英语六级听力之短文

CET4

：听力---

passage二、短文部分

全真短文以一般知识型短文和人物故事为主，还包括几篇说明文和社会热门话题类的短文．一般知识型短文在内容上介于科普知识和社会问题之间；人物故事一般描述历史上的真人真事和常人的经历或生活趣闻；说明文是对事物或现象进行说明或解释；热门话题类短文讲述的人都为人们所关注的热点问题．（一）主观题型

主观题型从提问的性质看大致分为主旨题型和综合推断题型两种．（二）客观题型主旨题型

短文的中心思想是对全文的概括，对全文的基本了解。与事实题型相反。主旨题型主要测试考生对全文的理解．这类问题要求考生从四个选择项中挑出最合适做中心思想的句子或最适合做标题的句子，属于主观性的问题．在历年真题中，主旨题型的提问方式主要有：Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?Whatdowelearnfromthestory?Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?

由于表现手法不同，主旨句的位置也就不固定，或在段首，或在段尾，或者段首段尾相结合，共同表达一个完全的主题．段首句为主题句的文章属于演绎性文章。文章的开头就明确主题，然后用演绎法，将观点展开．结尾句为主题句的文章属于归纳性文章．文章是称述论点、论据，最后得出结论-------文章的主题．首尾句呼应表达一个完整的概念，表达文章的中心思想．综合推断题型

该题目测试考生的推理判断能力.要求依据短文提供的已知信息作出合理的推测和正确的判断.此类题目在全真试题中所占比例很大.按其提问方式是非判断也包括在内。主要提问方式如下:Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?Whatdoesthepassagetellusabout…?Whatdowelearnfromthestory?WhatwasEdwardsdoingwhen?Whatisthespeaker’simpressionof…?Whatis…profession?Whathappenedintheend?WhichofthefollowingisNottrue?

综合推断题要求考生运用所学的语言知识、语法知识，根据自己的综合常识，结合材料中的语境进行判断．判断要符合逻辑．客观题型

客观题型主要测试考生对短文细节的判别能力。此类题目与主观题的区别在于：其答案在原文中较明确．此类题目涉及面很广，提问一般以wh-question和how-question进行，所问内容涉及到人名、地点、时间、年代、数字、原因、目的等方面。解题的关键在于听清录音，找出正确选项的出处，以排除干扰项，从而确定问题的答案。综观历届考试，再应试时应注意以下几个方面：预览选项通过预览选项可以预测短文的内容及提问形式。抓住主题句抓住文章的主题句就容易掌握文章的中心思想．要特别注意听清文章的开头和结尾的一、两句，因为它们常常是主题句．记录事实大体预测到题目的要求及短文的内容，在听音过程中，就要有目的的去抓听、记录与题目有关的事实，例如：时间、地点、人物等．这些信息的记录最好不要按选项的顺序，而是根据录音中提供的先后顺序在空白处记录。否则，会因在选项中找不到需要的信息而分心，影响下文的听音．

４．抓住信息词即一些连接短文各个句子、表明上下文逻辑关系的词，对理解短文非常重要，对于短文内容如何发展起到信号指示的作用。此类词大致可分为四类：Ａ．起顺序连接作用的词，即并列、递进、例示作用的词，如：and,also,inaddition,forexample,furthermore,morethanthat,likewise,moreover,whatismore等;Ｂ．起逆接作用的词，即表明下面的内容和上面的内容发生了转折的词，如：but,however,inspiteof,onthecontrary,instead,although,otherwise,despite,nevertheless,yet等；Ｃ．表示因果关系的词，如：because,since,asaresult,therefore,for,thus,forthisreason,so,as,since,consequently等；Ｄ．表示短文层次和先后关系的词，如：first,second,last,before,after,then,accordingly,finally,next,afterward等；E.表概括(summary)的词

asaresult,finally,therefore,accordingly,inshortso,thus,consequently,inconclusion,inbrief,inaword等；

５．学会推断根据明示信息和录音的字里行间进行综合推断。这类题目比明示信息题目难的多．６．听清问题解题是听短文的目的，所以听清短文后的问题是解题的关键．关于短文听力的训练方法

Step1听第一遍时认真做题Step2再精听4-5次，达到全文记录Step3对照文字材料找答案和考点Step4朗读全文培养语感提高语速考试时候语段题的解题步骤

1．听之前看选项

1)看选项长短

2)找出选项中的相同词：高频词汇——以便确定文章的内容和范围

3)找数字题——年代，时间，数目，金钱（听到什么选什么）

2．抓两头

1)听到结尾——>回忆结尾的一两句话2)什么时候结束？重复词(重复出现的词就是文章所讲述的重点内容)，同时提示文章快要结束了Asaresult,so,therefore,thus均提示文章快要结束了3．中间抓小词1)要牢记以下七个小词：first,most,because出现，99%会出考题

only,just也会出考题but,however也会出考题

2)常考的逻辑关系：并列：and因果：because转折：but,however

递进：themore,themore让步：despite,although,though总结投机取巧原则听即原则：听见什么选什么重读原则：语音辨别，读多次。顺序原则：行文顺序和题目一致主题原则：头三尾二原因原则：原因最常考because,so,as转折原则：转折次常考buthoweveryet光明原则：事情都向好的方向发展最高级原则：形容词副词最高级形式一旦出现，则此句即成为考点，如：themostimportantreasonis……;theirbiggesttroublewas……;heworkedmostefficientlywhen……科学研究原则：科学研究表明……偏怪小原则：故事总是很稀奇古怪的特别提示：短文听力最忌讳的方式不动手:忌讳闭眼、低头，伏案多而不精不愿朗读养成良好的习惯只需要坚持4周，便能改变一生的习惯

EXERCISESPassageone

Questions11to13arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.11. A)Hewasonceafriendoftheruler.B)Hewasataxcollector.C)Hewasagovernmentofficial.D)HewasonceaschoolteacherinIndia.12. A)Todeclarenewwaysofcollectingtax.B)Toentertainthosewhohadmadegreatcontributionstothegovernment.C)Tocollectmoneyfromthepersonsinvited.D)Torewardoutstandingtaxcollectors.13. A)Theytriedtocollectmoremoneythantheruleraskedfor.B)Theyweregivensomesilverandgoldcoinsbytheruler.C)Theywereexcusedfrompayingincometax.D)Theyenjoyedbeinginvitedtodinnerattheruler’spalace.DACPassageOne

Afriendofminetoldmethatwhenhewasayoungman,hewenttoworkasateacherinoneofthestatesofIndia.Onedayhereceivedaninvitationtodinnerattheruler'spalace.Verypleased,hewenttotellhiscolleagues.Theylaughedandtoldhimthemeaningoftheinvitation.Theyhadallbeeninvitedandeachpersonwhowasinvitedhastobringwithhimacertainnumberofsilverandgoldcoins.Thenumberofcoinsvariedaccordingtotheperson'spositionintheserviceofthegovernment.

Myfriend'sincomewasnothigh,sohedidnothavemuchtopay.Eachpersonboundbeforetheruler,hisgoldwentontoonehip,hissilverwentontoanotherhip,andinthiswayhepaidhisincometaxfortheyear.Thiswasasimplewayofcollectingincometax.

Thetaxonpropertywasalsocollectedsimply:Therulergaveamanthepowertocollectataxfromeachowneroflandorpropertyinacertainareaifthismanpromisedtopaytheruleracertainamountofmoney.Ofcoursethetaxcollectormanagedtocollectmoremoneythanhepaidtotheruler.Thedifferencebetweenthesumofmoneyhecollectedandthesumofmoneyhegavetotherulerwashisprofit.Questions11to13arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

11.Whatdoweknowaboutthespeaker'sfriend?

12.Whatwastherealpurposeoftheruler'sinvitation?

13.Whatdoesthepassagesayaboutthetaxcollectors?PassageTwoQuestions14to16arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.14. A)Theylikedtraveling.B)Theywantedtofindabetterplacetolivein.C)Theyweredrivenoutoftheirhomes.D)Thereasonsareunknown.15. A)TheytrytoputupwithGypsies.B)TheyareenviousofGypsies.C)TheyareunfriendlytoGypsies.D)TheyadmirethemusicaltalentoftheGypsies.16. A)Specialschoolshavebeensetupforthem.B)Permanenthomeshavebeenbuiltforthem.C)Theyarenowtaughtintheirownlanguage.D)Theyarenowallowedtoattendlocalschools.BACPassagetwo

Aroundtheyear1000A.D.,somepeoplefromNorthwestIndiabegantotravelwestwards.Nobodyknowswhy.Afterleavingtheirhomes,theydidnotsettledownagainbutspenttheirlivesmovingfromoneplacetoanother.TheirlatergenerationsarecalledtheRomanypeopleorGypsies.ThereareGypsiesallovertheworld.Andmanyofthemarestilltravelingwithnofixedhomes.Thereareabout8millionofthem,including3millioninEasternEurope.

Gypsiessometimeshaveahardtimeinthecountrieswheretheytravel,becausetheyaredifferent.Peoplemaybeafraidofthem,lookdownonthemorthinkthattheyarecriminals.TheNazistreatedtheGypsiescruelly,liketheJews.AndnobodyknowshowmanyofthemdiedinHitler'sdeathcamps.

Gypsieshavetheirownlanguage,Romany.Theylikemusicanddancing,andtheyoftenworkinfairsandtravelingshows.

TravellingisveryimportanttothemandmanyGypsiesareunhappyiftheyhavetostayinoneplace.Becauseofthis,itisdifficultforGypsieschildrentogotoschool.AndGypsiesareoftenunabletoreadandwrite.Insomeplaces,theeducationauthoritiestrytoarrangespecialtravellingschoolsforGypsychildrensothattheycangetthesameeducationasotherchildren.Questions14to16arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

14.WhydidtheancestorsofGypsiesleavetheirhome?

15.WhatistheattitudeofsomepeopletowardsGypsies?

16.WhatmeasurehasbeentakentohelpGypsychildren?PassageThree

Questions17to20arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.17. A)Thecausesareobvious.B)Thecausesareverycomplicated.C)Thecausesarefamiliar.D)Thecausesarenotwellunderstood.18. A)Regulardrivertraining.B)Improvedhighwaydesign.C)Strictertrafficregulations.D)Betterpublictransportation.19. A)Highwaycrime.B)Poortrafficcontrol.C)Confusingroadsigns.D)Drivers’errors.20. A)Designingbettercars.B)Buildingmorehighways.C)Increasingpeople’sawarenessoftrafficproblems.D)Enhancingdrivers’senseofresponsibility.DABDPassagethree

Asthecarindustrydevelops,trafficaccidentshavebecomeasfamiliarasthecommoncold.Yettheircauseandcontrolremainaseriousproblemthatisdifficulttosolve.

Expertshavelongrecognizedthatthisdiscouragingproblemhasmultiplecauses.Attheveryleastitisaproblemthatinvolvesthreefactors:thedriver,thevehicleandtheroadway.Ifalldriversexercisedg