直接引语和间接引语

直接引语和间接引语2021/4/181一、概念引述别人的话时，一般采用两种方式：一是引用别人的原话，把它放在引号内，称为直接引语；二是用自己的话加以转述，被转述的话不放在引号内，称为间接引语。间接引语在大多数情况下是一个宾语从语。直接引语变成间接引语时，要注意以下几点：人称变化、时态变化、宾语从句要用陈述语序。例如：直接引语：Hesaid，“Iwanttohaveadrinknow.”间接引语：Hesaidthat

he

wantedtohaveadrink

then.2021/4/182二、变身方法1.人称变化：口诀：一主二宾三不变。即直接引语的第一人称取决于主句的主语,第二人称取决于主句的宾语,第三人称一般不变。1）Hesaid,“I

getonwellwithpeoplehere.”

→Hesaidthat

he

gotonwellwithpeoplethere.2）Susansaid,“We

canfinishtheworktomorrow.”

→Susansaidthat

they

couldfinishtheworkthenextday.3）Johnsaid,“Mary

wenttoBeijingthreedaysago.”

→Johnsaidthat

Mary

hadgonetoBeijingthreedaysbefore.2021/4/1832.时态变化：口诀：主句现在从不变，主句过去从顺延。即如果主句中的谓语动词是现在时,宾语从句中谓语动词的时态可以不变;如果主句的谓语动词是一般过去时,则从句谓语动词的时态要变为相应的过去时态或过去完成时｡Hesaid,“Igetupearlyeverymorning.”

(一般现在时→一般过去时)2)Shesaid,“Iamworkingonahomeworkproject.”Shesaidshewasworkingonahomeworkproject.

(现在进行时→过去进行时)3)Shesaid,“Imetmyfriendinthestreet.”Shesaidthatshehadmetherfriendinthestreet.

(一般过去时→过去完成时)Hesaidthathegotupearlyeverymorning.2021/4/184注意：在下面几种情况下,从句中谓语动词的时态可以保持不变:1)直接引语叙述的是科学真理､客观事实､格言等｡例如:

“Themoonmovesaroundtheearth,”theteachersaidtothestudents.Theteachertoldthestudentsthatthemoonmovesaroundtheearth.2)直接引语中有明确的不受语境限制的过去时间状语｡例如:

“JohnwenttoParisbyairin1985,”Jacksaid.JacksaidJohnwenttoParisbyairin1985.2021/4/1853.状语和指示代词的变化：牢记：this/these→that/those,now→then,today→thatday,yesterday→thedaybefore,lastyear→theyearbefore,ago→before,here→there等。例如：Hesaid,“Ihaven’tseenher

today.”Hesaidthathehadn’tseenher

thatday.4.直接引语是一般(选择/反意)疑问句，变成间接引语时，由连词whether或if引导。例如：Heaskedme,“Doyoulikeplayingfootball?”Heaskedme

if/whether

Ilikedplayingfootball.2021/4/1865.直接引语是特殊疑问句，变成间接引语时，由相应的疑问词who,whom,whose,how,when,why,where等引导。例如：Mysisteraskedme,“Howdoyoulikethefilm?”Mysisteraskedme

how

Ilikedthefilm.2021/4/1876.直接引语是祈使句，变成间接引语时，把动词原形变成动词不定式，并在动词不定式前加tell,ask,order等的宾语。例如：Thecaptainordered,“Bequiet.”Thecaptain

orderedustobequiet.注意：下列情况的否定句中，在动词不定式前加not。Myteacheraskedme,“Don’tlaugh.”Myteacheraskedmenottolaugh.2021/4/188课堂训练1.“Inevereatmeat.”hesaid.Hesaidthat____never____meat.2.“I’vefoundmywallet.”hesaidtome.He______methathe_______________wallet.3.“Itookithomewithme.”shesaid.Shesaidthat______________ithomewithher.4.Theteachersaid,“Thesunrisesintheeastandgoesdowninthewest.”Theteachersaidthatthesun______intheeastand______downinthewest.5.“Imetheryesterday.”hesaidtome.He______methathe____mether_____________.heatetoldhadfoundhisshehadtakenrisesgoestoldhadthedaybefore2021/4/1896.“Youmustcomeherebeforefive.”hesaid.HesaidthatI______togo______beforefive.7.“Iboughtthehouse10yearsago.”hesaid.Hesaidthathe_____boughtthehouse10years_______.8.“Didyouseeherlastweek?”hesaid.He____________Ihadseenher________________.9.Hesaid,“Youcansithere,Jim.”He_____Jimthathe______sitthere.10.Heasked,“Howdid