在农村，在乡下countryside为不可数名词。WhenIwasten,Ilivedinthecountrysidewithmygrandparents.2.Fromanearlyage,heshowedgreatintelligenceandartisticability.showv.show(an)interestin对…感兴趣showoff炫耀n.展览beonshow=beondisplayAlotofoldthingswillbeonshowinthemuseum.(2)fromanearlyage从小=whensb.wasveryyoungartisticability艺术才能(3)abilityn.才能，能力，表示“能力”时，多为不可数名词；表示“才能，能干”时，多用复数形式abilities.Heisamanofmanyabilities.[amanoffewwords]Ithinkhehastheabilitytodoit.ableadj.有才能的-abler-ablestbeableto/cana.beableto强调通过努力而获得的能力；can则强调自身已具有的能力。ShecansingthesongsinEnglish.HewillbeabletosingthissonginEnglishinafewminutes,too.b.beableto强调一种结果，而can只强调一种可能。Luckily,hewasabletoescapefromthebigfireintheend.Ifhegotthereafewhoursearlier,Icouldsavehim.c.beableto可以有各种时态，而can只有一般现在时和一般过去时两种时态。Heis/was/willbeabletohelpyou.指过去某时或者某刻设法做成某事，不用could,而用was/wereableto.Italkedwithherforalongtime,andeventuallyIwasabletomakeherbelieveme.d.can用于表示可能性，推测，允许等情况，而beableto通常不能这样用。Youareabletousemypen.(×)Youcanusemypen.(√)e.can有被动语态，主语为人或物皆可；beableto只接不定式的主动形式，不接表示被动的不定式，也不可用无生命的名词做主语。Theworkisabletobedonebyhim.(×)Heisabletodothework.(√)

Ashegrewolder,helearnttodomanydifferentthings.Ashegrewolder…随着年龄的增长…growolder逐渐长大Ashegrewolder,hebegantoknowheshouldhelphismotherwithsomehousework.as“当…的时候”，astimegoesby随着时间的流逝Astimegoesby,whatarethechancesoffindingakidnappedchildalive?(2)learntodosth.=studytodosth.WheredidyoulearntospeakEnglish?learn/studylearn侧重学习的成果，从不会到会的学习，强调通过学习去获得知识和技能，它没有凭勤奋努力而获得知识的意味。亦可指向某人学习，从某处学习及学习一门技能等。如learnmusic,learnnewwords,learntoskate,learnfromexperience,learnfromLeiFengstudy强调学习的过程，指深入系统地学习，带有努力勤奋之意。学习对象往往是科学，艺术和需要深入探讨，研究的问题及学科，不是单纯地获得技巧。如：studymedicine,studyscience,studyamap,studyengineering,studypainting。下列句子中的learn和study均不能互换：Ifyou_______hard,you'll______thelanguagewell.如果你努力学习的话，你会把这门语言学好。He_______traditionalChinesemedicinefromafamousChinesedoctor.他跟随一位著名的中国医生学习中医。She_______lateatnight.她晚上学习到很晚。(3)grow作系动词“变得”，表示渐渐成为某种新的状态，后面跟形容词构成系表结构。Asthepopulationgrowslarger,theworldseemstogetsmaller.Itisgrowingwarm.studylearnlearnedstudied…,theMonaLisa,isperhapsthemostfamouspaintingintheworld.befamous/well-knownfor是“因……而闻名”。themostfamouspainting意为“最有名的画作”,这是一个含有形容词最高级的短语。Hangzhouisfamousforitsscenery.painting/drawing/picturedrawing指素描画、工程图、线条图、铅笔画、钢笔画等；picture指图片、图画、照片等。指照片时，与photo意义相同。painting指着色的水彩画、油画等；

Canyoushowmeyourson’sdrawing?Youcanseefourpicturesonthewall.Thereisabigpaintinginthesittingroom.Forexample,hisnotebookincludesomeinterestingdrawingsofflyingmachines.forexample在句子中可放在开头，也可以作为插入语放在句中，甚至可以放在句尾。flyingmachine飞行器[此处是动名词做定语]类似的还有：awalkingstickaswimmingpoolasleepingbagthecomingholidayDinosaurslivedonEarthmorethan60millionyearsbeforehumanbeings.morethan=over多于nomorethan=just仅仅notmorethan不多于，不超过morethanone+单数名词“不止一个…”，这一结构作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。Morethanoneboyknowshowtoplaythecomputergames.more+复数名词+thanone“不止一个…”，但是这一结构做主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。Morestudentsthanonewereabsent.

Somedinosaurswereassmallaschickens.Otherswereasbigastenelephants.as...as

意为“和……一样”，表示两者在某些方面的程度相当，即同级比较。使用时要注意，第一个as为副词，第二个as为连词，中间用形容词或副词的原级。Mybagisasheavyasyours.[adj.]

Herunsasfastashiselderbrother.[adv.](2)若有修饰成分，如twice/threetimes等，则需置于第一个as之前。Yourbagistwiceasexpensiveasmine.(3)as…aspossible=as…assb.can尽可能Pleaseanswermyquestionsassoonaspossible.=Pleaseanswermyquestionsassoonasyoucan.(2)some…others…意为“有的……有的……，有些……有些……”。有些人喜欢足球，有些人喜欢排球。Somepeoplelikefootball.Otherslikevolleyball.some…theothers一些…其余所有…(theothers表示剩下的所有)Therearemanychildrenonthebeach.Somecanswimbuttheotherscan’t.However,somedinosaurslikedtoeatmeat.however然而/但是,可位于句首/句中/句末。位于句首时，其后用逗号；位于句中时，其前后均用逗号；位于句末时，其前用逗号。However,thisdoesnotalwayshappen.Shefallsill.Shegoestowork,however,andstaysuplate.Hesaysthatitisso.Heiswrong,however.Helikesmusic.However,hiswifedoesn’t.=Helikesmusic,buthiswifedoesn’t.however还可以做连词，表示”无论以何种方式，不管怎样”,引导让步状语从句。=nomatterhow…Youcantravelhoweveryoulike.HoweverIapproachedtheproblem,Icouldn’tfindaway.however/buthowever副词意为“然而”，给出意料之外的信息或者转换话题，转折意味较弱。位于句首/句中/句末后面常用逗号but转折连词意为“但是”，有明显的对比，转折意味较强位于分句的句首后面不常用逗号Somecouldevenfly.evenadv.甚至，主要用于加强语气，可修饰动词、形容词或副词的比较级等；Evenhedoesn’tknowthesecret.Theboyiseventallerthanhissister.evenif=eventhough即使